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GHSR1a敲除對(duì)小鼠黑質(zhì)區(qū)GABA信號(hào)傳遞影響

2021-07-08 01:58肖雪畢明霞焦倩陳曦杜希恂姜宏
關(guān)鍵詞:受體小鼠

肖雪 畢明霞 焦倩 陳曦 杜希恂 姜宏

[摘要]目的 探討生長(zhǎng)激素促分泌素受體1a(GHSR1a)基因敲除對(duì)小鼠黑質(zhì)區(qū)γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)信號(hào)傳遞的影響。方法 取3只GHSR1a敲除(Ghsr-/-)小鼠和3只同窩野生型(WT)小鼠的黑質(zhì)區(qū),應(yīng)用轉(zhuǎn)錄組學(xué)測(cè)序(RNA-seq)技術(shù)篩選出差異表達(dá)基因(DEGs),并通過(guò)KEGG富集分析神經(jīng)活性配體受體信號(hào)通路的變化,以及對(duì)GABA信號(hào)傳遞的影響。結(jié)果 與WT組相比,Ghsr-/-組神經(jīng)活性配體受體相互作用信號(hào)通路上的12個(gè)基因表達(dá)發(fā)生了顯著性變化,其中γ-氨基丁酸受體α2(Gabra2)和γ-氨基丁酸受體α4(Gabra4)分別是GABA-A受體α2亞基和α4亞基的編碼基因。在Ghsr-/-小鼠中,Gabra2和Gabra4表達(dá)出現(xiàn)明顯上調(diào)。除此之外,與GABA轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)相關(guān)的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白溶質(zhì)載體家族6成員1(Slc6a1)基因表達(dá)出現(xiàn)明顯下調(diào)。結(jié)論 GHSR1a基因敲除通過(guò)增加GABA受體亞基表達(dá),抑制GABA重?cái)z取,從而調(diào)控GABA信號(hào)傳遞。

[關(guān)鍵詞]受體,胃促生長(zhǎng)素;黑質(zhì);γ氨基丁酸;信號(hào)傳導(dǎo);轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序;小鼠

[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)]R338.2

[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A

[文章編號(hào)]2096-5532(2021)02-0171-03

[ABSTRACT]Objective To investigate the effect of growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a) gene knockout on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signal transduction in the substantia nigra of mice.?Methods Three GHSR1a-knockout (Ghsr-/-) mice and three wild-type (WT) littermates were selected, and RNA-seq technology was used to screen out differently expressed genes (DEGs) in the substantia nigra. KEGG enrichment analysis was used to investigate the change in the neuroactive?ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway and the impact of GABA signal transduction. ?Results Compared with the WT group, the Ghsr-/- group had significant changes in the expression of 12 genes in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway, among which γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor α2 (Gabra2) and γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor α4 (Gabra4) were the coding genes of the α2 and α4 subunits of GABA-A receptor, respectively. Gabra2 and Gabra4 were significantly upregulated in Ghsr-/- mice. In addition, solute carrier family 6 member 1 (Slc6a1) related to GABA transport was significantly downregulated.Conclusion GHSR1a knockout regulates GABA signal transduction by increasing the expression of GABA receptor subunits and inhibiting GABA reuptake.

[KEY WORDS]receptors, ghrelin; substantia nigra; gamma-aminobutyric acid; signal transduction; RNA-seq; mice

生長(zhǎng)激素促分泌素受體1a(GHSR1a)是G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體(GPCR)家族成員,同時(shí)也是ghrelin的功能型受體[1-2]。GHSR1a由366個(gè)氨基酸殘基和7個(gè)跨膜結(jié)構(gòu)域(TMD)組成,不僅在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)廣泛表達(dá),在外周器官中也有較低水平表達(dá)[2]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)室前期研究結(jié)果也證實(shí)了ghrelin-GHSR1a系統(tǒng)具有神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用[3-6]。除了介導(dǎo)ghrelin的功能外,GHSR1a還具有本構(gòu)型活性,在無(wú)ghrelin刺激時(shí)可參與多種生物學(xué)活動(dòng),如影響學(xué)習(xí)記憶、生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育、癲癇發(fā)作、血壓和癌癥等,還可以通過(guò)Gi/o信號(hào)通路影響γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)釋放,產(chǎn)生抑制性突觸后電流(IPSCs)并最終導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)元興奮性增強(qiáng)[7]。為了更加全面地了解GHSR1a影響GABA釋放的分子機(jī)制,本研究選用3月齡GHSR1a基因敲除小鼠(Ghsr-/-小鼠)和同窩野生型(WT)小鼠,對(duì)其黑質(zhì)區(qū)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)錄組學(xué)測(cè)序(RNA-seq),篩選差異表達(dá)基因(DEGs)并進(jìn)行KEGG信號(hào)通路富集分析,以期為闡明腦內(nèi)GHSR1a參與GABA信號(hào)傳遞及影響神經(jīng)元興奮性提供新的思路。

1 材料與方法

1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料

生理鹽水,水合氯醛,干冰,液氮,PBS緩沖液,手術(shù)剪,眼科鑷,EP管,玻璃培養(yǎng)皿,注射器,液氮罐,-80 ℃冰箱,制冰機(jī)。

1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法

1.2.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物與分組 3月齡Ghsr-/-雄性小鼠3只(Ghsr-/-組)和同窩WT雄性小鼠3只(WT組),體質(zhì)量(20±2)g,均購(gòu)自上海南方模式生物科技發(fā)展有限公司。小鼠在室溫(23±1)℃、12 h晝夜循環(huán)光照的環(huán)境下進(jìn)行飼養(yǎng),可自由飲水與進(jìn)食。所有動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)操作均遵循醫(yī)學(xué)倫理學(xué)原則。

1.2.2 小鼠黑質(zhì)區(qū)樣本的采集及測(cè)序 使用水合氯醛對(duì)小鼠進(jìn)行麻醉,脫臼法處死小鼠,解剖取腦后立即置于生理鹽水中沖洗腦組織表面血污,使用眼科鑷于冰上進(jìn)行黑質(zhì)組織塊的取材,取材完畢立即置于脫酶EP管中,并保存于液氮中。測(cè)序樣本從液氮中取出后干冰運(yùn)輸至北京諾禾致源生物科技有限公司進(jìn)行RNA-seq。對(duì)Ghsr-/-組和WT組小鼠測(cè)序所得結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析。

2 結(jié) 果

2.1 質(zhì)量控制

測(cè)序錯(cuò)誤率隨著測(cè)序長(zhǎng)度的增加而降低,本研究6個(gè)樣本的測(cè)序錯(cuò)誤率均小于1%,GC含量均小于50,Q30約為90%,6個(gè)樣本間的Pearson相關(guān)系數(shù)均大于0.95,說(shuō)明數(shù)據(jù)均質(zhì)化程度高,可用于后續(xù)分析。

2.2 DEGs篩選

共有533個(gè)基因在Ghsr-/-組和WT組之間呈現(xiàn)出差異性表達(dá),其中258個(gè)基因在WT組高表達(dá),275個(gè)基因在Ghsr-/-組高表達(dá)。

2.3 KEGG富集通路分析

有12個(gè)DEGs富集到神經(jīng)活性配體受體相互作用通路上,與WT組相比,Ghsr-/-組中表達(dá)上調(diào)基因有6個(gè),分別為γ-氨基丁酸受體α2(Gabra2)、γ-氨基丁酸受體α4(Gabra4)、膽堿能受體煙堿α4(Chrnb4)、AMPA離子型谷氨酸受體3(Gria3)、阿片受體1(Oprd1)和甘氨酸受體(Glrb);表達(dá)下調(diào)基因6個(gè),分別為膽堿能受體煙堿α5(Chrna5)、N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸離子能谷氨酸受體2D(Grin2d)、離子型谷氨酸受體海藻酸鹽5(Grik5)、神經(jīng)降壓素受體2(Ntsr2)和黑色素皮質(zhì)素受體3(Mc3r)。其中,Gabra2和Gabra4是編碼GABA受體亞基的基因,其上調(diào)提示GABA-A受體表達(dá)增多。除此之外,與GABA轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)有關(guān)的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白溶質(zhì)載體家族6成員1(Slc6a1)基因表達(dá)出現(xiàn)明顯下調(diào),其下調(diào)會(huì)導(dǎo)致突觸間隙中GABA不能被重吸收,從而增強(qiáng)其神經(jīng)抑制作用。以上結(jié)果表明,GHSR1a基因敲除對(duì)GABA信號(hào)傳遞具有顯著性影響。

3 討 論

GHSR1a是由7個(gè)TMD組成的GPCR家族中的一員,主要分布于下丘腦和垂體,是ghrelin的功能型受體[8-9]。當(dāng)GHSR1a被ghrelin激活時(shí),能夠發(fā)揮抗炎、抗凋亡、增強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)記憶、促進(jìn)生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育等作用[7,10]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)室前期研究結(jié)果表明,PD病人的血漿ghrelin水平顯著降低[4]。而且ghrelin激活GHSR1a之后能夠拮抗1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氫吡啶對(duì)小鼠黑質(zhì)多巴胺能神經(jīng)元的神經(jīng)毒性作用[6]。以上結(jié)果表明,ghrelin-GHSR1a系統(tǒng)具有神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用。另外,GHSR1a不依賴(lài)于ghrelin刺激的本構(gòu)型活性對(duì)腦內(nèi)功能、生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育等多種生物學(xué)過(guò)程也產(chǎn)生影響[11-13]。缺乏ghrelin時(shí),GHSR1a可以通過(guò)Gi/o信號(hào)通路影響突觸前Ca2+電流,減少抑制性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)GABA的釋放和IPSCs的形成并最終導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)元興奮性增強(qiáng)[14-15]。

GABA是重要的抑制性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì),通過(guò)與其受體結(jié)合能夠調(diào)節(jié)神經(jīng)元興奮性[16-17]。GABA受體屬于氯離子通道受體,分布于整個(gè)中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng),介導(dǎo)中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)大部分抑制性神經(jīng)傳遞,Gabra2和Gabra4是編碼該受體亞基的基因[18-19]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,在Ghsr-/-組小鼠中Gabra2和Gabra4的表達(dá)明顯升高,這可能會(huì)增加GABA受體組裝進(jìn)而增強(qiáng)GABA與受體結(jié)合,通過(guò)增強(qiáng)IPSCs導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)元興奮性降低[20-21]。GABA發(fā)揮抑制性突觸傳遞作用除了與受體有關(guān),還受到GABA轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體的影響[22]。在本研究中,Ghsr-/-小鼠GABA轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白Slc6a1基因表達(dá)出現(xiàn)明顯下調(diào)。Slc6a1為溶質(zhì)載體家族6的成員之一,是大腦中主要的GABA轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白,負(fù)責(zé)從突觸間隙重新攝取GABA[19,23]。突觸間隙中的GABA主要來(lái)源于神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞細(xì)胞膜、突觸前膜或囊泡膜上GABA轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體(CAT)的攝取。Slc6a1可使GABA在突觸間隙中的濃度降低,從而減弱GABA的突觸傳遞作用[24-25]。當(dāng)Slc6a1蛋白表達(dá)降低時(shí),從突觸間隙重新攝取GABA可能會(huì)受到抑制,從而增強(qiáng)GABA的抑制作用。因此,研究GHSR1a敲除對(duì)GABA信號(hào)傳遞的影響能夠更加深入地了解神經(jīng)元興奮性的影響因素,從而為神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病的治療提供更多思路。

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(本文編輯 馬偉平)

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