曾尚春
摘 ?要:對于英語學習者來說,聽力理解一直是學習的難點。因此,很多學者對如何提升英語學習者聽力理解能力進行了研究。作者選取了詞匯量為切入點,從學習者產(chǎn)出性和接受性詞匯量兩個維度進行實證研究,選取了某普通二本院校大二翻譯專業(yè)本科生作為受試者,利用SPSS16.0統(tǒng)計分析軟件里的描述統(tǒng)計(Descriptive Statistics),皮爾遜相關(guān)關(guān)系(Pearson correlation)和線性回歸(Linear Regression)這三種方式分析了受試學生產(chǎn)出性和接受性詞匯量與其英語聽力理解能力的關(guān)系,從而進一步得出受試學生詞匯量對其英語聽力理解能力的解釋力。實驗結(jié)果表明,受試學生產(chǎn)出性詞匯量和接受性詞匯量與其英語聽力理解能力均呈顯著正相關(guān)。受試學生產(chǎn)出性詞匯量(3000詞頻水平)、接受性詞匯量(3000詞頻水平)、產(chǎn)出性詞匯量(5000詞頻水平)、接受性詞匯量(5000詞頻水平)對其英語聽力理解能力的解釋力分別為28%、32%、22.8%及20.9%。受試者的詞匯量可以有效地解釋其英語聽力理解能力。
關(guān)鍵詞:產(chǎn)出性詞匯量;接受性詞匯量;英語聽力理解能力
中圖分類號:G642 文獻標志碼:A 文章編號:2096-000X(2021)19-0065-06
Abstract: For English learners, listening comprehension has always been a difficult point in learning. Therefore, many scholars have conducted research on how to improve the listening comprehension of English learners. The author conducts empirical research from the two dimensions of learner's productive and receptive vocabulary. A group of second-year undergraduates majoring in translation were selected as the research subject. The author used the Descriptive Statistics, Pearson correlation and Linear Regression in the statistical analysis software SPSS16.0 to analyze the relationship between the undergraduates' productive and receptive vocabulary and their English listening comprehension capability, and then figured out on what extent the test students' vocabulary have influence on their English listening comprehension capability. The result presents significantly positive correlation between test students' receptive vocabulary, productive vocabulary and their English listening comprehension capability. The test students' productive vocabulary size ?(3000-words level) can predict 28% of students' English listening comprehension capability, receptive vocabulary size (3000-words level)-32%, productive vocabulary size (5000-words level)-22.8%, receptive vocabulary size (5000-words level)-20.9%. To sum up, the testees' vocabulary size can effectively explain their English listening comprehension capability.
Keywords: productive vocabulary size; receptive vocabulary size; English listening comprehension capability
聽力理解是聽者充分利用所掌握的語言知識和非語言知識以及相關(guān)聽力理解技能和策略對外界輸入的語音材料進行積極主動地加工和處理以達到理解說話者意圖的動態(tài)過程。聽力理解是外語學習的一項重要技能,作者在多年的外語教學中發(fā)現(xiàn),為了掌握這一技能,學習者往往付出較多的時間和精力,但收效不明顯。根據(jù)上述聽力理解的定義,聽者的語言能力對聽者是否能聽懂外界輸入的語音材料起著至關(guān)重要的作用。如果從分析外語學習者的語言能力入手,應該能找到一個行之有效的方法來提高其聽力理解能力。而語言能力包含詞匯能力、語法能力、語義能力、語音能力和拼寫能力。因此,本文將以實證研究的方式,分析外語學習者的詞匯能力,具體來說,即從外語學習者接受性和產(chǎn)出性詞匯量的角度,探索它們對英語聽力理解能力產(chǎn)生的影響,以期為外語聽力教學提供一定的啟示。
1998年勞費爾給出了接受性詞匯(Receptive Vocabulary)和產(chǎn)出性詞匯(Productive Vocabulary)的定義,即,接受性詞匯指的是理解某個特定的詞的最基本最常用的意思;產(chǎn)出性詞匯被細分為控制性產(chǎn)出性詞匯(Controlled Productive Vocabulary)和自由產(chǎn)出性詞匯(Free Productive Vocabulary), 前者指的是在給出特定任務的前提下,學習者運用已經(jīng)習得的詞匯;后者指的是學習者按照自己的意愿自主地運用已經(jīng)習得的詞匯。