王化清
H組:其他變化形式。例如:
[原形 過(guò)去式 過(guò)去分詞 漢語(yǔ)意思 spell spelt/spelled spelt/spelled 拼寫(xiě) smell smelt smelt 聞;聞起來(lái) hang hanged hanged 絞死;徘徊;逗留 hung hung 吊;懸 light lit/lighted lit/lighted 點(diǎn)燃;發(fā)光 lie lied lied 說(shuō)謊 lay lain 躺;臥;位于 lead led led 領(lǐng)導(dǎo);引導(dǎo) mislead misled misled 誤導(dǎo) get got got/gotten 獲得 forget forgot forgot/forgotten 忘記 stand stood stood 站立 understand understood understood 理解 sit sat sat 坐 babysit babysat babysat 照顧嬰兒 agree agreed agreed 同意 disagree disagreed disagreed 不同意 sell sold sold 賣(mài) make made made 讓;使 have had had 吃;有;使;讓 hear heard heard 聽(tīng)到 hold held held 舉辦;握住 leave left left 離開(kāi);遺忘 find found found 找到 lose lost lost 丟失 ]
三、ABC形(動(dòng)詞原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞各不相同)
A組:把動(dòng)詞原形中的i改為a和u,分別構(gòu)成過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞。例如:
[原形 過(guò)去式 過(guò)去分詞 漢語(yǔ)意思 begin began begun 開(kāi)始 sing sang sung 唱歌 ring rang rung 鳴叫;環(huán)繞 sink sank sunk 下沉 drink drank drunk 喝 swim swam swum 游泳 ]
B組:把動(dòng)詞原形中的aw或ow改為ew構(gòu)成過(guò)去式,在動(dòng)詞原形后面加n構(gòu)成過(guò)去分詞。例如:
[原形 過(guò)去式 過(guò)去分詞 漢語(yǔ)意思 know knew known 知道 grow grew grown 成長(zhǎng) blow blew blown 吹 throw threw thrown 擲;投;拋 draw drew drawn 繪畫(huà) show showed shown 展示 ]
C組:在動(dòng)詞原形后加en(以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞原形后加n)構(gòu)成過(guò)去分詞。例如:
[原形 過(guò)去式 過(guò)去分詞 漢語(yǔ)意思 take took taken 取走;花費(fèi) mistake mistook mistaken 犯錯(cuò)誤 shake shook shaken 握手;振動(dòng) hide hid hidden 躲;藏 write wrote written 寫(xiě) see saw seen 看見(jiàn) rise rose risen 上升;增高 give gave given 給 be(is am) was been 是;在 be(are) were been 是;在 fall fell fallen 落下;跌落 eat ate eaten 吃 beat beat beaten 打敗 forbid forbad/forbade forbidden 禁止;不許 ]
D組:以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的過(guò)去式加n構(gòu)成過(guò)去分詞。例如:
[原形 過(guò)去式 過(guò)去分詞 漢語(yǔ)意思 break broke broken 撕裂;弄碎 speak spoke spoken 講;說(shuō) wake woke woken 醒來(lái) choose chose chosen 選擇 freeze froze frozen 凍結(jié);結(jié)冰 ]
E組:其他無(wú)規(guī)律的變化形式。例如:
[原形 過(guò)去式 過(guò)去分詞 漢語(yǔ)意思 do did done 做;干 go went gone 去;消失 fly flew flown 飛行 ]
四、ABA形(動(dòng)詞原形和過(guò)去分詞形式相同)
[原形 過(guò)去式 過(guò)去分詞 漢語(yǔ)意思 run ran run 跑 come came come 來(lái) become became become 成為 ]
五、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)過(guò)去分詞
[原形 過(guò)去式 過(guò)去分詞 漢語(yǔ)意思 can could 能;會(huì);可能 will would 要 shall should 將要 may might 可能;可以 ]
初中生學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)·提升版2021年8期