董瑞紅 吳秉毅 楊輝 翟曉 熊丹 蔡嘉惠 吳亮 譚潔文 董嘉堯 姚倩倩
【摘要】 ?目的 探討不同的動(dòng)員方案以及性別、年齡、化療療程、動(dòng)員方案等因素對(duì)外周血造血干細(xì)胞動(dòng)員的影響。方法 回顧性分析了36惡性血液病患者在南方醫(yī)科大學(xué)順德醫(yī)院血液科進(jìn)行外周血造血干細(xì)胞動(dòng)員。觀察動(dòng)員采集過程中采集CD34陽性細(xì)胞數(shù)量,并分析患者年齡、性別、動(dòng)員方案、動(dòng)員前的化療次數(shù)等因素,評(píng)估以上因素對(duì)干細(xì)胞動(dòng)員結(jié)果的影響。結(jié)果 進(jìn)行單因素分析發(fā)現(xiàn),年齡、性別、動(dòng)員方案對(duì)動(dòng)員結(jié)果無明顯影響(P>0.05)。化療療程數(shù)>6療程者對(duì)動(dòng)員結(jié)果有影響(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 動(dòng)員前化療次數(shù)大于6次以上,動(dòng)員效果差,臨床上擬行自體造血干細(xì)胞移植的患者,盡量減少化療次數(shù),避免對(duì)動(dòng)員造成影響。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 ?自體造血干細(xì)胞移植 ? 動(dòng)員
【Abstract】 Objective To explore the influence of different mobilization plans and factors such as gender, age, number of chemotherapy, mobilization plan and other factors on the mobilization of peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells. Methods A retrospective analysis of 36 patients with hematological malignancies in the Department of Hematology, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University underwent mobilization of peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells. Observe the number of CD34-positive cells collected during the mobilization collection process, and analyze the patient’s age, gender, mobilization plan and the number of chemotherapy before mobilization and other factors to evaluate the influence of the above factors on the results of stem cell mobilization. Results A univariate analysis found that age, gender and mobilization plan had no significant influence on the mobilization results (P>0.05). Those with more than 6 courses of chemotherapy had an impact on the results of mobilization (P<0.05).
Conclusion The number of chemotherapy before mobilization is more than 6 times, and the mobilization effect is poor. For patients who are planning to undergo autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in clinic, the number of chemotherapy should be minimized to avoid affecting the mobilization.
Key words ?Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ? Mobilization
【中圖分類號(hào)】R781.6+2 ? 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A ? 【文章編號(hào)】2026-5328(2021)06-011-02
自體外周血造血干細(xì)胞移植(APBSCT )是治療惡性血液病的方法之一,尤其是在淋巴瘤、骨髓瘤,作為化療后一線推薦[1]。采集外周血干細(xì)胞的成功與否是進(jìn)行自體干細(xì)胞移植的最關(guān)鍵因素。本研究回顧性分析了我院進(jìn)行外周血造血干細(xì)胞動(dòng)員、采集的資料,進(jìn)行效果評(píng)價(jià),并分析自體干細(xì)胞動(dòng)員、采集的相關(guān)影響因素。
1資料與方法
1.1臨床資料
收集2018年5月至2020年12在南方醫(yī)科大學(xué)順德醫(yī)院進(jìn)行自體造血干細(xì)胞動(dòng)員采集的患者36例,其中男性19例,女性17例,中位年齡47(13~66)歲。原發(fā)病為急性淋巴細(xì)胞白血病4例,急性髓系白血病7例,朗格漢斯細(xì)胞綜合征1例,非霍奇金淋巴瘤5例,NK/T細(xì)胞淋巴瘤1例,T淋巴母細(xì)胞淋巴瘤1例,多發(fā)性骨髓瘤15例,淀粉樣變性2例。所有患者均為初次動(dòng)員。
1.2外周血造血干細(xì)胞動(dòng)員
淋巴瘤、急性淋巴細(xì)胞白血病及多發(fā)性骨髓瘤采用環(huán)磷酰胺(60mg/kg/d)聯(lián)合GCSF方案動(dòng)員。急性髓系白血病采用阿糖胞苷3g/d聯(lián)合GCSF方案動(dòng)員。當(dāng)白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)降至低谷開始回升時(shí),給予細(xì)胞因子皮下注射。動(dòng)員劑劑量為G-CSF 10ug/(kg·d),動(dòng)員d 4-6中,白細(xì)胞(WBC)數(shù)>5 x 109/L時(shí)開始采集。
1.3外周血造血干細(xì)胞采集
我院使用的血細(xì)胞分離機(jī)為COBE Spectra 血細(xì)胞分離機(jī),每次循環(huán)量約為血容量的 2.5倍。采集過程中給予10%葡萄糖酸鈣。采集結(jié)果判定[2]CD34+細(xì)胞數(shù)≥2×106/kg為采集成功;CD34+細(xì)胞數(shù)<2×106/kg為采集失敗。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
應(yīng)用SPSS 22.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理分析。非正態(tài)分布數(shù)據(jù)以中位數(shù)(最小值,最大值)表示。單因素分析的組間數(shù)據(jù)比較采用獨(dú)立樣本T檢驗(yàn)。多因素分析采用方差分析。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1造血干細(xì)胞采集情況
36例患者接受外周血造血干細(xì)胞的采集,獲得的CD34+細(xì)胞中位數(shù)為4.09(0.12~14.9)×106/kg。采集成功(成功組)23例,采集失?。ㄊ〗M)13例,采集成功率為64%。
2.2造血干細(xì)胞采集的影響因素分析
結(jié)果顯示,年齡、性別、動(dòng)員方案對(duì)動(dòng)員結(jié)果無明顯影響(P>0.05)。多因素分析顯示,動(dòng)員前的化療次數(shù)大于等于6次的患者,動(dòng)員失敗率高(P<0.05)。
3討論
APBSCT是多發(fā)性骨髓瘤以及淋巴瘤推薦的一線治療方法,在中低危白血病中也應(yīng)用廣泛。APBSCT成功的關(guān)鍵在于干細(xì)胞動(dòng)員的質(zhì)量。臨床上把造血干細(xì)胞或祖細(xì)胞(he-matopoietic stem and progenitor cells,HPC)釋放到外周血的過程稱為動(dòng)員。動(dòng)員的目的是單采次數(shù)少、動(dòng)員并發(fā)癥少,經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的收集足夠數(shù)量的HPCs。采集HPCs的數(shù)量多少取決于是否二次移植以及存在引起動(dòng)員失敗的危險(xiǎn)因素[3]。目前推薦的最低細(xì)胞數(shù)為CD34陽性細(xì)胞數(shù)>2×106/kg,理想的細(xì)胞數(shù)為>5×106/kg[2]。目前臨床上使用的動(dòng)員方案有兩種,一種為單用G-CSF動(dòng)員,臨床上常用的為短效GCSF,推薦劑量為10ug/kg[4]。長效GCSF如非格司亭的劑量推薦為12mg。另一種為化療聯(lián)合G-CSF,在多發(fā)性骨髓瘤及淋巴瘤中,常用的化療藥物為環(huán)磷酰胺聯(lián)合GCSF或依托泊苷聯(lián)合GCSF[5]。越來越多的中心采用化療聯(lián)合GCSF作為動(dòng)員干細(xì)胞的方案[6]??赡艿臋C(jī)制為化療后骨髓造血抑制,抑制期過后造血活躍,對(duì)動(dòng)員劑的反應(yīng)更加敏感,動(dòng)員效果好[7]
另外經(jīng)過化療可以降低骨髓中的腫瘤負(fù)荷,提高動(dòng)員的質(zhì)量[8]。近年來趨化因子受體(CXCR4)拮抗劑的問世,提高了干細(xì)胞動(dòng)員的效率,尤其是用于動(dòng)員失敗高危因素、低CD34細(xì)胞數(shù)、第一天采集失敗的患者[6]。
本研究中,急性髓系白血病動(dòng)員方案采用阿糖胞苷聯(lián)合G-CSF動(dòng)員方案,急性淋巴細(xì)胞白血病、骨髓瘤及淋巴瘤采用環(huán)磷酰胺聯(lián)合G-CSF動(dòng)員方案。兩種動(dòng)員方案的比較可以發(fā)現(xiàn),二者無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,證明不同化療藥物聯(lián)合G-CSF動(dòng)員并無差異,與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)到一致[9,10]。有研究表明,在多發(fā)性骨髓瘤的初次動(dòng)員中,環(huán)磷酰胺聯(lián)合G-CSF方案較單用G-CSF方案動(dòng)員顯示出了優(yōu)越性,采集的CD34細(xì)胞數(shù)明顯的提高[11]。
自體干細(xì)胞動(dòng)員的影響因素較多,動(dòng)員前化療次數(shù)以及化療藥物對(duì)干細(xì)胞動(dòng)員的影響有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義[12]。如烷化劑、嘌呤類似物、來那度胺影響干細(xì)胞動(dòng)員。本研究分析了動(dòng)員前化療次數(shù)>6次和<6次的動(dòng)員結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),化療次數(shù)大于6次的,動(dòng)員效果差。證實(shí)了化療藥物對(duì)動(dòng)員效果的影響。
多發(fā)性骨髓瘤為老年病,往往體能狀態(tài)符合移植的病人中年齡超過60歲、甚至65歲,那么除了來那度胺、馬法蘭等藥物對(duì)干細(xì)胞有影響外,年齡是否對(duì)干細(xì)胞動(dòng)員有影響呢?LEFRERE F等[11]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),年齡大的病人干細(xì)胞儲(chǔ)備差,動(dòng)員成功率低。我們分析了36例病例,將年齡≥55歲和<55歲的比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)年齡未影響動(dòng)員效果,無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。可能與病例數(shù)少有關(guān)。性別無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。
綜上所述,影響干細(xì)胞動(dòng)員的因素較多,對(duì)于擬行自體干細(xì)胞移植患者,在治療過程中,盡量選擇對(duì)干細(xì)胞影響小的藥物,盡量將化療控制在6療程以內(nèi),預(yù)計(jì)可能動(dòng)員失敗的患者,加用普樂沙福,提升動(dòng)員效果,提高動(dòng)員成功率。由于本研究病例數(shù)有限,尚需要擴(kuò)大病例數(shù)來分析動(dòng)員相關(guān)影響因素。
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南方醫(yī)科大學(xué)順德醫(yī)院 ?528300