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新型分?jǐn)?shù)雙波長(zhǎng)皮秒激光聯(lián)合新型全息分束器治療痤瘡瘢痕療效及安全性分析

2021-09-27 13:58劉春保趙彧關(guān)吉利孔珍珍
中國(guó)美容醫(yī)學(xué) 2021年8期
關(guān)鍵詞:安全性療效

劉春?!≮w彧 關(guān)吉利 孔珍珍

[摘要]目的:探討新型Nd:YAG分?jǐn)?shù)雙波長(zhǎng)皮秒激光聯(lián)合新型全息分束器治療面部痤瘡瘢痕的有效性和安全性。方法:收集2018年1月-2019年9月筆者醫(yī)院治療的62例面部痤瘡瘢痕患者為研究對(duì)象。采用自體對(duì)照的方式,左面頰為對(duì)照組,右面頰為觀察組。對(duì)照組給予點(diǎn)陣CO2激光治療,觀察組給予新型Nd:YAG分?jǐn)?shù)雙波長(zhǎng)皮秒激光聯(lián)合新型全息分束器治療。兩組均每月治療1次,共4次。治療結(jié)束12周,評(píng)估臨床療效及患者治療滿意度。記錄治療及隨訪期間的治療相關(guān)不良事件發(fā)生情況,對(duì)所有數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。結(jié)果:兩組臨床療效整體分級(jí)間差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組總有效率與極有效率均高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。觀察組無效率及弱效率均低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。觀察組治療滿意度評(píng)分高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。觀察組紅斑、水皰、瘙癢、疼痛、脫屑、色素沉著及色素減退等治療相關(guān)不良事件發(fā)生率均低于對(duì)照組(均P<0.05)。結(jié)論:新型分?jǐn)?shù)雙波長(zhǎng)皮秒激光聯(lián)合新型全息分束器治療面部痤瘡瘢痕有效、安全,患者治療滿意度高。

[關(guān)鍵詞]皮秒激光;全息分束器;痤瘡瘢痕;療效;安全性

[中圖分類號(hào)]R619+.6? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A? ? [文章編號(hào)]1008-6455(2021)08-0083-04

Clinical Efficacy and Safety Analysis of a Novel Fractional Dual-Wavelength Picosecond Laser Combined with A Novel Holographic Beam Splitter in the Treatment of Acne Scars

LIU Chun-bao1, ZHAO Yu2, GUAN Ji-li1, KONG Zhen-zhen1

(1. Department of Dermatology;2.Department of Plastic Surgery,Sanya Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Sanya 572000,Hainan,China)

Abstract:Objective To learn the clinical efficacy and safety analysis of a new Nd:YAG fractional dual-wavelength picosecond laser combined with a new holographic beam splitter in the treatment of atrophy facial acne scars. Methods 62 patients with facial acne scars, treated in our hospital from January 2018 to September 2019, were collected. The autologous control method was adopted. left cheek was taken as control group, while the right cheek was taken as observation group. The control group was given fractional CO2 laser treatment, the observation group was given a new Nd:YAG fractional dual-wavelength picosecond laser combined with a new holographic beam splitter. Both groups were treated once a month for 4 times. Clinical efficacy and patient satisfaction were assessed at 12 weeks after treatment. Record the treatment-related adverse events during treatment and follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed. Results There was a significant difference between two groups in overall clinical efficacy (P<0.05). The total effective rate and extremely effective rate in observation group were higher than those in control group (P<0.05). The ineffective rate and weak effective rate in observation group were lower than those in control group (P<0.05). Patients treatment satisfaction in observation group was higher than that in control group (P<0.05). The incidence of treatment-related adverse events such as erythema, blistering, itching, pain, desquamation, hyperpigmentation, and hypopigmentation in observation group were lower than those in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The novel fractional dual-wavelength picosecond laser combined with a new holographic beam splitter is effective and safe for treating atrophy facial acne scars, with high patient's treatment satisfaction.

Key words: picosecond laser; holographic beam splitter; acne scars; efficacy; safety

激光誘導(dǎo)的組織光擊穿作用(Laser-induced optical breakdown,LIOB)最初被用于眼科治療[1]。近來利用LIOB的皮秒激光已被用于嫩膚、痤瘡瘢痕治療及去除文身等[2-3]。Habbema等[4]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)LIOB通過緊密聚焦的皮秒域1 064nm脈沖靶向作用于真皮乳頭?;贖abbema的研究,已開發(fā)出一種新的技術(shù),該技術(shù)使用具有755納秒域激光的微透鏡陣列,將激光束分成許多強(qiáng)度更高的激光能量聚焦區(qū)域以改善面部痤瘡瘢痕及嫩膚[5]。隨后,使用不同波長(zhǎng)開發(fā)了其他提供聚焦皮秒級(jí)脈沖小束的激光器,包括結(jié)合了磷酸鈦氧鉀(KTP)倍頻晶體的1 064nm和532nm釹:釔鋁石榴石(Nd:YAG)激光器等。分?jǐn)?shù)激光由于具有創(chuàng)建微熱處理區(qū)的能力,而可用于改善光損傷和痤瘡瘢痕,從而導(dǎo)致皮膚炎癥反應(yīng)和隨后的重塑[6-7]。多項(xiàng)研究證實(shí)點(diǎn)陣CO2激光治療痤瘡瘢痕安全、有效[8]。本研究比較點(diǎn)陣CO2激光與新型Nd:YAG分?jǐn)?shù)雙波長(zhǎng)皮秒激光經(jīng)全息分束器將全部激光能量重組并分布至方形柵格的聚焦光子束治療面部痤瘡瘢痕的療效與安全性。

1? 資料和方法

1.1 一般資料:收集2018年1月-2019年9月筆者醫(yī)院診治的62例面部痤瘡瘢痕患者為研究對(duì)象,其中男26例,女36例,年齡17~35歲,平均年齡為(26.27±3.63)歲;病程3~31個(gè)月,平均病程(18.36±5.72)月;Fitzpatrick皮膚分型:Ⅲ型12例,Ⅳ型28例,Ⅴ型22例;有吸煙史者6例,合并多囊卵巢綜合征者1例。

1.2 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①符合《中國(guó)痤瘡治療指南(2014修訂版)》診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[9];②雙側(cè)面頰受累;③輕度至重度萎縮性瘢痕;④患者了解本研究并簽署知情同意書。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①妊娠或哺乳期女性;②合并系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡、卟啉病等光敏感性疾病;③合并過敏性皮炎、濕疹、鱗癌及黑素瘤等面部皮膚病者;④瘢痕體質(zhì)者;⑤12個(gè)月內(nèi)有異維A酸系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用史;⑥6個(gè)月內(nèi)有維A酸類藥物外用史;⑦3個(gè)月內(nèi)有積雪苷霜應(yīng)用史。本研究符合2013年修訂的《赫爾辛基宣言》要求,符合倫理學(xué)要求。倫理學(xué)批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):2018LL0129。

1.3 治療儀器及藥物:生理氯化鈉溶液(規(guī)格:500ml;4.5g;國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字:H20066533,石家莊四藥有限公司生產(chǎn));復(fù)方利多卡因乳膏(規(guī)格:5克/支;國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字:H20063466,北京紫光制藥有限公司);JZ-2型超脈沖點(diǎn)陣CO2激光治療儀(成都國(guó)雄光電技術(shù)有限公司);皮秒Nd:YAG激光器倍頻系統(tǒng)(PicoWay1,Syneron-Candela Corporation);全息分束光學(xué)器件(PicoWay Resolve1,Syneron-Candela Corporation)。

1.4 治療方法:本研究采用自體對(duì)照。左面頰為對(duì)照組,右面頰為觀察組。對(duì)照組:給予點(diǎn)陣CO2激光治療,治療前用生理鹽水清潔皮損部位,采用復(fù)方利多卡因乳膏涂于患處,1h后進(jìn)行點(diǎn)陣CO2激光治療(能量10~160mJ,波長(zhǎng)10 600nm,光斑直徑≤0.5mm,輸出功率1~3W,掃描面積max=15mm×15mm),光斑尺寸及光斑能量均依據(jù)皮疹情況而定,治療間隔1個(gè)月,共治療4次。治療后隨訪至第12周;觀察組:給予新型分?jǐn)?shù)雙波長(zhǎng)皮秒激光聯(lián)合新型全息分束器治療,即采用全息分束光學(xué)器件將新型Nd:YAG分?jǐn)?shù)雙波長(zhǎng)皮秒激光的激光能量聚焦成直徑150μm的微光束陣列,微光束陣列再依次排列在6mm×6mm處理區(qū)域內(nèi)。激光以1 064nm波長(zhǎng)在每微束1.3~2.9mJ下以450ps的脈沖持續(xù)時(shí)間發(fā)出,而532nm的波長(zhǎng)在每微束0.16~1.5mJ下以375ps的脈沖持續(xù)時(shí)間發(fā)出,激光以6Hz的重復(fù)頻率進(jìn)行治療。治療前,用生理鹽水清潔皮損,采用復(fù)方利多卡因乳膏涂于患處1h后。依次以彼此成直角、垂直和水平的一排成行地進(jìn)行2次激光掃描,通過以繪畫模式傳遞脈沖來處理受影響的區(qū)域。治療能量依據(jù)皮疹情況而定,治療終點(diǎn)為紅斑或輕度瘀斑。治療間隔1個(gè)月,共治療4次。治療后隨訪至第12周。

1.5 療效評(píng)估:分別于首次治療前及治療結(jié)束12周隨訪時(shí)采用單反相機(jī)在光線充足的環(huán)境中距離面頰30cm處拍攝面部皮損照片,由兩位高年資皮膚科醫(yī)師根據(jù)兩次皮損照片對(duì)患者面部萎縮性瘢痕改善情況進(jìn)行評(píng)估,意見不一致者由第3位高年資皮膚科醫(yī)師進(jìn)行判定。療效評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[10]:極有效:皮損改善≥75%;顯效:皮損改善50%~75%;弱效:皮損改善25%~50%;無效:皮損改善<25%。總有效率=極有效率+顯效率。

1.6 患者滿意度評(píng)估:治療結(jié)束12周后,由患者對(duì)治療滿意度進(jìn)行評(píng)分,評(píng)分范圍0~10分,評(píng)分與患者治療滿意度間正相關(guān)。

1.7 治療相關(guān)不良事件:記錄治療開始至隨訪結(jié)束期間,紅斑、水皰、瘙癢、疼痛、脫屑、色素減退、色素沉著等治療相關(guān)不良事件。

1.8 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析:采用SPSS 26.0對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。計(jì)數(shù)資料采用率(%)表示,配對(duì)資料間比較采用McNemar檢驗(yàn);有序配對(duì)資料間比較采用秩和檢驗(yàn);當(dāng)0

2? 結(jié)果

2.1 兩組臨床療效比較:兩組臨床療效整體分級(jí)間差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P<0.05)。觀察組總有效率與極有效率高于對(duì)照組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組無效率及弱效率均低于對(duì)照組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。兩組顯效率間差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P>0.05)。見表1。

2.2 兩組治療滿意度比較:觀察組治療滿意度評(píng)分高于對(duì)照組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表2。

2.3 兩組治療不良反應(yīng)情況比較:觀察組紅斑、水皰、瘙癢、疼痛、脫屑、色素沉著及色素減退等治療相關(guān)不良事件發(fā)生率均低于對(duì)照組,差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表3。

3? 討論

痤瘡瘢痕是一種常見損容性皮膚病,會(huì)對(duì)患者生活質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重負(fù)面影響,微針、激光、化學(xué)剝脫及真皮填充等均被嘗試用于治療且均可不同程度的改善皮損[10]。CO2 激光能量的中紅外波長(zhǎng)為10 600nm,可很好地被皮膚中水分子吸收,局部熱效應(yīng)可有助于痤瘡瘢痕修復(fù)及光子嫩膚等,點(diǎn)陣CO2激光是目前公認(rèn)的治療痤瘡瘢痕的有效方法,副作用發(fā)生率很低,主要可導(dǎo)致瘢痕加重、炎癥后色素沉著和感染等[11]。第一代非點(diǎn)陣CO2激光對(duì)于改善皺紋及痤瘡瘢痕有效性好,但卻較點(diǎn)陣CO2激光的副作用更多,較非消融性點(diǎn)陣CO2激光安全性更高[12-13]。分?jǐn)?shù)CO2激光治療光損傷時(shí)效稍差,但可減少長(zhǎng)期及短期副作用的發(fā)生率[14]。Elsaie等[15]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)消融性點(diǎn)陣CO2激光與非消融性點(diǎn)陣CO2激光都是治療痤瘡瘢痕的有效方法,安全性好且患者滿意度高,其中消融性點(diǎn)陣CO2激光療效更好,但非消融性點(diǎn)陣CO2激光痛苦更少且停機(jī)時(shí)間更短。近年來,點(diǎn)陣CO2激光與多種治療方式的聯(lián)用有效性的發(fā)現(xiàn)更是進(jìn)一步鞏固了點(diǎn)陣CO2激光在痤瘡瘢痕治療中的重要作用。Chang等[16]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)自體富血小板血漿聯(lián)合消融性CO2激光對(duì)痤瘡瘢痕治療具有協(xié)同作用,且可加速激光損傷皮膚的恢復(fù)。Zhou等[17]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)脂肪干細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)基與點(diǎn)陣CO2激光聯(lián)用可提高萎縮性痤瘡瘢痕患者的治療滿意度、皮膚彈性與水分,減少經(jīng)皮水分丟失、皮膚粗糙度及黑色素指數(shù)等,組織學(xué)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)脂肪干細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)基增加了皮膚膠原蛋白、彈性蛋白的密度及有序排列。非消融性1 550nm、1 440nm和1 320nm分級(jí)激光器是最早用于治療光損傷與痤瘡瘢痕的非消融性設(shè)備[13,18]。經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的醫(yī)生采用1 550nm激光治療I~I(xiàn)V型皮膚者通常不會(huì)引起治療后色素沉著[19]。但Er:YAG 1 550nm光纖激光器治療共識(shí)中稱,因色素沉著的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性僅最有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的激光外科醫(yī)師才能將其用于VI型皮膚患者的治療[18]。Mahmoud等[20]亦報(bào)道了使用Er:YAG 1 550nm光纖激光器治療IV~VI型皮膚時(shí)較高的色素沉著發(fā)生率。

皮秒激光已被證實(shí)可有效治療去除文身、良性色素沉著性病變、痤瘡瘢痕及光老化等[21]。Yang等[22]采用532nm和1 064 nm分?jǐn)?shù)雙波長(zhǎng)皮秒激光對(duì)20例Ⅲ~Ⅳ型患者的痤瘡瘢痕進(jìn)行治療后顯示出良好的療效及安全性,認(rèn)為與色基依賴性皮秒激光脈沖熱釋放熱離子相關(guān)。Dai等[23]發(fā)現(xiàn)消融性1 064nm皮秒激光治療亞洲人痤瘡瘢痕安全有效,并認(rèn)為與1 064nm皮秒激光的選擇性光損傷及表皮消融作用有關(guān)。多項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)1 064nm及532nm Nd:YAG分?jǐn)?shù)皮秒激光所承載的高能量被表皮局部的黑素顆粒所吸收,并以一種非熱效應(yīng)的形式誘導(dǎo)LIOB效應(yīng),繼而在治療后即刻開始促進(jìn)真皮膠原纖維、彈性纖維、黏蛋白等的形成,從而有效改善萎縮性痤瘡瘢痕及皮膚光損傷等[23-24]。另外,皮秒激光所致表皮內(nèi)空泡形成、通過作用于氧合血紅蛋白及去氧血紅蛋白所致的真皮血管損傷等亦被認(rèn)為與真皮重塑相關(guān)[25-26]。

本研究采用1 064nm和532nm雙波長(zhǎng)分?jǐn)?shù)皮秒激光對(duì)痤瘡瘢痕進(jìn)行治療,1 064nm和532nm激光的最大能量分別為每微束2.9mJ、1.5mJ,與達(dá)到1 064nm的臨床終點(diǎn)相比,在532nm處需要更低的能量,而這或許與532nm處的黑色素吸收強(qiáng)度比1 064nm更高有關(guān)。極高的峰值功率和極小的150μm的微束直徑可將兩種波長(zhǎng)的激光能量最大程度的限制在表皮及真皮的極小區(qū)域及層次內(nèi),且隨著光束直徑的差異,其穿透深度存在顯著差異,因此,如何才能發(fā)揮兩種波長(zhǎng)激光的協(xié)同作用以最大限度地發(fā)揮其治療作用成為研究的主要難點(diǎn)。

此前,曾有研究采用分度微透鏡陣列處理755nm的皮秒激光用于治療面部痤瘡瘢痕與皺紋[5],為本研究提供了很好的參考。最終本研究選定新型全息分束器對(duì)分?jǐn)?shù)雙波長(zhǎng)皮秒激光進(jìn)行處理,該系統(tǒng)可將分?jǐn)?shù)雙波長(zhǎng)皮秒激光的能量集中在一個(gè)極小的激光陣列中而最大限度發(fā)揮治療作用。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),觀察組總有效率與極有效率高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),觀察組無效率及弱效率均低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),觀察組患者治療滿意度評(píng)分高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),且觀察組紅斑、水皰、瘙癢、疼痛、脫屑、色素沉著及色素減退等治療相關(guān)不良事件發(fā)生率均低于對(duì)照組(均P<0.05),提示相比于點(diǎn)陣CO2激光,經(jīng)全息分束器處理的分?jǐn)?shù)雙波長(zhǎng)皮秒激光可更有效地改善面部痤瘡瘢痕,且患者治療滿意度更高,治療相關(guān)不良事件發(fā)生率降低,提示其臨床應(yīng)用具有較高的安全性。

綜上,新型分?jǐn)?shù)雙波長(zhǎng)皮秒激光聯(lián)合新型全息分束器治療萎縮性面部痤瘡瘢痕有效、安全,患者治療滿意度高。

[參考文獻(xiàn)]

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[16]Chang HC,Sung CW,Lin MH.Efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma combined with ablative fractional carbon dioxide laser for acne scars: a systematic review and Meta-analysis[J].Aesthet Surg J,2019, 39(7): NP279-NP287.

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[19]Chrastil B,Glaich AS,Goldberg LH,et al.Second-generation 1,550nm fractional photothermolysis for the treatment of acne scars [J].Dermatol Surg,2008,34(10):1327-1332.

[20]Mahmoud BH,Srivastava D,Janiga JJ,et al.Safety and efficacy of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet fractionated laser for treatment of acne scars in type IV to VI skin [J].Dermatol Surg,2010, 36(5):602-609.

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[收稿日期]2020-06-15

本文引用格式: 劉春保,趙彧,關(guān)吉利,等.新型分?jǐn)?shù)雙波長(zhǎng)皮秒激光聯(lián)合新型全息分束器治療痤瘡瘢痕臨床療效及安全性分析[J].中國(guó)美容醫(yī)學(xué),2021,30(8):83-86.

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