司君增 王秀芹 楊艷紅 邢曉玲 鄭立峰 亓勤德 朱峻嶺
[關鍵詞] ADAM10;基因多態(tài)性;阿爾茨海默病;整合素
[中圖分類號] R749.1? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-9701(2021)17-0001-03
Study on correlation between ADAM10 gene polymorphism and Alzheimer′s disease
SI Junzeng? ?WANG Xiuqin? ?YANG Yanhong? ?XING Xiaoling? ?ZHENG Lifeng? ?QI Qinde? ?ZHU Junling
Department of Neurology, Ji′nan City People′s Hospital, Ji′nan People′s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Ji′nan 271199, China
[Abstract] Objective To explore the correlation between a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 gene (ADAM10) rs2305421 and rs653765 polymorphisms and the genetic susceptibility of northern Chinese Han population to Alzheimer′s disease (AD). Methods A total of 96 AD patients (the case group) and 102 healthy people (the control group) admitted to our hospital from January 2013 to May 2020 were matched in age and gender. The ADAM10 rs2305421 and rs653765 loci were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The distribution of genotype frequency and allele frequency between the case group and the control group was compared by chi-square test. The intensity analysis of single gene nucleotide polymorphism and AD risk was expressed by odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Results The genotype of ADAM10 rs2305421 locus in the case group was [46(47.92)%], which was higher than that in the control group [(45 (44.12)%], with no significant difference(P>0.05). The allele frequency of ADAM10 rs2305421 in the case group was(62.50%), which was higher/lower than that in the control group(72.06%), with no significant difference(P>0.05). However, the frequency of AA genotype at ADAM10 rs653765 locus was significantly different from that of the control group(P=0.042), and the risk of AD was increased compared with GG genotype(OR=2.99, 95%CI: 1.04-8.59). In addition, the proportion of allele A in AD patients was significantly higher than that in the control group(OR=1.55, 95%CI: 1.01-2.36, P=0.043). Conclusion The polymorphism of rs653765 locus of ADAM10 gene may be related to AD in Han nationality in northern China, but it has nothing to do with rs2305421 locus.
[Key words] ADAM10; Gene polymorphism; Alzheimer′s disease; Integrin
阿爾茨海默病(Alzheimer′s disease,AD)是以進行性記憶力減退和認知功能障礙為主的神經(jīng)退行性疾病,是癡呆最常見的類型,約占癡呆總數(shù)的60%~80%[1-2]。整合素和金屬蛋白酶(A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs,ADAMs)是一種結合細胞膜的糖蛋白,其參與細胞信號轉(zhuǎn)導、細胞粘附、細胞外基質(zhì)的降解。研究表明,ADAMs參與了細胞的增殖、分化及細胞外基質(zhì)的重建、血管生成、細胞遷移,涉及炎癥等疾病的病理過程[3]。ADAM10的表達可以通過啟動子區(qū)域的多態(tài)性調(diào)節(jié),這已被證實同AD、行為障礙和其他疾病相關[4]。因此,本研究分析兩種單核苷酸多態(tài)性(Single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs)即rs2305421,rs653765同AD的發(fā)病敏感性之間的相關性預測,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
本研究采用病例對照設計。所有受試者均無血緣關系,本研究經(jīng)濟南市人民醫(yī)院醫(yī)學倫理委員會批準。按照國家倫理標準,對所有受試者進行樣本采集,并簽署知情同意書。阿爾茨海默病診斷參照NINCDS-ADRDA診斷標準[3],96例AD患者為2013年1月至2020年5月在濟南市人民醫(yī)院神經(jīng)內(nèi)科門診及住院患者,包括男36例,女60例,年齡43~86歲,平均(66.48±3.11)歲。結合家族史及相應的臨床檢查,排除糖尿病、嚴重精神疾病、腫瘤等內(nèi)科疾病。同時,102例對照組為門診健康體檢者,其中男35例,女67例,平均年齡(67.31±9.47)歲。
1.2 血液標本采集及基因組DNA提取
早晨空腹采集外周靜脈血2 mL,收集后保存在EDTA抗凝的離心管。48 h內(nèi)通過北京天根生化提供的DNA提取試劑盒提取基因組DNA,-80℃保存。
1.3 ADAM10基因多態(tài)性分型
提取ADAM10基因序列,通過聚合酶鏈反應-限制性片段長度多態(tài)性(PCR-RFLP)進行基因多態(tài)性分型。PCR引物按照表1設計,在上海生工生物技術有限公司合成。選擇20 μL PCR體系,含2 μL 10×緩沖溶液,0.5 μL dNTPs、1 μL DNA模板,各0.5 μL的正向和反向引物,2 μL氯化鎂,0.5 μL Taq酶,13 μL ddH2O。PCR擴增條件如下:95℃,2 min的預變性;然后,在94℃,20 s變性、退火65℃ 40 s,72℃ 90 s延伸,共35個周期;最后,在72℃,2 min延伸。此后在20 μL酶反應體系進行,2 μL酶(rs2305421位點的EcoR I、rs653765位點的XhoI),10 μL PCR產(chǎn)物,2 μL 10×緩沖溶液,6 μL滅菌去離子水。該混合物被放在37.0℃水浴箱水浴一晚。10 μL酶切產(chǎn)物通過2%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳進行分離。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學方法
用HWE程序檢測Hardy-Weinberg平衡。采用SPSS 22.0統(tǒng)計學軟件等位基因和基因型頻率在患者和對照組中的分布差別采用χ2檢驗。等位基因和基因型與疾病的關聯(lián)強度用比值比(Odds Ratio,OR)和95%可信區(qū)間(95% confidence intervals,95%CI)表示,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2 結果
2.1 研究對象一般情況
本研究包含96例患者和102例健康對照者。AD患者和對照組的男、女比例分別為1∶1.67和1∶1.91,兩組年齡、性別比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),這表明選擇的對象匹配。對rs2305421和rs653765基因型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,可以進行候選基因的關聯(lián)分析。
2.2 ADAM10基因rs2305421,rs653765位點的基因型和等位基因分布
rs2305421位點AA、AG和GG基因型的頻率分別為37.50%、53.12%、9.38%,而對照組分別為36.27%、52.94%、10.79%;等位基因A頻率在病例組和對照組分別為64.06%、62.75%,等位基因G頻率在病例組和對照組分別為35.94%、37.25%。基因型和等位基因頻率在不同的患者和對照組之間比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。rs653765位點GG、GA、AA基因型頻率在病例組和對照組分別為38.54%、47.92%、13.54%和50.00%、44.12%,5.88%;G和A等位基因頻率在兩組分別為62.50%,37.50%,72.06%,27.94%;在rs653765位點AA基因型頻率在兩組之間差異顯著,增加AD發(fā)展的風險(OR=2.99,95%CI=1.04~8.59,P=0.042)。此外,在病例組的A等位基因頻率顯著高于對照組(P=0.04),表明攜帶A等位基因的個體AD發(fā)病概率明顯增加(OR=1.55,95%CI:1.01~2.36)。見表2~3。
3 討論
阿爾茨海默病的特征性臨床表現(xiàn)為進行性記憶力減退和認知功能障礙,并可伴有精神癥狀和行為異常,嚴重影響患者的日常生活和工作。目前,對于AD的致病機制有多種學說,其中Aβ的細胞毒性作用是AD發(fā)病的關鍵這個觀點得到大家的廣泛認同。如何使Aβ分泌減少、Aβ降解增加成為治療AD的新靶點。淀粉樣前體蛋白(APP)經(jīng)過Aβ分泌酶和γ分泌酶的作用產(chǎn)生Aβ,而APP經(jīng)過α分泌酶和γ分泌酶在Aβ內(nèi)部被水解,從而阻止Aβ的生成,同時產(chǎn)生具有神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)及神經(jīng)保護作用的sAPPα。因此,增加α分泌酶的分泌是治療AD更為有效的一條途徑。Gibb等[5-7]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)ADAML10具有α分泌酶活性,在許多生理和病理過程中起著重要的作用。
研究表明,ADAM10涉及神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的發(fā)育過程,包括細胞增殖、遷移、分化、存活和軸突生長及髓鞘形成[8]。Kuhn等[9]發(fā)現(xiàn)敲除小鼠ADAM10基因,由于神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)、體節(jié)和血管系統(tǒng)的發(fā)育缺陷,小鼠在胚胎期9.5 d死亡。有研究證明ADAM10是構成α-分泌酶的重要組成,其與神經(jīng)細胞生理學相關。Postina等[10]研究表明,ADAM10轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠與AD小鼠雜交,發(fā)現(xiàn)雜交小鼠的淀粉樣斑塊明顯減少,因α分泌酶到APP的可溶性片段的增多,學習記憶能力同時增加,這正和ADAM10的突變小鼠的條件相反。這些結果表明,ADAM10是通過功能性分泌抑制淀粉樣斑塊的形成,通過修改應用程序提高學習記憶能力。
ADAM10基因多態(tài)性已經(jīng)在許多神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病中得到研究[11]。rs653765和rs514049多態(tài)性被認為能調(diào)節(jié)AD患者淀粉樣前體蛋白(APP)的表達。基姆等檢測ADAM10已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)九個SNPs,發(fā)現(xiàn)rs2305421與AD的發(fā)病風險相關。此外,阿爾茨海默病的基因庫中的AD家庭樣本的檢測仍然得到相同的觀點[12]。然而,對白種人研究ADAM10 27個SNP對AD的影響,仍然找不到AD的生物標志物[13]。這些研究結果的不一致性,進一步表明ADAM10基因多態(tài)性的異質(zhì)性。本研究探討中國北方AD漢族人群的ADAM10基因多態(tài)性,在rs2305421位點,基因型和等位基因頻率差異在AD和對照組比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義。而在rs653765位點,對照組AA基因型頻率明顯低于AD患者,在病例組的A等位基因頻率顯著高于對照組,表明攜帶A等位基因的個體AD發(fā)病概率明顯增加。
綜上所述,本研究支持ADAM10基因多態(tài)性與中國北方漢族阿爾茨海默病人群之間存在相關性。掌握這些研究成果將有助于深入了解ADAM10基因的功能,篩選高危人群,并在基因水平上為疾病發(fā)生提供一定的理論依據(jù),從而達到早期診斷、及時治療的目的。但本實驗樣本較少,因此結論有一定局限性。未來需要更大樣本量的研究對研究結果進行驗證,以確定ADAM10基因變異在阿爾茨海默病發(fā)病中的作用。
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(收稿日期:2020-12-08)