劉海燕
倒裝句是英語(yǔ)考試中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn)。為了突出或者強(qiáng)調(diào)等目的,將原有的主謂語(yǔ)序進(jìn)行顛倒就構(gòu)成了倒裝句。倒裝句分為完全倒裝和部分倒裝兩種形式。將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞整個(gè)移到主語(yǔ)之前是完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu);只將助動(dòng)詞或者情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移到主語(yǔ)之前是部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
一、完全倒裝
完全倒裝就是把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部提前至主語(yǔ)之前。考試中常見(jiàn)的有以下幾種情況:
1.句首為 here, there, then 等引導(dǎo)的句子,一般謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都會(huì)被提前,形成完全倒裝(主謂倒裝)。如:
Here comes our school bus. (如果是正常語(yǔ)序的話,應(yīng)該為Our school bus comes.)
2.句首為介詞短語(yǔ),且句子中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)。如:
In the front of the playground sat our English teach-er.
3.句首為表語(yǔ),并且主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)或者結(jié)構(gòu)太復(fù)雜,這時(shí)候要用全部倒裝,以免主語(yǔ)看著比較冗長(zhǎng)。如:
Present at this room are my best friend Jerry and my deskmate Mary.
Among the food has potatoes, tomatoes, hamburg-er and other dessert.
4.句首為so, neither, nor 開(kāi)頭的句子,表示句子后半部分的情況與前半句的相同,且前后兩句的謂語(yǔ)、時(shí)態(tài)一致,倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為so/neither/nor +系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如:
She is good at English, so is her elder sister.
She is not good at English, neither/nor is her elder sister.
二、部分倒裝
部分倒裝就是把一部分謂語(yǔ)(通常是助動(dòng)詞)放在主語(yǔ)之前。常見(jiàn)的有以下幾種情況:
1.否定副詞,如seldom, never,little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner 等位于句首時(shí),要用部分倒裝,將助動(dòng)詞提前。如:
Seldom does she buy clothes online.
Little does he realize the im-portance of the study.
在這里要注意的一點(diǎn)是如果句首是not…until, not until...,后面要倒裝的是主句。如:
正常語(yǔ)句:She didnt leave the classroom until homework was finished.
倒裝句:Not until homework was finished did she leave the class-room. (只倒裝主句)
2.if 從 句 的 倒 裝 ,要 將 if 去 掉 ,將 were, had,should 置于主語(yǔ)前。如:
正常語(yǔ)句:If you had finished your homework,you would join us.
倒 裝 句 :Had you finished your homework, you would join us.
3.as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,從句要倒裝,將形容詞、名詞(不加冠詞)、副詞、分詞等提到主語(yǔ)之前。如:
Young as Tom is, he knows to take care of his sick mom.
4.句首為so修飾的形容詞或者副詞,only修飾副詞或者狀語(yǔ)時(shí),要部分倒裝。如:
Only in this way can you get prize. (注意:如果on-ly 修飾的是主語(yǔ),則無(wú)需倒裝,如:Only Mary can do this.)
So smart is he that he can solve this problem.
綜上所述,倒裝句的知識(shí)內(nèi)容比較多,且比較雜,以上列舉了幾處常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn),供學(xué)生重點(diǎn)記憶。教師需要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生細(xì)心歸納總結(jié),幫助學(xué)生形成系統(tǒng)的知識(shí)框架。
(作者單位:安徽省淮北市開(kāi)渠中學(xué))