OPEN建筑事務(wù)所

客戶：北京市房山區(qū)長(zhǎng)陽(yáng)鎮(zhèn)人民政府

主創(chuàng)建筑師：李虎，黃文菁

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)：中山大二郎（項(xiàng)目建筑師），葉青，張浩，周亭婷，Thomas Batzenschlager，張暢，Jotte Seghers，王一帆，于清波

建筑面積：57,773m2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間：2010-2014

竣工時(shí)間：2014

攝影：蘇圣亮，夏至，OPEN建筑事務(wù)所，北京四中

Client:Changyang Government of Fangshan District,Beijing

Principal Architects:LI Hu,HUANG Wenjing

Project Team:NAKAYAMA (Project Architect),YE Qing,ZHANG Hao,ZHOU Tingting,Thomas BATZENSCHLAGER,ZHANG Chang,Jotte SEGHERS,WANG Yifan,YU Qingbo

Floor Area:57,773 m2

Design Period:2010-2014

Completion Time:2014

Photos:SU Shengliang,XIA Zhi,OPEN

Architecture,Beijing No.4 High School

1 草圖 Sketch

以創(chuàng)造更多充滿自然的開放空間的設(shè)計(jì)為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，加上場(chǎng)地的空間限制，激發(fā)了我們?cè)诖怪狈较蛏蟿?chuàng)建多層地面的設(shè)計(jì)策略。學(xué)校的功能空間被組織成上下兩部分，日常教學(xué)空間漂浮在地面上的根莖狀巨構(gòu)之中，食堂、禮堂、體育館等大體量公共空間則被放到半地下，它們的屋頂成為起伏的花園，與教學(xué)樓屋頂?shù)霓r(nóng)田一起，構(gòu)成“田園學(xué)?！薄?/p>

兩種類型的教育空間之間的張力，及其各自包含的豐富的功能，造就了令人驚訝的空間的復(fù)雜性。為每類不同的功能所做的適合其個(gè)性的空間，使得這個(gè)功能繁雜的校園建筑具備了城市性的體驗(yàn)。空間的自由通透鼓勵(lì)積極的探索并期待不同個(gè)體在使用上的再創(chuàng)造，教與學(xué)可以發(fā)生在校園中的任何一個(gè)角落。

這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是中國(guó)第一個(gè)獲得綠色建筑三星級(jí)認(rèn)證的中學(xué)（其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)超過LEED 金級(jí)認(rèn)證）。為了最大化地利用自然通風(fēng)和自然光線，并減少冬天及夏天的冷熱負(fù)荷，被動(dòng)式節(jié)能策略幾乎運(yùn)用在設(shè)計(jì)的方方面面，大到建筑的布局和幾何形態(tài)，小到窗戶的細(xì)部設(shè)計(jì)。地源熱泵技術(shù)為大型公共空間提供了可持續(xù)能源，同時(shí)獨(dú)立控制的VRV機(jī)組服務(wù)于所有單獨(dú)的教學(xué)空間，確保使用的靈活性。整個(gè)項(xiàng)目使用了簡(jiǎn)單、自然和耐用的材料，如竹木膠合板、水刷石（一項(xiàng)正在消失的工藝）、石材和暴露混凝土等。

評(píng)委評(píng)語

北京四中房山校區(qū)突破了國(guó)內(nèi)現(xiàn)有中小學(xué)校的設(shè)計(jì)范式，在有限的用地上，將不同用房、場(chǎng)地與環(huán)境多向度集約融合，營(yíng)造了豐富的、具有良好體驗(yàn)感的室內(nèi)外公共場(chǎng)所。同時(shí)，項(xiàng)目呈現(xiàn)的空間和形體因其純凈、連續(xù)的本體性建造語言而具有持久的感染力和生命力。在建筑學(xué)意義上，是對(duì)中小學(xué)這類建筑的一次類型探索；在社會(huì)性意義上，體現(xiàn)了新的教育理念，發(fā)揮了正向示范作用。自建成以來，在業(yè)界和社會(huì)都產(chǎn)生了廣泛的積極影響。

3 概念圖解 Concept diagram

4 非正式的教學(xué)空間 Informal educational space

5 根莖狀的教學(xué)樓 Rhizome shaped school building

6 鳥瞰總圖 Overall aerial view

The desire to create more open spaces filled with nature– something that today's urban Chinese students desperately need– combined with the site's spatial limitations inspired a strategy along the vertical dimension.The idea was to create multiple grounds by separating the programmes into the "upper" and "lower" and inserting gardens in between.The juxtaposition of the upper and lower building,connected at the "middle-ground" in various ways,is as much an interesting spatial strategy as a signifier of the relationship between formal and informal educational spaces in the new school.

The contrast between the two types of educational spaces and the rich mix of programmes create a surprising spatial complexity.The unique character of each space creates an urban experience within this complex of education facilities.It is a place with a free spirit that encourages exploration and awaits reinvention by different individuals.Perhaps its physical environment can inspire and prompt some much needed changes in China's current education system.

The project is the first high school in China to achieve a domestic Three Star Green Building rating (a standard that exceeds LEED Gold).In order to maximize natural ventilation and daylighting and minimize heat gain during summer and heat loss during winter,almost all aspects of the design adopt passive solar strategies,from the planning of the building geometry all the way to the details of the window design.A geothermal ground-source heat pump provides a sustainable source of energy for the large public spaces,while independently controlled VRV units serve all the individual teaching spaces to ensure their flexible operation.Simple,natural,and durable materials like bamboo plywood,pebble dashing (a vanishing technique),stone,and exposed concrete are used throughout the project.

7 首層平面 Ground floor plan

8 夾層平面 Mezzanine floor plan

9.10 剖面 Sections

11 夾層空間 Mezzanine space

12 屋頂農(nóng)田 Farmland on the roof

13 荷花水池 Lotus pond

14 體育館屋頂?shù)脑?shī)歌花園 Poetry garden on the roof of the stadium

Jury Statement

Beijing No.4 High School Fangshan Campus breaks through the existing design paradigm of primary and middle schools in China,integrating different programmes,sites and environments in multiple perspectives on a limited site,creating a rich,experiential indoor and outdoor public space.In architectural terms,it is a generic exploration of the building type for such a large volume of buildings;and in social terms,it embodies a new educational concept and played as a role model.Since its completion,it has made a wide range of positive influences in both the industry and society.□(Translated by WANG Xinxin)

16 戶外寫生課 Outdoor sketching

17 戶外樓梯 Outdoor stairs

18 多層地面：竹園—食堂屋頂—教學(xué)樓 Multiple-grounds:Bamboo Garden -Canteen roof - School building

19 遮陽(yáng)窗套 Window frame