袁丹純

The virtual assistant

虛 擬 助 教

Professor?Ashok?Goel?of?Georgia?Tech?（佐治亞理工學(xué)院）?developed?an?artificially?intelligent?teaching?robot，?knowledge?based?artificial?intelligence，?to?help?handle?the?enormous?number?of?students??questions?in?the?online?class.?This?online?course?is?a?core?requirement?of?Georgia?Tech?s?online?Master?of?Science?（理科碩士）?in?Computer?Science?program.?Professor?Goel?already?had?eight?teaching?assistants，?but?that?wasn?t?enough?to?deal?with?the?overwhelming?number?of?daily?questions?from?students.

Many?students?drop?out?of?online?courses?because?of?the?lack?of?teaching?support.When?students?feel isolated?or?confused?and?reach?out?with?questions?that?go?unanswered，?their?motivation?to?continue?begins?to?taper?off.?Professor?Goel?decided?to?do?something?to?remedy?this?situation?and?his?solution?was?to?create?a?virtual?assistant?named?Jill?Watson，?which?is?based?on?the?IBM?Watson?Platform.

Goel?and?his?team?developed?several?versions?of?Jill?Watson?before?releasing?her?to?the?online?forums.?At?first，?the?virtual?assistant?wasn?t?too?great.?But?Goel?and?his?team?sourced?（獲得）?the?online?discussion?forum?to?find?all?the?40，000?questions?that?had?ever?been?answered?since?the?class?was?launched.?Then?they?began?to?feed?Jill?with?the?questions?and?answers.?After?some?adjustments?and?sufficient?time，?Jill?was?able?to?answer?the?students??questions?correctly?97%?of?the?time.?So?advanced?and?realistic?was?the?virtual?assistant?that?the?students?didn?t?know?she?was?a?computer.

The?students，?who?were?studying?artificial?intelligence，?were?interacting?with?the?virtual?assistant?and?couldn?t?tell?it?apart?from?a?real?human?being.?Not?until?April?26?did?Goel?inform?them?about?Jill?s?true?identity.?To?his?great?delight，?the?students?were?actually?positive?about?the?experience.

Next?year，?Professor?Goel?s?virtual?;assistant?will?be?supposed?to?take?over?answering?40%?of?all?the?questions?posed?by?students?on?the?online?forum.?The?name?Jill?Watson?will，?of?course，?change?to?something?else?next?semester.?Professor?Goel?has?a?much?rosier?outlook?on?the?future?of?artificial?intelligence?than，?say，?Elon?Musk，?Stephen?Hawking，?Bill?Gates?or?Steve?Wozniak.

Activity?A???Reading?for?understanding

Ⅰ.?Text?centered?chunks

knowledge?based?基于知識(shí)的

drop?out?of?退出

taper?off?逐漸減少

interact?with?和……互動(dòng)

tell...apart?from?將……與……區(qū)分

to?one?s?delight?讓某人高興的是

be?positive?about?對(duì)……積極

be?supposed?to?do?應(yīng)該做……

take?over?接管

have?a?rosy?outlook?on?對(duì)……有樂(lè)觀的看法

Ⅱ.?Text?centered?sentences

一、非謂語(yǔ)

1.?When?students?feel?isolated?or?confused?and?reach?out?with?questions?that?go?unanswered，?their?motivation?to?continue?begins?to?taper?off.?當(dāng)學(xué)生們感到被孤立或者困惑且提出的問(wèn)題沒(méi)有得到答案時(shí)，他們繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)力就會(huì)開(kāi)始逐漸減弱。

【點(diǎn)石成金】go?unanswered中的go作系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞，意為“變成;變?yōu)?變得（尤指朝壞的方面）”。

【運(yùn)用遷移】當(dāng)聽(tīng)到明天要去公園野炊時(shí)，孩子們欣喜若狂。

2.?Next?year，?Professor?Goel?s?virtual?assistant?will?be?supposed?to?take?over?answering?40%?of?all?the?questions?posed?by?students?on?the?online?forum.?明年，Goel教授的虛擬助教將會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)回答學(xué)生在在線(xiàn)論壇上提出的所有問(wèn)題的40%。

【點(diǎn)石成金】posed?by?students中的posed為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，意為“由學(xué)生提出的”。

【運(yùn)用遷移】出生于一個(gè)美麗的村莊，他喜歡欣賞自然風(fēng)光。

二、部分倒裝句

Not?until?April?26?did?Goel?inform?them?about?Jill?s?true?identity.?直到4月26日，Goel才告訴他們Jill的真實(shí)身份。

【點(diǎn)石成金】“not?until...+謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)”為部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，強(qiáng)調(diào)了時(shí)間，意為“直到……，……才……”。

【運(yùn)用遷移】直到剛剛我才意識(shí)到我被騙了。

Activity?B???Reading?for?writing

隨著線(xiàn)上教學(xué)的普及，越來(lái)越多的虛擬助教走入學(xué)生們的日常學(xué)習(xí)中。?？谡骷瘜W(xué)生對(duì)虛擬助教的看法。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下要求投稿。內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：

1.?虛擬助教的應(yīng)用情況;

2.?你對(duì)虛擬助教的看法和建議。

注意：

1.?詞數(shù)80左右;

2.?可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫;

3.?至少需要使用一個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)或部分倒裝句;

4.?注意段落內(nèi)的邏輯關(guān)系。

My?view?on?virtual?assistants

寫(xiě)作導(dǎo)引

本次的寫(xiě)作任務(wù)是寫(xiě)一篇文章給校刊投稿，要求學(xué)生描述虛擬助教的應(yīng)用情況、對(duì)虛擬助教的看法以及建議等，并且至少需要使用一個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)或部分倒裝句。這些寫(xiě)作要求和所給語(yǔ)篇的主題語(yǔ)境是緊密相關(guān)的。我們可以通過(guò)整合同主題閱讀材料的內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言，梳理寫(xiě)作思路和積累素材。

一、語(yǔ)篇解碼

（一）內(nèi)容分析

What?is?the?text?mainly?about？

（二）宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)

Fill?in?the?blanks?according?to?the?text.

二、素材積累

本次的寫(xiě)作任務(wù)是基于“虛擬助教”的主題開(kāi)展的寫(xiě)作，我們可以通過(guò)模仿并運(yùn)用文章中的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)，如詞塊和句型，積累寫(xiě)作的語(yǔ)言素材。

（一）介紹現(xiàn)象的核心表達(dá)

1.?with?the?advancement?of?the?society?隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展

2.?as?the?society?develops?in?leaps?and?bounds?隨著社會(huì)的迅速發(fā)展

3.?an?increasing?number?of?people?find?it+adj.+to?do?sth?越來(lái)越多人發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事怎么樣

4.?it?has?become?a?trend?for?sb?to?do?sth?某人做某事成為一種趨勢(shì)

5.?it?is?evident?that...?很明顯的是……

（二）表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的核心表達(dá)

1.?hold?a?totally?opposite?argument?持完全相反的觀點(diǎn)

2.?hold?various?attitudes?towards?this?issue?對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題持有不同的態(tài)度

3.?views?on...vary?from?person?to?person?對(duì)……的觀點(diǎn)因人而異

4.?be?in?favor?of/be?positive?about?支持……觀點(diǎn)

5.?Some?hold?the?point?of?view?that?it?is?of?great?importance/significance?for?sb?to?do?sth.?有些人認(rèn)為，對(duì)某人而言做某事是很重要的。

6.?As?far?as?I?am?concerned，?it?is?not?a?matter?of?“should?or?should?not”?but?of?“how”.?在我看來(lái)，這不是“應(yīng)該或不應(yīng)該”的問(wèn)題，而是“如何做”的問(wèn)題。

（三）提出建議的核心表達(dá)

1.?had?better?do?sth?最好做某事

2.?It?is?highly?recommended?that?sb?should?do?sth./Doing?sth?is?strongly?recommended.?強(qiáng)烈建議某人做某事。

3.?...，?which?is?beneficial?……是有益的

4.?...leaves?much?room?for?improvement?……有待提高

5.?The?way?the?ten?minute?after?class?time?is?spent?leaves?much?to?be?desired.課后十分鐘的利用情況有待提高。

6.?You?are?supposed?to?be?willing?to?make?contributions?to?our?homeland.?你應(yīng)該樂(lè)于為祖國(guó)做出貢獻(xiàn)。

三、寫(xiě)作支架

本次的寫(xiě)作任務(wù)是寫(xiě)一篇融合說(shuō)明和議論的文章，根據(jù)寫(xiě)作要求，其語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)可定為“現(xiàn)象+觀點(diǎn)+建議”。文章的框架如下：

With?the?advancement?of...，?it?has?become?a?trend?that...（現(xiàn)象）

I?am?positive?about...?because?of?the?following?reasons.?First，?...?Second，?...?Third，?...（觀點(diǎn)）?I?believe?that?it?will?be?better?if?we?do?sth?in?order?to/so?as?to...?（建議）

四、語(yǔ)篇過(guò)手

根據(jù)以上提供的主題、主題表達(dá)和語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)，我們可以寫(xiě)出文章的第一、二段。第一段描述虛擬助教的應(yīng)用情況，第二段表達(dá)個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)并提出建議?？傇~數(shù)控制在80左右。

同時(shí)，學(xué)習(xí)運(yùn)用前文閱讀材料中出現(xiàn)的非謂語(yǔ)或部分倒裝。尤其要注意表達(dá)的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，需要注意使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞。