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Jane Austen—A Trailblazer for Female Authors on the Tenpound Banknote簡(jiǎn)·奧斯汀—十英鎊紙幣上的女性作家先驅(qū)

2023-02-19 11:34:22朱廣春
瘋狂英語(yǔ)·初中天地 2023年12期
關(guān)鍵詞:筆名奧斯汀理智

朱廣春

今天,我們一同走進(jìn)文學(xué)歷史的長(zhǎng)廊,探尋一位在文字間留下不朽印記的女性作家——簡(jiǎn)·奧斯汀。她不僅是英國(guó)文學(xué)的明珠,更是18 世紀(jì)末女性在文學(xué)領(lǐng)域中的一股清流。她的作品不僅有那個(gè)時(shí)代的人情世故,更有愛(ài)、理性和社交的智慧。讓我們一同揭開(kāi)那個(gè)時(shí)代的面紗,感受她獨(dú)特的魅力。

Jane Austen is an English novelist. She was born inSteventon, England, 1775, the daughter of a clergyman. Austenwas famous for her 1)humorous words and clever ideas. In hertime, women were not thought to be capable of writing and muchof her work on her novels was done in secret. Austen managedto keep her writing secret from her father and other detractors byusing a 2)pseudonym. But for whatever reason, she never used aman s name, and instead, simply published her incredible storiesunder the pen name “A Lady”.

Jane Austen passed away in 1817. For over 200 years, shehas been still thought of as a trailblazer for female authors and hernovels have 3)remained some of the most famous and belovedbooks of all time.

Jane Austen is considered to be the first person who gave thenovel its distinctly modern character. She was the first author totalk about ordinary people and everyday life in the books.She published four novels during her lifetime: Sense andSensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), MansfieldPark (1814), and Emma (1815). In these and in Persuasion(published posthumously, 1817) and Northanger Abbey(published posthumously, 1817), she vividlydepicted English middle-class life during the early?19th century. Through the love stories of the works, Jane Austenexpressed a 4)rational view of marriage: Without love, it is wrongto marry for the sake of status and money. Marriage without a 5)reasonable economic basis is folly. Love and wealth have muchto do with happiness. Jane Austen emphasized that in a happymarriage, both parties should understand and respect each other,which also reflected womens pursuit of equality and independencein the society at that time.

Besides, in Persuasion, Austen writes, “I hate to hear youtalk about all women as if they were fine ladies instead of rationalcreatures. None of us want to be in calm waters all our lives.” InNorthanger Abbey, Austen also writes, “If I could not be persuadedinto doing what I thought wrong, I will never be tricked into it.” It sclear that Austen wished to experience excitement and intelligencein her life that could not be found in the traditional ways ofthe time.

On September 8-17 of each year in Bath, England, thereis a special festival. People dress up in beautiful clothesand have concerts and balls. They are celebrating theJane Austen Festival.

On July 18, 2017, shortly before the 200th?anniversary of Austen s death, the Bank of England issued a newversion of the 10-pound banknote, featuring a portrait of Austen.Below her portrait is printed her favorite quote: “I declare after allthere is no enjoyment like reading!”

Austen was a woman who “braved the winds and waves” for all of her 42 years.

And when did I begin to cultivate an endless love for Austen? To quote Mr. Darcy from Pride and Prejudice:

I cannot fix on the hour, or the spot, or the look, or the words,which laid the foundation. It is too long ago. I was in the middlebefore I knew that I had begun.

1) humorous adj. 幽默的

2) pseudonym n. 筆名;化名

3) remain v. 保持不變

4) rational adj. 理智的

5) reasonable adj. 不錯(cuò)的;合理的

簡(jiǎn)·奧斯汀是一位英國(guó)小說(shuō)家。她于1775 年出生在英國(guó)的斯蒂文頓,是一位牧師的女兒。奧斯汀的小說(shuō)以幽默的文字和巧妙的構(gòu)思聞名于世。在她那個(gè)時(shí)代,人們認(rèn)為女性不具備寫(xiě)作能力,因此她的許多小說(shuō)作品都是秘密完成的。奧斯汀設(shè)法用筆名對(duì)她父親和其他詆毀者隱瞞了她的寫(xiě)作秘密。但無(wú)論出于什么原因,她從不用男人的名字,而只用筆名“一位女士”發(fā)表她那不可思議的故事。

簡(jiǎn)·奧斯汀于1817 年去世。200 多年來(lái),她一直被認(rèn)為是女性作家的先驅(qū),她的小說(shuō)也一直屬于有史以來(lái)最著名和最受人喜愛(ài)的書(shū)籍之列。

簡(jiǎn)·奧斯汀被認(rèn)為是賦予小說(shuō)鮮明現(xiàn)代特征的第一人。她是第一位在書(shū)中談?wù)撈胀ㄈ撕腿粘I畹淖骷?。她一生出版了四部小說(shuō):《理智與情感》(1811)、《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》(1813)、《曼斯菲爾德莊園》(1814)和《愛(ài)瑪》(1815)。在這些書(shū)以及《勸導(dǎo)》(1817 年,去世后出版)和《諾桑覺(jué)寺》(1817 年,去世后出版)中,她生動(dòng)地描繪了19 世紀(jì)初英國(guó)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的生活。通過(guò)作品中的愛(ài)情故事,簡(jiǎn)·奧斯汀表達(dá)了一種理性的婚姻觀:沒(méi)有愛(ài)情,為了地位和金錢(qián)而結(jié)婚是錯(cuò)誤的。沒(méi)有一定經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)的婚姻是愚蠢的。愛(ài)情和財(cái)富與幸福有很大關(guān)系。簡(jiǎn)·奧斯汀強(qiáng)調(diào),在幸福的婚姻中,雙方應(yīng)該相互理解與尊重,這也反映了當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)中女性對(duì)平等和獨(dú)立的追求。

此外,在《勸導(dǎo)》中,奧斯汀寫(xiě)道:“我討厭你把所有的女性都視為溫柔嫻靜的淑女,而不是有思想、有理智的人。我們沒(méi)人愿意一輩子活在風(fēng)平浪靜之中?!痹凇吨Z桑覺(jué)寺》中,奧斯汀還寫(xiě)道:“如果我不能被說(shuō)服去做我認(rèn)為錯(cuò)誤的事情,我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)被欺騙?!焙苊黠@,奧斯汀希望在她的生活中能感受到當(dāng)時(shí)傳統(tǒng)的生活方式無(wú)法帶給她的激動(dòng)和智慧。

每年的9 月8 日至17 日,在英國(guó)的巴斯市,有一個(gè)特殊的節(jié)日。人們穿著漂亮的衣服,舉行音樂(lè)會(huì)和舞會(huì)。他們?cè)趹c祝簡(jiǎn)·奧斯汀節(jié)。

2017 年7 月18 日,在奧斯汀逝世200 周年前夕,英格蘭銀行發(fā)行了新版10 英鎊紙幣,上面印有奧斯汀的肖像。在她的肖像下面印著她最喜歡的一句話:“我要說(shuō),還真沒(méi)有比閱讀更讓人享受的事了!”

奧斯汀在她42 年的人生歲月里,一直都是一位“乘風(fēng)破浪”的女性。

至于我是什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始這樣深沉地愛(ài)上奧斯汀的呢?這個(gè)問(wèn)題,我要引用《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》中達(dá)西的話來(lái)回答:

我不能確定是從何時(shí)、何地開(kāi)始愛(ài)上你的,或是你的風(fēng)姿或是你的哪些話埋下的種子。那是太久以前的事情了。等我意識(shí)到的時(shí)候,我早已深陷其中,無(wú)法自拔了。

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