唐梓涵 袁煒?biāo)谩菨蓮?qiáng) 張粵烽 詹涵 王琛瑤 李恩民 陳滋凱 周飛
摘 要:為了揭示SDC4基因在結(jié)腸癌中的功能及其表達(dá)調(diào)控機(jī)制.通過GEPIA2、Ualcan與Oncolnc等數(shù)據(jù)庫研究分析SDC4基因在結(jié)腸癌的表達(dá)及其對(duì)患者總生存期的影響.通過Wanderer、UCSC、Cistrome DB、miRcode和miRDB等數(shù)據(jù)庫研究分析結(jié)腸癌SDC4基因啟動(dòng)子區(qū)的甲基化、組蛋白修飾,調(diào)控其表達(dá)的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子和miRNAs.通過GEPIA2、Ualcan、HCMdb與DAVID等數(shù)據(jù)庫研究分析在結(jié)腸癌中與SDC4基因共表達(dá)的基因及其生物學(xué)作用.基于以上生物信息學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)庫,研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在結(jié)腸癌中:SDC4基因的表達(dá)水平顯著增高,并與腫瘤組織分期、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移正相關(guān),與患者預(yù)后負(fù)相關(guān).SDC4基因啟動(dòng)子區(qū)的甲基化水平顯著升高,轉(zhuǎn)錄激活性組蛋白修飾H3K4Me1與H3K27Ac顯著富集.SP1、TEAD4、JUND、FOSL1、NR1H3、PPARG、SRF、TFAP4共8個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子可能調(diào)控SDC4基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄表達(dá).與此同時(shí)hsa-miR-194和hsa-miR-124也可能調(diào)控SDC4基因表達(dá).hsa-miR-194和hsa-miR-124的表達(dá)下調(diào).SERINC3、DNTTIP1、ATP9A、CHMP4B、BCL2L1、STAU1、SYS1、YWHAB、OSBPL2、SLC35C2、TM9SF4與SDC4基因共表達(dá).SDC4基因可能參與調(diào)控結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞凋亡、細(xì)胞通訊、物質(zhì)運(yùn)輸與定位等生物學(xué)過程.基于生物信息學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)庫研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)果,為進(jìn)一步闡明SDC4基因在結(jié)腸癌中的功能及其表達(dá)調(diào)控機(jī)制提供重要的線索.
關(guān)鍵詞:生物信息學(xué);結(jié)腸癌;SDC4;表達(dá)調(diào)控機(jī)制
中圖分類號(hào):R 735.3 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1007-6883(2023)03-0013-11
DOI:10.19986/j.cnki.1007-6883.2023.03.003
SDC4蛋白質(zhì)是一種跨膜(I型)硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖,包含胞外結(jié)構(gòu)域(N端)、跨膜結(jié)構(gòu)域和胞質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)域(C端)[1].SDC4蛋白質(zhì)常作為受體分子,通過其胞外結(jié)構(gòu)域,與細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)成分(如纖連蛋白)、生長(zhǎng)因子(如FGF、PDGF、VEGF)、細(xì)胞因子(如MCP-1、CXCL12)等相互作用,傳遞細(xì)胞外信號(hào)[1-3].SDC4蛋白質(zhì)的胞質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)域能結(jié)合磷脂酰肌醇4,5-二磷酸(PIP2),繼而激活 PKCα信號(hào)通路[1].SDC4蛋白質(zhì)還能激活MAPK、ERK、Wnt/β-catenin信號(hào)通路[4-6].這些分子功能表明SDC4蛋白質(zhì)具有重要的細(xì)胞生物學(xué)作用.據(jù)報(bào)道:SDC4蛋白質(zhì)能調(diào)控細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)、粘附、移動(dòng)、侵襲,上皮-間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化(EMT)等與腫瘤進(jìn)展密切相關(guān)的細(xì)胞生物學(xué)過程[1,6].而且,SDC4基因在肝癌、腎癌、雌激素受體陰性的乳腺癌、黑色素瘤、膠質(zhì)瘤中高表達(dá)[7].但是,腫瘤細(xì)胞SDC4基因的表達(dá)調(diào)控機(jī)制,知之甚少[7].
基因轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控是基因表達(dá)調(diào)控的重要環(huán)節(jié).DNA甲基化、組蛋白修飾、轉(zhuǎn)錄因子在基因轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控中起重要作用[8-10].DNA甲基化是一種發(fā)生在胞嘧啶-鳥嘌呤二核苷(CpGs)的化學(xué)修飾[9-10].在腫瘤中,基因啟動(dòng)子的DNA甲基化水平,往往與其轉(zhuǎn)錄活性負(fù)相關(guān)[9].組蛋白修飾類型很多,不同類型的組蛋白修飾對(duì)基因表達(dá)調(diào)控的作用不同,有的抑制基因表達(dá),也有的促進(jìn)基因表達(dá)[9-10].其中H3K4me1與H3K27Ac被認(rèn)為是基因轉(zhuǎn)錄激活標(biāo)記,占據(jù)染色質(zhì)中轉(zhuǎn)錄活躍的基因區(qū)域,通常與基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄激活正相關(guān)[9-11].轉(zhuǎn)錄因子與基因啟動(dòng)子區(qū)特異DNA序列結(jié)合,調(diào)節(jié)基因?qū)NA聚合酶的招募作用,既可上調(diào)基因表達(dá),也可下調(diào)基因表達(dá)[12].MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是一類小的非編碼RNA,在轉(zhuǎn)錄后水平調(diào)控基因表達(dá),通過與靶基因mRNA完全或不完全互補(bǔ)配對(duì),引起mRNA降解或翻譯阻遏[13].
結(jié)腸癌是常見的消化道惡性腫瘤,嚴(yán)重威脅人民健康.我國結(jié)腸癌發(fā)病率和死亡率逐年升高.2015年我國結(jié)腸癌新發(fā)病例38.8萬,死亡病例18.7萬[14].據(jù)報(bào)道,SDC4蛋白質(zhì)在結(jié)腸癌的腫瘤細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)前緣高表達(dá)[11].而且SDC4蛋白質(zhì)高表達(dá)與結(jié)腸癌進(jìn)展性病理特征顯著正相關(guān),對(duì)患者生存率不利[11].然而SDC4基因在結(jié)腸癌中的表達(dá)調(diào)控機(jī)制與作用,至今尚不清楚.為此,本研究基于多種生物信息學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)庫,研究分析SDC4基因在結(jié)腸癌中的表達(dá)調(diào)控機(jī)制及其作用,為進(jìn)一步闡明SDC4基因在結(jié)直腸癌發(fā)生發(fā)展中的生物學(xué)功能奠定基礎(chǔ).
1 材料與方法
1.1 結(jié)腸癌SDC4基因的表達(dá)水平
通過GEPIA2數(shù)據(jù)庫(http://gepia2.cancer-pku.cn/)和Ualcan數(shù)據(jù)庫(http://ualcan.path.uab.edu/),研究分析SDC4在人結(jié)腸癌組織及其癌旁正常組織中的表達(dá)情況.(1)GEPIA2數(shù)據(jù)庫的參數(shù)設(shè)置:“gene:SDC4”,“|Log2FC|Cutoff:0.5”,“p-value Cutoff:0.01”,“cancer name:COAD”,“Log Scale:Yes”,“Jitter Size:0.4”,“Matched Normal data:Match TCGA normal data Plot”.(2)Ualcan數(shù)據(jù)庫參數(shù)設(shè)置:“Scan by gene:SDC4”,“TCGA dataset:Colon adenocarcinoma”,“SDC4 expression based on:Sample types/Individual cancer stages/Nodal Metastasis status”.
1.2 結(jié)腸癌SDC4基因表達(dá)水平對(duì)患者生存率的影響
通過OncoLnc數(shù)據(jù)庫(http://www.oncolnc.org/)、GEPIA2數(shù)據(jù)庫,研究分析結(jié)腸癌SDC4基因表達(dá)水平對(duì)患者生存期的影響.Oncolnc數(shù)據(jù)庫的參數(shù)設(shè)置如下,“gene:SDC4”,“cancer:COAD”,“high:50,low:50”.GEPIA2數(shù)據(jù)庫的參數(shù)設(shè)置如下,“gene:SDC4”,“methods:overall survival”,“group cutoff:median”,“hazards ratio:NO”,“95%confidence interval:NO”.
1.3 結(jié)腸癌SDC4基因的甲基化修飾水平
通過Wanderer在線服務(wù)器(http://maplab.imppc.org/wanderer/),研究分析結(jié)腸癌組織及其癌旁正常組織細(xì)胞SDC4基因啟動(dòng)子區(qū)(Chr20:43977064-43979064;GRCh37/hg19)的甲基化水平.參數(shù)設(shè)置如下,“Gene Symbol:SDC4”,“Project:Colon adenocarcinoma”,“Data Type:450K Methylation array”,“Specify a region:Start=43977064;End=43979064”.
1.4 結(jié)腸癌SDC4基因的組蛋白修飾水平
利用數(shù)據(jù)庫UCSC Genome Browser(http://www.genome.ucsc.edu/),研究分析SDC4基因的組蛋白修飾情況.方法如下,選擇參考基因組Human GRCh38/hg38,并用Track search工具檢索結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞(HCT-116)SDC4基因的基因區(qū)內(nèi)H3K4me1、H3K27ac修飾情況.通過Zoom in/out工具調(diào)整窗口大小.通過Vertical viewing range工具設(shè)置圖形縱坐標(biāo)的最小值與最大值.
1.5 結(jié)腸癌中調(diào)控SDC4基因表達(dá)的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子
通過Cistrome DB數(shù)據(jù)庫(http://cistrome.org/db/#/)的在線工具,研究分析在結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞中調(diào)控SDC4基因表達(dá)的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子.具體參數(shù)如下,“Species:Human hg38”,“Data type in Cistrome:Transcription factor, chromatin regulator”,“Gene or transcript:SDC4”,“The half-decay distance to transcription start site:10 kb”.同時(shí)設(shè)置,Regulatory Potential分值大于0.6.
1.6 結(jié)腸癌中調(diào)控SDC4基因的miRNA
通過miRcode在線分析工具(http://www.mircode.org/)、miRDB數(shù)據(jù)庫(http://mirdb.org/)和TargetScan數(shù)據(jù)庫(http://www.targetscan.org/vert_80/)預(yù)測(cè)調(diào)控SDC4基因表達(dá)的miRNAs.利用Jvenn數(shù)據(jù)庫(http://jvenn.toulouse.inra.fr/app/example.html),分析它們共同預(yù)測(cè)的miRNAs.利用miRCancer數(shù)據(jù)庫(http://mircancer.ecu.edu/index.jsp)檢索調(diào)控SDC4的miRNAs在結(jié)腸癌中的表達(dá)情況.
1.7 結(jié)腸癌中SDC4基因的生物學(xué)作用
通過GEPIA2數(shù)據(jù)庫、Ualcan數(shù)據(jù)庫與HCMdb數(shù)據(jù)庫(http://hcmdb.i-sanger.com/index),研究分析在結(jié)腸癌中與SDC4基因共表達(dá)的基因.研究分析時(shí),設(shè)置這三個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫的皮爾森相關(guān)系數(shù)≥0.5.在利用HCMdb數(shù)據(jù)庫研究分析時(shí),選擇其收錄的EXP00421項(xiàng)目數(shù)據(jù).因?yàn)镋XP00421項(xiàng)目檢測(cè)的結(jié)腸癌臨床樣本最多,為453例.通過DAVID數(shù)據(jù)庫對(duì)SDC4基因及與其共表達(dá)的基因進(jìn)行GO注釋,從而分析SDC4基因的生物學(xué)作用.參數(shù)設(shè)置,[p<0.05],[Count<2].
2 結(jié)果與分析
2.1 結(jié)腸癌組織SDC4基因的表達(dá)水平
GEPIA2數(shù)據(jù)庫顯示,與相應(yīng)的癌旁正常組織相比,SDC4基因在結(jié)腸癌組織中的表達(dá)水平顯著增高.而且Ualcan數(shù)據(jù)庫,也證實(shí)了此分析結(jié)果(圖1A和圖1B).本研究進(jìn)一步分析發(fā)現(xiàn),SDC4基因的表達(dá)水平,在癌旁正常組織、I期~Ⅳ期結(jié)腸癌組織中逐漸升高,在發(fā)生淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的結(jié)腸癌中顯著增高(與無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的結(jié)腸癌或癌旁正常組織相比)(圖1C和圖1D).這些證據(jù)表明,SDC4基因表達(dá)可能與結(jié)腸癌的組織分期和淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移正相關(guān)
2.2 結(jié)腸癌SDC4表達(dá)水平與患者生存率的關(guān)系
通過Oncolnc數(shù)據(jù)庫,研究分析SDC4基因表達(dá)水平對(duì)結(jié)腸癌患者總生存率的影響.結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),SDC4基因高表達(dá)的患者總生存率顯著較低(圖2A).為了驗(yàn)證此結(jié)果,本研究又通過GEPIA2數(shù)據(jù)庫,分析SDC4基因表達(dá)水平與結(jié)腸癌患者總生存期的關(guān)系.其分析結(jié)果,也表明SDC4基因高表達(dá)對(duì)結(jié)腸癌患者預(yù)后不利(圖2B).
2.3 結(jié)腸癌SDC4基因的甲基化修飾水平
本研究認(rèn)為SDC4基因轉(zhuǎn)錄起始位點(diǎn)上游2000 bp為其啟動(dòng)子區(qū)域(Chr20:43977064-43979064,GRCh37/hg19).UCSC基因組瀏覽器顯示SDC4基因的啟動(dòng)子及與其相鄰的基因組區(qū)域(chr20:43976534-43977242;GRCh37/hg19)中有一個(gè)長(zhǎng)為709 bp的CpG島,島內(nèi)包含69個(gè)CpG.Wanderer數(shù)據(jù)庫顯示SDC4基因啟動(dòng)子區(qū)中存在6個(gè)甲基化位點(diǎn),其中4個(gè)位于此CpG島的3'端區(qū)域,2個(gè)位于CpG島下游.與癌旁正常組織相比,其中2個(gè)位點(diǎn)(cg16155498與cg19433118)的甲基化水平在結(jié)腸癌中顯著升高(圖3).
2.4 結(jié)腸癌SDC4基因的組蛋白修飾情況
利用UCSC數(shù)據(jù)庫,研究分析SDC4基因在結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞(HCT-116)內(nèi)的組蛋白修飾情況.結(jié)果表明,轉(zhuǎn)錄激活相關(guān)的H3K4Me1與H3K27Ac顯著富集于SDC4基因的啟動(dòng)子區(qū)域與第一內(nèi)含子(圖4).此結(jié)果表明,組蛋白修飾可能對(duì)結(jié)腸癌SDC4基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄表達(dá)起重要調(diào)控作用.
2.5 調(diào)控結(jié)腸癌SDC4基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子
通過Cistrome DB數(shù)據(jù)庫的在線工具,分析在結(jié)腸癌中調(diào)控SDC4基因表達(dá)的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子.結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),ChIP-Seq或ChIRP-Seq實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示在結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞(HCT-116、HT29、V852或SNU175)中,SP1、TEAD4、JUND、FOSL1、NR1H3、PPARG、SRF與TFAP4共8個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合SDC4基因(圖5A).例如在結(jié)腸癌HCT-116細(xì)胞中,ChIP-Seq實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示SDC4基因的5'端上覆蓋多個(gè)明顯的SP1結(jié)合峰(圖5B).此結(jié)果提示,以上8個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子可能在結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞中調(diào)控SDC4基因表達(dá).
2.6 調(diào)控結(jié)腸癌SDC4基因的miRNA
分別通過miRcode數(shù)據(jù)庫、TargetScan數(shù)據(jù)庫和miRDB數(shù)據(jù)庫,預(yù)測(cè)能調(diào)控SDC4基因表達(dá)的miRNA.miRcode數(shù)據(jù)庫、TargetScan數(shù)據(jù)庫與miRDB數(shù)據(jù)庫分別發(fā)現(xiàn)能調(diào)控SDC4基因表達(dá)的miRNAs有4個(gè)、4個(gè)與82個(gè).其中這三個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫均發(fā)現(xiàn)hsa-miR-194和hsa-miR-124調(diào)控SDC4基因的表達(dá)(圖6A).本研究進(jìn)一步分析hsa-miR-194和hsa-miR-124在結(jié)腸癌中的表達(dá)情況.結(jié)果顯示,hsa-miR-194和hsa-miR-124在結(jié)腸癌中低表達(dá)(圖6B).
2.7 結(jié)腸癌中SDC4基因的作用
為了研究分析結(jié)腸癌中SDC4基因的作用,本研究首先通過GEPIA2數(shù)據(jù)庫、Ualcan數(shù)據(jù)庫與HCMdb數(shù)據(jù)庫(http://hcmdb.i-sanger.com/index),分析在結(jié)腸癌中與SDC4基因共表達(dá)的基因.為了提高分析結(jié)果的可靠性,本研究認(rèn)為由這三個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫共同分析得到的基因,才是在結(jié)腸癌中與SDC4基因共表達(dá)的基因.GEPIA2數(shù)據(jù)庫、Ualcan數(shù)據(jù)庫與HCMdb數(shù)據(jù)庫分別發(fā)現(xiàn)在結(jié)腸癌中,有49個(gè)、104個(gè)與20個(gè)基因與SDC4基因共表達(dá).其中SERINC3、DNTTIP1、ATP9A、CHMP4B、BCL2L1、STAU1、SYS1、YWHAB、OSBPL2、SLC35C2、TM9SF4這11個(gè)基因由這三個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫共同分析發(fā)現(xiàn)(圖7).本文認(rèn)為這11個(gè)基因在結(jié)腸癌中與SDC4基因共表達(dá).換句話說,本研究分析發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)結(jié)腸癌SDC4共表達(dá)基因集.接著,為了研究分析結(jié)腸癌SDC4基因的生物學(xué)作用.我們通過DAVID數(shù)據(jù)庫對(duì)SDC4共表達(dá)基因集進(jìn)行功能富集分析.結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),這些基因被富集于18個(gè)GO條目,其中包含細(xì)胞凋亡相關(guān)GO條目(GO:0097190;GO:2001233;GO:2001235)、細(xì)胞通訊調(diào)控相關(guān)GO條目(GO:0023056、GO:0010647)、物質(zhì)運(yùn)輸、定位及其調(diào)控相關(guān)GO條目(GO:0044765、GO:0071705、GO:0016192、GO:0071702、GO:0046907、GO:0034613、GO:0060341、GO:1903827、GO:0090150)、細(xì)胞器組裝及調(diào)控相關(guān)GO條目(GO:0033043、GO:0044802、GO:0007009)、病毒參與生物學(xué)過程相關(guān)GO條目(GO:0016032)(圖8).
3 討論
SDC4蛋白質(zhì)能結(jié)合生長(zhǎng)因子、細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)組分、細(xì)胞骨架蛋白,調(diào)控細(xì)胞內(nèi)RAC1活性、PKCα活性、黏著斑激酶磷酸化水平、Ca2+水平,在細(xì)胞骨架重組、細(xì)胞粘附、細(xì)胞移動(dòng)、細(xì)胞增殖、細(xì)胞分裂、細(xì)胞極性形成等生物學(xué)過程中起重要的調(diào)控作用[1].這些SDC4蛋白質(zhì)調(diào)控的細(xì)胞生物學(xué)過程與腫瘤進(jìn)展密切相關(guān).故SDC4蛋白質(zhì)可能參與腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展.據(jù)報(bào)道,SDC4基因在雌激素受體陰性的乳腺癌、膠質(zhì)瘤、肝癌、黑色素瘤、腎癌等惡性腫瘤中高表達(dá)[7].與永生化結(jié)腸細(xì)胞(CCD-18Co)相比,SDC4 mRNA在高轉(zhuǎn)移性的結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞(KM1214、HCT116,KM12SM)中顯著低表達(dá)[15].最近研究表明,SDC4蛋白質(zhì)在結(jié)腸癌癌巢浸潤(rùn)前緣細(xì)胞高表達(dá),特別是在腫瘤芽表達(dá)最強(qiáng)[16].本文發(fā)現(xiàn),SDC4基因的表達(dá)水平與結(jié)腸癌臨床分期和局部淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移正相關(guān)(圖1).SDC4基因高表達(dá)的結(jié)腸癌患者預(yù)后不良(圖2).這些證據(jù)表明,SDC4基因的表達(dá)水平與結(jié)腸癌發(fā)生發(fā)展密切相關(guān).以往發(fā)現(xiàn),缺氧條件能夠誘導(dǎo)結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞上調(diào)SDC4基因表達(dá)[17].靶向抗腫瘤藥物曲妥珠單抗(Trastuzumab)與帕尼單抗(Panitumumab)能夠下調(diào)腫瘤細(xì)胞SDC4基因表達(dá)[7].除此之外,至今SDC4基因在結(jié)腸癌表達(dá)的分子調(diào)控機(jī)制并不清楚.研究闡明腫瘤相關(guān)基因表達(dá)的分子調(diào)控機(jī)制,能為揭示腫瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展病理機(jī)制提供重要線索.為此,本文通過生物信息學(xué)方法,研究分析了結(jié)腸癌中SDC4基因表達(dá)的分子調(diào)控機(jī)制.
本文發(fā)現(xiàn):SDC4基因啟動(dòng)子區(qū)包含6個(gè)甲基化位點(diǎn).其中2個(gè)位點(diǎn)的甲基化水平在結(jié)腸癌組織顯著升高(圖3).H3K4Me1與H3K27Ac在SDC4基因的啟動(dòng)子區(qū)、第一內(nèi)含子顯著富集(圖4).SP1等共8個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子在結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞中調(diào)控SDC4基因表達(dá)(圖5).hsa-miR-194和hsa-miR-124調(diào)控SDC4基因的表達(dá)(圖6).一般來說,基因的啟動(dòng)子甲基化水平與其表達(dá)水平負(fù)相關(guān)[9].miRNA下調(diào)其靶基因的表達(dá)[13].H3K4me1、H3K27Ac與基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄激活正相關(guān)[9-11].轉(zhuǎn)錄因子既可上調(diào)基因表達(dá),也可下調(diào)基因表達(dá)[12].本文發(fā)現(xiàn),SDC4是hsa-miR-194和hsa-miR-124的靶基因.而hsa-miR-194和hsa-miR-124在結(jié)腸癌中低表達(dá)(圖6B).因此,結(jié)腸癌中hsa-miR-194和hsa-miR-124的表達(dá)下調(diào),對(duì)維持SDC4基因的高表達(dá)有利.此外,結(jié)腸癌中SDC4基因啟動(dòng)子區(qū)組蛋白修飾(H3K4Me1、H3K27Ac)顯著富集,也對(duì)維持SDC4基因高表達(dá)有利.然而,結(jié)腸癌中SDC4基因啟動(dòng)子區(qū)甲基化水平上調(diào),卻對(duì)維持SDC4基因高表達(dá)不利.本文既發(fā)現(xiàn)了對(duì)結(jié)腸癌SDC4基因高表達(dá)的不利因素,又發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)其有利的因素.這表明結(jié)腸癌SDC4基因表達(dá)的分子調(diào)控機(jī)制十分復(fù)雜.甲基化、轉(zhuǎn)錄因子、組蛋白修飾、miRNAs均與結(jié)腸癌SDC4基因表達(dá)調(diào)控有關(guān).在結(jié)腸癌中,這些調(diào)控因素可能以某種方式嚴(yán)密組合、相互作用,共同決定SDC4基因的表達(dá).
據(jù)報(bào)道,腫瘤細(xì)胞內(nèi)共表達(dá)的基因之間具有緊密相關(guān)的生物學(xué)功能[18-20].為了探索SDC4基因在結(jié)腸癌發(fā)生發(fā)展中的作用.本文發(fā)現(xiàn),SERINC3、DNTTIP1、ATP9A、CHMP4B、BCL2L1、STAU1、SYS1、YWHAB、OSBPL2、SLC35C2、TM9SF4共11個(gè)基因在結(jié)腸癌中與SDC4基因共表達(dá)(圖7).基因功能富集分析發(fā)現(xiàn),這些基因參與18個(gè)生物學(xué)過程,其中包含3個(gè)細(xì)胞凋亡相關(guān)GO條目(圖8).失巢凋亡是由于細(xì)胞與細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)失去接觸,而誘導(dǎo)的一種特殊的程序化細(xì)胞死亡形式[21-22].腫瘤細(xì)胞具有抗失巢凋亡的能力[23].據(jù)報(bào)道,在耐受失巢凋亡的模型細(xì)胞中,SDC4基因表達(dá)上調(diào).敲低SDC4基因的表達(dá),導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞增殖、侵襲和血管生成的能力下降[21-22].還發(fā)現(xiàn),下調(diào)SDC4基因表達(dá),可通過抑制Wnt/beta catenin信號(hào)通路的激活,促進(jìn)甲狀腺癌細(xì)胞凋亡[6].本文發(fā)現(xiàn)YWHAB、SERINC3、BCL2L1等3個(gè)與SDC4共表達(dá)的基因,被聚類于細(xì)胞凋亡相關(guān)的GO條目.這一發(fā)現(xiàn)為今后研究SDC4調(diào)控細(xì)胞凋亡的分子機(jī)制提供新線索.本文還發(fā)現(xiàn),SDC4基因參與調(diào)控細(xì)胞通訊等生物學(xué)過程.這與已經(jīng)報(bào)道的SDC4基因的生物學(xué)功能一致.本文還發(fā)現(xiàn),SDC4基因可能參與病毒的傳播、致病等病毒參與的生物學(xué)過程(GO:0016032).這是尚未報(bào)道的新發(fā)現(xiàn),可能為研究拓展SDC4基因新的生物學(xué)功能提供線索.總之,本研究采用生物信息學(xué)方法揭示結(jié)腸癌SDC4基因高表達(dá)的分子調(diào)控機(jī)制與作用,為深入研究揭示結(jié)腸癌發(fā)生發(fā)展的病理機(jī)制奠定基礎(chǔ).
4 結(jié)論
本研究采用多種生物信息學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)庫研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在結(jié)腸癌中:SDC4基因高表達(dá),而且其表達(dá)水平與腫瘤組織分期、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移正相關(guān),與患者預(yù)后負(fù)相關(guān).SDC4基因的表達(dá)可能被甲基化,組蛋白修飾(H3K4Me1與H3K27Ac),轉(zhuǎn)錄因子(SP1、TEAD4、JUND、FOSL1、NR1H3、PPARG、SRF、TFAP4),miRNAs(hsa-miR-194和hsa-miR-124)調(diào)控.SDC4基因通過其共表達(dá)基因參與結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞凋亡、細(xì)胞通訊、物質(zhì)運(yùn)輸與定位等生物學(xué)過程.本研究為進(jìn)一步闡明結(jié)腸癌SDC4基因表達(dá)調(diào)控機(jī)制與作用提供重要的新線索.
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The Study on the Expression Regulation Mechanism
and the Role of SDC4 Gene in Colon Cancer
Based on Bioinformatics Databases
TANG Zi-han1, YUAN Wei-si2, WU Ze-qiang1, ZHANG Yue-feng1, ZHAN Han1, WANG Chen-yao3, LI En-ming3, CHEN Zi-kai1, ZHOU Fei1*
(1. College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong, 521041; 2. Department of Colorectal and Anorectal Surgery, Chaozhou Central Hospital, Chaozhou, Guangdong, 521041; 3. Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041)
Abstract:To investigate the expression regulation mechanism and the role of SDC4 gene in colon cancer, GEPIA2 database, Ualcan database and Oncolnc database were used to study the expression of SDC4 gene in colon cancer and its effect on overall survival of the patients. Wanderer database, UCSC database, Cistrome DB database, miRcode database and miRDB database were used to study methylation and histone modification of the promoter region of SDC4 gene, and transcription factors and miRNAs for regulating the gene expression. GEPIA2 database, Ualcan database, HCMdb database and DAVID database were used to analyze genes co-expressed with SDC4 gene and the biological processes where these gene were involved in the colon cancer. The following results were found in colon cancer through the usage of the above bioinformatics database: The expression of SDC4 gene was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues, and was positively correlated with tissue stage and lymph node metastasis, and negatively correlated with prognosis of patients in colon cancer. The methylation level of SDC4 gene promoter region was elevated in colon cancer. Histone modifications in transcriptional activation of H3K4Me1 and H3K27Ac were significantly enriched in the promoter of the SDC4 gene. A total of 8 transcription factors including SP1, TEAD4, JUND, FOSL1, NR1H3, PPARG, SRF, and TFAP4 might transcriptionally regulate the expression of SDC4 gene in colon cancer. Meanwhile, hsa-miR-194 and hsa-miR-124 might also regulate SDC4 gene expression. The expression of hsa-miR-194 and the expression of hsa-miR-124 were down-regulated in colon cancer. A total of 11 genes, namely SERINC3, DNTTIP1, ATP9A, CHMP4B, BCL2L1, STAU1, SYS1, YWHAB, OSBPL2, SLC35C2, and TM9SF4 were co-expressed with SDC4 gene in colon cancer. SDC4 gene was possibly involved in the regulation of biological processes such as apoptosis, cell communication, material transport and localization in colon cancer cells. The findings based on the bioinformatics database can provide important clues for further elucidating the regulatory mechanism and role of SDC4 gene expression in colon cancer.
Key words:bioinformatics; colon cancer; SDC4; expression regulation mechanism
責(zé)任編輯 周春娟
收稿日期:2022-09-28
基金項(xiàng)目:廣東省科技創(chuàng)新戰(zhàn)略專項(xiàng)資金(大學(xué)生科技創(chuàng)新培育)項(xiàng)目(項(xiàng)目編號(hào):PDJH2023B0342);韓山師范學(xué)院教育教學(xué)改革項(xiàng)目(項(xiàng)目編號(hào):粵韓師教[2021]148號(hào));韓山師范學(xué)院科研項(xiàng)目(項(xiàng)目編號(hào):XPY202106);廣東省教育廳科研項(xiàng)目(項(xiàng)目編號(hào):2021ZDZX2066).
作者簡(jiǎn)介:唐梓涵(1999-),男,廣東汕頭人,韓山師范學(xué)院生命科學(xué)與食品工程學(xué)院2020級(jí)學(xué)生.周飛為通訊作者.