文/卓鵬偉
“秋空雁度青天遠,疏樹蟬嘶白露寒”。進入秋季,氣溫下降,空氣濕度相對較低,此時也是鼻炎高發(fā)的季節(jié),發(fā)病后出現(xiàn)頭痛鼻塞、鼻流濁涕、嗅覺遲鈍等癥狀。
In the fall, especially during White Dew, the wild geese fly away, the leaves on the trees become fewer and fewer, the cicadas sound weaker, and the frosty seasonal chill sets in. Into the fall, the temperature declines, the air humidity is relatively low. It is also the season of high incidence of rhinitis. There will be headache; nasal congestion; turbid nasal discharge; dull sense of smell and other symptoms.
據(jù)傳,古時候有一位秦姓舉人患鼻病多年,四處求治無果。某日,秦舉人在一處夷人居住的地方,得到一位白發(fā)老翁指點,用一種紫紅色、毛筆頭狀的草藥花苞與雞蛋同煮、吃蛋喝湯,用以治病。半個月后,秦舉人的鼻病神奇痊愈,高興之余,他將草藥種子帶回種植,并將長出的花苞贈送病友使用,因此造福一方。此后每當有人問及花苞的名稱,秦舉人以草藥產(chǎn)自夷地為由,答曰“辛夷花”。
According to legend, in ancient times, there was a provincial graduate with the surname Qin who suffered from nasal disease for many years, and sought treatment everywhere but failed. One day,in a place inhabited by barbarians, Mr. Qin was instructed by a white-haired old man to use the buds of a purplish-red, brush-tip shaped herb to cook with eggs, eat the eggs and drink the soup in order to cure his illness. Half a month later, Qin's nasal disease was miraculously cured. In his joy, he brought back the seeds of the herbs for planting and gave the buds to his fellow patients, thus benefiting everyone nearby.Since then, whenever someone asked about the name of the flower buds, Qin named the herb after the place where he found it and called it "Xinyi flowers"(Magnolia Liliflora Desr.).
鑒于辛夷花具有顯著的通利鼻竅作用,后人便用它作為主藥,配合若干疏風、散寒、除濕藥物,組成傳世名方辛夷散,被宋代中醫(yī)典籍《濟生方》收錄。
In view of the significant effect of Magnolia Liliflora Desr on the nasal orifices, later generations used it as the main drug, together with herbs of dispelling wind; cold and dampness to develop a famous heirloom prescription of “Xinyi San”,which was included in the Song Dynasty Chinese medical textbook "Jisheng Fang".
辛夷散由10味藥組成,辛夷、細辛、藁本、升麻、川芎、木通、防風、羌活、甘草、白芷。其中,辛夷花疏散風寒通鼻竅,為君藥;白芷辛溫散寒,羌活、藁本祛風行督脈達巔頂,為臣藥;防風透達,川芎、升麻活血行氣,木通瀉穢濁,為佐藥;輔以甘草調(diào)和,以緩諸藥辛散之性,為使藥。諸藥合用,具有疏散風寒,泄?jié)嵬ǜ[的功效。
''Xinyi San'' consists of 10 herbs, including Magnolia Liliflora Desr.; Herba Asari;Conioselinum anthriscoides; Rhizoma Cimicifugae; Rhizoma Chuanxiong; Caulis Akebiae; Saposhnikoviae Radix; Notopterygium incisum; Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch and Angelicae Dahuricae Radix. Among them,Magnolia Liliflora Desr. dispels wind cold and clear the nasal passages so it is regarded as the monarch medicine. Angelicae Dahuricae Radix tastes pungent and warm and dispels cold, Notopterygium incisum and Conioselinum anthriscoides dispel the wind and move along the Governor Vessel to the summit. The three herbs are regarded as the minister medicine.Saposhnikoviae Radix clears the nasal passages while Rhizoma Chuanxiong and Rhizoma Cimicifugae activate blood circulation andqiflow. Caulis Akebiae helps defecation. The four herbs are regarded as the assistant medicine.Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch moderates the pungent and dispersive nature of the herbs and it is regarded as the guide medicine. The combination of these herbs has the efficacy of dispersing wind-cold, draining turbidity and helping defecation.
在現(xiàn)代臨床,辛夷散被廣泛應用于鼻息肉、過敏性鼻炎、急慢性鼻炎、鼻竇炎、副鼻竇炎等病癥。
In modern clinical practice, ''Xinyi San'' is widely used for nasal polyps, allergic rhinitis,acute and chronic rhinitis, sinusitis, paranasal sinusitis and other symptoms.
在中醫(yī)理論中,肺屬金、肝屬木,肺主宣降氣機,肝主疏泄氣機。鼻病日久,人體肺氣郁閉,過度克制肝木,則肝氣運行受到阻滯。因此疏通氣機是治療的關鍵。
In TCM theory, the lung attributes to gold element while the liver attributes to wood element. The lung is in charge ofqimovement while the liver is in charge of draining theqi.When nasal disease lasts for a long time, the lung-qiwill be depressed and closed, excessively restraining the liver-wood. As a result, the operation of liver-qiis blocked. Therefore,dredgingqimovement is the key to treatment.
辛夷散的組方配伍體現(xiàn)了疏通肺肝氣機以恢復金木相克關系平衡的五行玄機——辛夷、白芷入肺經(jīng),辛散利肺氣,溫宣通鼻竅;佐藥防風可宣通肝氣,川芎走厥陰肝經(jīng)、行氣活血,二者皆可調(diào)暢肝氣,疏泄體內(nèi)廢濁之物。通過宣通肺氣、疏泄肝氣,使人體金木相克關系重新獲得平衡,達到治病目的。
The formula of ''Xinyi San'' embodies the Five Elements mechanism of dredging the lung-qiand liver-qito restore the balance between element of gold and wood. Magnolia Liliflora Desr.and Angelicae Dahuricae Radix enter the lung meridian. The pungent of the two herbs promote air flow in the lung and clear the nasal passages.The assistant medicine of Saposhnikoviae Radix promotes movement of liver-qiand Rhizoma Chuanxiong goes to the syncopated yin liver meridian, which is active in promotingqiand blood circulation. The two herbs regulate the liver-qi, and remove the wastes and turbid substances in the body. By promoting movement of lung-qiand draining liver-qi, there will be rebalance between element of gold and wood in the human body, which will achieve the purpose of curing diseases.
“治上焦如羽,非輕不舉”,辛夷散的標準密碼在于“散風通竅”四個字,并在疏通肺肝氣機的同時,輔以藥物加強肺部能力,從而達到治療鼻炎的目的。需要注意的是,陰虛火炎者,雖見鼻竅不通,亦忌用本品。
The treatment of the upper-jiao is like a feather and never overdose. The standard code of ''Xinyi San'' lies in the words of ''dispersing wind and opening the orifices". Rhinitis is treated by promoting the movement ofqiin the lung and liver and strengthening lung by supplement of medicines. It should be noted that this prescription is contraindicated in cases of yin deficiency and heat inflammation, even if the nasal orifices are blocked.