国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

設(shè)施蔬菜LED補(bǔ)光技術(shù)研究進(jìn)展

2024-02-22 00:00:00馬艷肖林剛喻晨郭兆峰曹新偉
新疆農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué) 2024年11期
關(guān)鍵詞:光照強(qiáng)度設(shè)施蔬菜光周期

摘"要:【目的】""匯總分析國內(nèi)外蔬菜LED補(bǔ)光技術(shù)研究現(xiàn)狀和進(jìn)展,為LED補(bǔ)光技術(shù)在我國設(shè)施蔬菜高效生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用提供理論依據(jù)。

【方法】""收集查閱國內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)資料,整理匯總并進(jìn)行分析。

【結(jié)果】""LED光源是設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的理想光源,適宜的光配方(光質(zhì)、光照強(qiáng)度、光照時(shí)間以及日累計(jì)光照量)可顯著提升設(shè)施蔬菜幼苗干物質(zhì)量和壯苗指數(shù)。長季節(jié)栽培頂部和株間補(bǔ)光可改善冠層光分布,增強(qiáng)植株整體光合作用。通過將補(bǔ)光方式與栽培環(huán)境參數(shù)相結(jié)合進(jìn)行光環(huán)境動(dòng)態(tài)精準(zhǔn)調(diào)控實(shí)現(xiàn)設(shè)施蔬菜綠色優(yōu)質(zhì)高效生產(chǎn)有效途徑。

【結(jié)論】""人工補(bǔ)光是改善溫室光照環(huán)境、解決冬季設(shè)施蔬菜生產(chǎn)弱光和光照時(shí)間不足等不利光因素的有效方式,優(yōu)化光配方與蔬菜品種和栽培環(huán)境,可綜合提升設(shè)施蔬菜生產(chǎn)效能。

關(guān)鍵詞:""設(shè)施蔬菜;LED補(bǔ)光;光質(zhì);光照強(qiáng)度;光周期

中圖分類號(hào):"S626.5""""文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:"A""""文章編號(hào):"1001-4330(2024)11-2835-09

0"引 言

【研究意義】2022年我國設(shè)施園藝總面積達(dá)280×104 hm2(4 200多萬畝),占世界設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)總面積的85%以上[1]。設(shè)施蔬菜是我國設(shè)施園藝產(chǎn)業(yè)主栽作物種類(種植面積占81%)[2],光環(huán)境是影響蔬菜生長發(fā)育的重要環(huán)境因子,在促進(jìn)蔬菜作物生長、增加光合效率,提升作物產(chǎn)量方面發(fā)揮至關(guān)重要的作用。日光溫室是我國特有的一種設(shè)施類型[3],設(shè)施內(nèi)由于覆蓋材料、結(jié)構(gòu)等影響,室內(nèi)光照強(qiáng)度大約為露地的30%~70%[4],冬春季節(jié)溫室蔬菜生產(chǎn)需覆蓋保溫被或二道幕以滿足作物對(duì)溫度需求,不利的天氣狀況以及保溫被未能及時(shí)卷起導(dǎo)致設(shè)施內(nèi)長時(shí)間光照強(qiáng)度不足[5-6],易形成苗期徒長苗,開花坐果期蔬菜落花落果,果實(shí)著色不均勻等[7],嚴(yán)重影響蔬菜品質(zhì)和產(chǎn)量。設(shè)施蔬菜冬季生產(chǎn)通過人工補(bǔ)光改善溫室內(nèi)光照環(huán)境,是解決弱光和光照時(shí)間不足等不利光環(huán)境的有效方式。通過對(duì)國內(nèi)外設(shè)施蔬菜LED補(bǔ)光技術(shù)和研究動(dòng)態(tài)進(jìn)行分析,總結(jié)我國設(shè)施蔬菜LED補(bǔ)光技術(shù)最新研究進(jìn)展,對(duì)選擇設(shè)施高效補(bǔ)光方向有實(shí)際意義?!厩叭搜芯窟M(jìn)展】LED(Light Emitting Diode,發(fā)光二極管)作為一種節(jié)能環(huán)保型光源,其具有光質(zhì)和光量精確可調(diào),能耗低、壽命長并且發(fā)熱低(冷光源性)[8],且具防潮性和節(jié)能環(huán)保,作為設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用的理想光源,近幾年在設(shè)施蔬菜補(bǔ)光生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)較多[9-13]。【本研究切入點(diǎn)】當(dāng)前LED補(bǔ)光技術(shù)在設(shè)施蔬菜育苗以及成株期的光配方(補(bǔ)光光質(zhì)、光照強(qiáng)度和補(bǔ)光時(shí)間等)方面已有文獻(xiàn)研究,但是對(duì)于光配方與蔬菜生長環(huán)境以及針對(duì)不同品種蔬菜作物在不同生長階段的光配方動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整策略尚未完全清晰,需綜述分析LED光配方以及日累積光照量對(duì)設(shè)施蔬菜育苗期、成株期作物生理生化反應(yīng)、補(bǔ)光方式(頂部補(bǔ)光和株間補(bǔ)光)以及智能化補(bǔ)光策略的最新進(jìn)展?!緮M解決的關(guān)鍵問題】收集、整理和分析國內(nèi)外設(shè)施蔬菜LED補(bǔ)光技術(shù)研究進(jìn)展,分析當(dāng)前設(shè)施LED補(bǔ)光技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀,為冬春季節(jié)設(shè)施蔬菜光能高效利用提供思路和參考。

1"材料與方法

1.1"材 料

收集和查閱當(dāng)前國內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)和官網(wǎng)相關(guān)設(shè)施蔬菜LED補(bǔ)光技術(shù)研究現(xiàn)狀和進(jìn)展。

1.2"方 法

整理匯總并分析歸類設(shè)施蔬菜育苗期、成株期光配方以及補(bǔ)光策略研究現(xiàn)狀及進(jìn)展。

2"結(jié)果與分析

2.1"設(shè)施人工補(bǔ)光光源比較

研究表明,人工光環(huán)境調(diào)控作為設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的重要組成部分,廣泛應(yīng)用于植物光合補(bǔ)光、菌藻生產(chǎn)及病蟲害防控等領(lǐng)域。當(dāng)前設(shè)施人工補(bǔ)光光源主要有白熾燈、熒光燈[14]、高壓鈉燈[15-16]、金屬鹵化物燈[17]、LED燈[18]等。表1

在中國知網(wǎng)文獻(xiàn)檢索平臺(tái),檢索1987至今以“人工光”為主題的科技文獻(xiàn),共檢索到與農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域相關(guān)的科技論文305篇,其中農(nóng)作物、農(nóng)藝學(xué)、園藝、農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)和農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)科分別為115篇(占37.70%)、86篇(占28.20%)、81篇(占26.56%)、17篇(占5.57%)和6篇(1.97%)。發(fā)文量在2013年以前均在5篇以內(nèi),從2014年(10篇)開始逐年增加,2016年發(fā)文量為最多27篇,“十三五”(2016~2020年)期間發(fā)文量為100篇,占總發(fā)文量的50.50%,該趨勢(shì)與“十三五”期間農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新領(lǐng)域開展農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)環(huán)境及植物本體感知數(shù)據(jù)采集、積累以及動(dòng)植物表型及數(shù)學(xué)建模方法研究等基礎(chǔ)研究方向相匹配[24]。圖1

檢索以“LED”為主題科技文獻(xiàn),共檢索到與農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域相關(guān)的科技論文2 132篇,研究主要集中在LED光源、光合特性、植物工廠、LED光質(zhì)、生長發(fā)育和生理特性、光照強(qiáng)度等方面。圖2

2.2"LED技術(shù)在設(shè)施生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用

研究表明,LED燈可發(fā)出植物生長所需要的單色光光譜[22],并能根據(jù)生產(chǎn)所需實(shí)現(xiàn)波長和光照強(qiáng)度單獨(dú)控制,光能有效利用率達(dá)80%~90%,傳統(tǒng)人工光源光譜范圍與植物實(shí)際所需的紅光(600~700 nm)或藍(lán)光(400~500 nm)相比范圍更大[25]。

2.2.1"LED補(bǔ)光對(duì)蔬菜幼苗生長的影響

研究表明,設(shè)施育苗生產(chǎn)的光環(huán)境調(diào)控主要包括對(duì)光質(zhì)、光照強(qiáng)度和光照周期的調(diào)控,對(duì)蔬菜日累積光照量(Daily Light Integral,DLI)的研究也日益增加[26-29]。

2.2.1.1"LED補(bǔ)光光質(zhì)對(duì)蔬菜幼苗生長的影響

研究表明,光質(zhì)是影響植物生長和發(fā)育的重要因素,光質(zhì)由不同輻射光譜組成,植物主要利用的光譜范圍在200~800 nm,可見光光譜中波長640~660 nm的紅光和430~450 nm藍(lán)光是光合作用主要光源[30]。相對(duì)于光照強(qiáng)度和光照時(shí)間,光質(zhì)對(duì)植物生長發(fā)育的影響更加復(fù)雜。光質(zhì)是通過觸發(fā)基因表達(dá)調(diào)控植物生長發(fā)育的重要轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)信號(hào)[31-33]。藍(lán)光照射上調(diào)乙醇酸氧化酶(Glycolate oxidase, GLO2)和1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶大亞基(Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase large subunit , rbcL)基因表達(dá),紅光照射下調(diào)GLO2和rbcL基因表達(dá),GLO2和rbcL均涉及到光呼吸和卡爾文循環(huán)的平衡調(diào)節(jié)[34]。單色光補(bǔ)充時(shí),紅光有利于植株葉片伸長和葉片葉面積、鮮重增加[35-36],可使黃瓜幼苗真葉數(shù)增多,提高葉片葉綠素相對(duì)含量,并且使番茄幼苗根長增加[37]。而藍(lán)光有抑制葉片擴(kuò)大的作用[38],會(huì)引起黃瓜葉片增厚和卷曲,使番茄植株幼苗株高顯著降低[37]。遠(yuǎn)紅光能夠穿透植物冠層,適當(dāng)增加遠(yuǎn)紅光比例可以提升包括番茄在內(nèi)的植物生長和產(chǎn)量[39]。與補(bǔ)充單色光質(zhì)相比,紅藍(lán)復(fù)合光質(zhì)可顯著提高番茄幼苗干物質(zhì)量、壯苗指數(shù)和凈光合速率[40-41]。圖3

綠光可以逆轉(zhuǎn)紅光或藍(lán)光在生長發(fā)育產(chǎn)生的影響,并且通過觸發(fā)特定基因的表達(dá),增強(qiáng)作物對(duì)生物和非生物脅迫的抗性[37,43]。補(bǔ)充綠光時(shí)能夠上調(diào)光合相關(guān)基因表達(dá)對(duì)維持光合能力具有正向調(diào)控作用[44],藍(lán)光可通過激活質(zhì)膜H+-ATPases刺激氣孔開放,而綠光可以逆轉(zhuǎn)由藍(lán)光介導(dǎo)的氣孔開放[45]。進(jìn)行番茄苗期短期干旱脅迫處理,短期干旱脅迫下,增加綠光可以顯著降低氣孔導(dǎo)度(stomatal conductance,gs),增加原有和瞬時(shí)水分生產(chǎn)效率,同時(shí)增強(qiáng)葉肉導(dǎo)度(mesophyll conductance,gm),保持相對(duì)高的光合能力,并且可下調(diào)SLHA1,SLHA 2和SLHA 4表達(dá),激活SLAREB1-2信號(hào)通路,從而引發(fā)植物抗旱[43]。

2.2.1.2"LED補(bǔ)光光強(qiáng)對(duì)蔬菜幼苗生長的影響

研究表明,日光溫室冬春季節(jié)育苗由于光照強(qiáng)度低,幼苗莖稈瘦弱、株高增加,導(dǎo)致幼苗成苗質(zhì)量不高[46-47]。番茄的光飽和點(diǎn)為1 250 μmol/(m2·s),光補(bǔ)償點(diǎn)為35.7~44.6 μmol/(m2·s),黃瓜生長發(fā)育最適光照強(qiáng)度為600~900 μmol/(m2·s),光強(qiáng)低于100 μmol/(m2·s)則受到弱光脅迫[48]。在黃瓜開花坐果期若連續(xù)3~5 d光量子通量密度在20~100 μmol/(m2·s)范圍內(nèi),弱光環(huán)境會(huì)造成黃瓜落花以及化瓜[49-50]。肖蘇琪[46]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)早春季節(jié)補(bǔ)光強(qiáng)度為100 μmol/(m2·s)及以上時(shí),有利于干物質(zhì)向黃瓜幼苗葉片和根部的分配,不利于向莖部分配,并且不同光強(qiáng)補(bǔ)光處理黃瓜幼苗淀粉含量顯著增加。白天以300 μmol/(m2·s)光照強(qiáng)度連續(xù)照射番茄葉片12 h后,夜間采用白光連續(xù)照射可損傷番茄葉片。與不補(bǔ)光相比,夜間采用150 μmol/(m2·s)光照強(qiáng)度的白光照射可促進(jìn)番茄干物質(zhì)積累,但與300 μmol/(m2·s)補(bǔ)光強(qiáng)度照射時(shí)無顯著差異[51]。"

2.2.1.3"LED補(bǔ)光時(shí)間對(duì)蔬菜幼苗生長的影響

研究表明,王冰華[52]在研究揭苫前后溫室補(bǔ)光對(duì)黃瓜幼苗的影響時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn),揭苫前3 h,或者蓋苫前1 h和3 h補(bǔ)光有利于黃瓜幼苗總?cè)~面積增加,全株干物質(zhì)量的積累。鄔奇等[53]研究表明,隨著補(bǔ)光時(shí)間的延長,番茄幼苗葉片內(nèi)源性玉米素(Zeatin,ZT)和吲哚乙酸(Indole-3-aceticacid,IAA)含量逐漸升高,而在莖中的含量逐漸降低,并且黃瓜幼苗葉面積與葉片IAA含量呈正相關(guān),光周期可能通過調(diào)節(jié)內(nèi)源性玉米素和生長素水平調(diào)控莖、葉面積和根系的生長發(fā)育,并且得出每天16 h光照有利于黃瓜和番茄幼苗根系生長發(fā)育,提高壯苗指數(shù)。

2.2.1.4"LED日累積光照量對(duì)蔬菜幼苗生長的影響"

研究表明,日累積光照量(DLI),是光照強(qiáng)度和光周期的乘積[26]。在人工光型植物工廠進(jìn)行番茄育苗補(bǔ)光試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,適當(dāng)提高DLI可促進(jìn)幼苗生根,提高種苗健壯程度。以R:B為1.2的白紅LED為補(bǔ)光光源,DLI為12.6 mol/(m2·d)(即光強(qiáng)為250 μmol/(m2·s),光照時(shí)間14 h)可作為設(shè)施番茄育苗的光環(huán)境調(diào)控依據(jù)[26]。光照強(qiáng)度和光照周對(duì)人工光型植物工廠水培草莓匍匐莖、子苗生長有交互作用:過高的日累積光照量會(huì)影響草莓子苗生長,可能是與不同草莓品種葉片的光飽和點(diǎn)及生長階段相關(guān),得出DLI為11.5 mol/(m2·d)(光照強(qiáng)度為200 μmol/(m2·s),補(bǔ)光時(shí)間16 h)光照環(huán)境較適宜“紅顏”草莓匍匐莖育苗[54]。光照強(qiáng)度為30 μmol/(m2·s),光周期8 h/d處理的大豆芽苗菜下胚軸總酚類物質(zhì)含量和DPPH自由基清除能力較黑暗培養(yǎng)處理和12 h/d光周期處理的效果顯著更好[55]。采用綠光∶"藍(lán)光∶"紅光1∶"1∶"3光質(zhì),頂部補(bǔ)光光強(qiáng)約為11.16 μmol/(m2·s),補(bǔ)光9 h(08:00~17:00),可以增加日光溫室馬鈴薯微型薯(11~20 g,21~30 g,31~40 g,微型馬鈴薯等級(jí))生產(chǎn)的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量[10]。不同蔬菜作物在不同生長階段對(duì)光照強(qiáng)度和光周期的需求量不同。因此,在進(jìn)行LED補(bǔ)光時(shí)要根據(jù)作物生長的具體環(huán)境制定相適應(yīng)的補(bǔ)光策略以達(dá)到最佳補(bǔ)光效果。

2.2.2"LED補(bǔ)光對(duì)蔬菜成株生長應(yīng)用的影響

研究表明,日光溫室長季節(jié)吊蔓作物(包括荷蘭立架式無土栽培系統(tǒng)),冠層垂直方向光照不均勻,植株中部及中下部光照環(huán)境遠(yuǎn)不如上層,嚴(yán)重影響植株整體光合產(chǎn)物合成和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)[54,56]。研究表明,黃瓜中層葉片所照射到光照強(qiáng)度僅為上層的30%[57]。由于LED具有冷光源性,可將其置于植株冠層下部空間進(jìn)行株間補(bǔ)光或冠層頂部補(bǔ)光,從而改善了冠層光分布,增強(qiáng)植株整體光合作用[39,57],提高番茄地上部總干質(zhì)量,增加10%~20%的作物產(chǎn)量[58],以LED燈為光源在日光溫室番茄[7,59-60]、草莓[9]、黃瓜[29]、甜椒[9,61-62]、甜瓜[4]等作物株間補(bǔ)光的應(yīng)用研究日益增加。番茄生長期、開花期、坐果期使用藍(lán)光或紅光、紅藍(lán)7∶"1以及紅光或紅藍(lán)5∶"1進(jìn)行頂部補(bǔ)光可有效增強(qiáng)番茄光合作用[12]。以紅藍(lán)5∶"1為補(bǔ)光光質(zhì),在冬季日光溫室開棚前3 h和閉棚后3 h進(jìn)行補(bǔ)光(補(bǔ)光6 h),300 μmol/(m2·s)補(bǔ)光光強(qiáng)相較于100 μmol/(m2·s)和200 μmol/(m2·s)更有利于番茄光合色素積累,葉綠素a、類胡蘿卜素、葉綠素(a+b)含量也相對(duì)較高[63],而在早春季節(jié)番茄坐果后-果實(shí)轉(zhuǎn)色期內(nèi)采用葉背補(bǔ)光,揭簾前與蓋簾后以200 μmol/(m2·s)光強(qiáng)補(bǔ)光,番茄果實(shí)可溶性固形物含量、總酸含量、VC含量、番茄紅素和揮發(fā)性物質(zhì)含量較高[54]。采用紅藍(lán)3∶"1進(jìn)行番茄株間補(bǔ)光,當(dāng)補(bǔ)光強(qiáng)度為170 μmol/(m2·s)(燈下30 cm處光照強(qiáng)度),補(bǔ)光16 h(08:00~00:00),補(bǔ)光燈放置于距番茄莖部水平30 cm處的冠層內(nèi)部時(shí),研究發(fā)現(xiàn),株間補(bǔ)光可促進(jìn)果實(shí)成熟,春季(3月11至6月21日)可提前一周成熟,夏季(6月22日至9月23日)可提前兩周成熟[64]。

通過隸屬函數(shù)對(duì)甜瓜不同生育期(幼苗期、伸蔓期和結(jié)果期)生理生長指標(biāo)以及果實(shí)品質(zhì)進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià),得出幼苗期適宜補(bǔ)光7 h,伸蔓期進(jìn)行5 h可促進(jìn)植株生長,結(jié)果期補(bǔ)光1h(光照強(qiáng)度約為695.6~724.6 μmol/(m2·s))甜瓜果實(shí)品質(zhì)最佳,產(chǎn)量也最高[4]。

2.2.3"設(shè)施蔬菜LED補(bǔ)光策略

研究表明,針對(duì)不同作物或同種作物在不同生長階段對(duì)光照強(qiáng)度的差異性需求進(jìn)行精準(zhǔn)化補(bǔ)光是提升蔬菜作物光合利用效率、實(shí)現(xiàn)優(yōu)質(zhì)高產(chǎn)的關(guān)鍵途徑。采用升降式補(bǔ)光系統(tǒng)可實(shí)現(xiàn)作物生育期對(duì)不同光照強(qiáng)度的需求[65]。但當(dāng)前蔬菜補(bǔ)光大多采用固定光質(zhì)、光照強(qiáng)度方式進(jìn)行補(bǔ)光,由于經(jīng)驗(yàn)值和作物實(shí)際需求存在一定差異,使得補(bǔ)光過程未能形成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、精準(zhǔn)化方案[66]。針對(duì)不同植物在不同生長階段對(duì)光配方(光質(zhì)、光照強(qiáng)度和光周期)需求的不同,通過采集溫室光照、溫度以及CO2等參數(shù),構(gòu)建溫室作物補(bǔ)光數(shù)學(xué)模型以及最佳紅藍(lán)光閾值[67-68],建立智能補(bǔ)光系統(tǒng),可實(shí)現(xiàn)溫室作物自動(dòng)化補(bǔ)光,可節(jié)能10%。張仲熊等[69]采用冠層補(bǔ)光和株間補(bǔ)光2種方式相結(jié)合的立體補(bǔ)光方式,充分采集作物冠層-株間實(shí)時(shí)環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù),通過冠層-株間光環(huán)境調(diào)控模型獲得黃瓜種植過程所需的光強(qiáng)值,動(dòng)態(tài)計(jì)算冠層-株間補(bǔ)光燈所需要停留的位置,采用ZigBee無線傳輸,進(jìn)行補(bǔ)光燈升降裝置高度實(shí)時(shí)變化,從而達(dá)到黃瓜種植整體光環(huán)境精準(zhǔn)實(shí)時(shí)調(diào)控,與傳統(tǒng)冠層補(bǔ)光以及自然光相比,立體補(bǔ)光區(qū)黃瓜產(chǎn)量分別比前兩者增加0.28和1.39 kg/m2。

3"討 論

3.1"""LED燈作為新型固態(tài)半導(dǎo)體光源,可以根據(jù)作物生理生長需求進(jìn)行智能化的光照環(huán)境控制,從實(shí)現(xiàn)蔬菜作物標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化種植[70],我國蔬菜種植區(qū)氣候類型多樣,且蔬菜品種多樣,在進(jìn)行設(shè)施蔬菜補(bǔ)光時(shí),應(yīng)針對(duì)不同種植區(qū),不同蔬菜品種構(gòu)建適宜的補(bǔ)光措施。例如在設(shè)施冬春季節(jié)生產(chǎn)時(shí),大多選擇耐弱光、耐低溫、抗病品種,而針對(duì)耐弱光品種補(bǔ)光(光飽和點(diǎn)、補(bǔ)償點(diǎn))策略與常規(guī)品種的差異還需要研究?!稖厥抑参镅a(bǔ)光燈質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù)規(guī)范》[71]對(duì)植物生長燈用的LED燈的質(zhì)量進(jìn)行評(píng)定,針對(duì)不同氣候區(qū)設(shè)施作物種植補(bǔ)光參數(shù)仍需明確。

3.2

當(dāng)前針對(duì)設(shè)施蔬菜智能補(bǔ)光策略將環(huán)境參數(shù)(溫度、CO2等)與植物光配方需求相結(jié)合,通過構(gòu)建相適應(yīng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,利用農(nóng)業(yè)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)溫室作物動(dòng)態(tài)自動(dòng)補(bǔ)光已有研究,但一些研究結(jié)果還處于試驗(yàn)階段[69],仍需要進(jìn)行長期跟蹤試驗(yàn)。針對(duì)作物冠層補(bǔ)光+株間補(bǔ)光方式,搭建與相適應(yīng)的自動(dòng)化補(bǔ)光系統(tǒng),構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)性的智能補(bǔ)光策略,充分挖掘作物光合利用效能,提升作物品質(zhì)和產(chǎn)量,將為設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)提質(zhì)增效提供有效解決方案。

3.3

作為一種生產(chǎn)環(huán)境穩(wěn)定,能夠智能化周年穩(wěn)定生產(chǎn)方式,植物工廠成為近幾年發(fā)展迅猛的行業(yè),而缺乏高效率、低價(jià)格LED光源市場(chǎng)提供成為限制人工光型植物工廠產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵問題之一。前人研究指出人工型植物工廠的光能利用效率理論最大值為0.1[72],而實(shí)際種植生產(chǎn)中光能利用效率大概在0.032~0.043,遠(yuǎn)未達(dá)到理論最大值[26];其次LED光源前期購買投入較大,例如功率為15W的LED補(bǔ)光燈每只燈管價(jià)格大約120元,遠(yuǎn)高于普通光源燈(飛利浦熒光燈,16W或20W每只燈管價(jià)格約在15~20元)。因此,研發(fā)或篩選適宜的性價(jià)比較高的LED燈具以滿足植物工廠育苗或栽培工藝至關(guān)重要。

4"結(jié) 論

4.1

綜述了補(bǔ)光技術(shù)在設(shè)施蔬菜育苗期和成株期生長研究進(jìn)展,總結(jié)分析光配方(光質(zhì)、光照強(qiáng)度、光照時(shí)間、日累計(jì)光照量)對(duì)幼苗生理生長以及成株期果實(shí)產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響。針對(duì)不同蔬菜作物品種需要深入研究光配方復(fù)合因素對(duì)設(shè)施蔬菜栽培影響機(jī)制,綜合提升蔬菜作物光能利用率。

4.2"""LED補(bǔ)光對(duì)設(shè)施育苗壯苗提升、成株產(chǎn)量品質(zhì)提升具有促進(jìn)作用。將LED補(bǔ)光與具體栽培環(huán)境參數(shù)(溫度、CO2、濕度等)相結(jié)合,通過多因子耦合分析,需要明確光配方隨溫室環(huán)境參數(shù)動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整機(jī)制,針對(duì)不同補(bǔ)光方式研發(fā)智能化、精準(zhǔn)化補(bǔ)光體系,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)設(shè)施蔬菜高效補(bǔ)光。

參考文獻(xiàn)"(References)

[1]"李天來, 齊明芳, 孟思達(dá).中國設(shè)施園藝發(fā)展60年成就與展望[J].園藝學(xué)報(bào), 2022, 49(10): 2119-2130.

LI Tianlai, QI Mingfang, MENG Sida.Sixty years of facility horticulture development in China: achievements and prospects[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(10): 2119-2130.

[2] 齊飛.在歷史的回望中走進(jìn)新時(shí)代——設(shè)施園藝產(chǎn)業(yè)四十年變革與發(fā)展[J].農(nóng)業(yè)工程技術(shù), 2019, 39(25): 15-17.

QI Fei.In the historical retrospection into a new era -- the 40 years of change and development of facility horticulture industry [J].Agricultural Engineering Technology, 2019, 39(25): 15-17.

[3] 周瑩.日光溫室復(fù)合相變保溫材料的研究[D].太谷: 山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué), 2017.

ZHOU Ying."Study on Composite Phase Change Thermal Insulation Material in Solar Greenhouse[D].Taigu: Shanxi Agricultural University, 2017.

[4] 祁娟霞, 韋峰, 董艷, 等.不同補(bǔ)光時(shí)間對(duì)日光溫室甜瓜生長發(fā)育的影響[J].浙江農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報(bào), 2016, 28(6): 979-983.

QI Juanxia, WEI Feng, DONG Yan, et al.Effect of different duration of supplemental illumination on growth of melon in sunlight greenhouse[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2016, 28(6): 979-983.

[5] 楊小玲, 宋蘭芳, 靳力爭(zhēng), 等.設(shè)施果菜補(bǔ)光技術(shù)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀與展望[J].北方園藝, 2018,(17): 166-170.

YANG Xiaoling, SONG Lanfang, JIN Lizheng, et al.Application status and prospect of supplemental lighting in cultivation of vegetables and fruits in greenhouse[J].Northern Horticulture, 2018,(17): 166-170.

[6] 王楠, 焦子偉, 李東育, 等.我國綠色設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)栽培關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究進(jìn)展[J].江蘇農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué), 2021, 49(18): 18-24.

WANG Nan, Jiao Ziwei, Li Dongyu, et al.Research progress on key cultivation technology of China’s green facility agriculture[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 49(18): 18-24.

[7] 劉文科.LED補(bǔ)光對(duì)日光溫室番茄生長和產(chǎn)量的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)工程技術(shù), 2016, 36(4): 40-41.

LIU Wenke.Effect of LED fill-light on tomato growth and yield in greenhouse [J].Agricultural Engineering Technology, 2016, 36(4): 40-41.

[8] 楊雅婷, 魏靈玲, 魏強(qiáng), 等.LED在設(shè)施園藝中的應(yīng)用系列(五) LED在溫室補(bǔ)光中的應(yīng)用[J].農(nóng)業(yè)工程技術(shù)(溫室園藝), 2009, 29(9): 15-16.

YANG Yating, WEI Lingling, WEI Qiang, et al.The application of LED in greenhouse fill-light [J].Agriculture Engineering Technology (Greenhouse amp; Horticulture), 2009, 29(9): 15-16.

[9] 王華碩.LED補(bǔ)光對(duì)日光溫室黃瓜、番茄、草莓生長發(fā)育及品質(zhì)的影響[D].邯鄲: 河北工程大學(xué), 2018.

WANG Huashuo.Effect of LED Light on the Growth and Quality of Cucumber, Tomato and Strawberry in Solar Greenhouse[D].Handan: Hebei University of Engineering, 2018.

[10] 錢創(chuàng)建, 宿飛飛, 王紹鵬, 等.LED補(bǔ)光對(duì)日光溫室脫毒馬鈴薯微型薯結(jié)薯特性的影響[J].中國瓜菜, 2021, 34(7): 54-57.

QIAN Chuangjian, SU Feifei, WANG Shaopeng, et al.Effect of LED lighting on the production characteristics of virus-free potato minituber in solar greenhouse[J].China Cucurbits and Vegetables, 2021, 34(7): 54-57.

[11] 傅國海, 楊其長, 劉文科.LED補(bǔ)光和根區(qū)加溫對(duì)日光溫室起壟內(nèi)嵌式基質(zhì)栽培甜椒生長及產(chǎn)量的影響[J].中國生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報(bào), 2017, 25(2): 230-238.

FU Guohai, YANG Qichang, LIU Wenke.Effect of LED supplemental lighting and root zone heating on growth and yield of soil ridged substrate-embedded sweet pepper in solar greenhouses in China[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2017, 25(2): 230-238.

[12] 盧純, 張亞紅, 李青.LED不同光質(zhì)補(bǔ)光對(duì)日光溫室冬春茬番茄生長及光合特性的影響[J].江蘇農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué), 2020, 48(8): 127-134.

LU Chun, Zhang Yahong, Li Qing.Effects of LED light quality supplements on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of tomatoes in winter-spring season in solar greenhouse[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 48(8): 127-134.

[13] 盧純.LED光質(zhì)對(duì)冬季日光溫室內(nèi)番茄生產(chǎn)及病蟲害的影響[D].銀川: 寧夏大學(xué), 2019.

LU Chun.Effects of Different LED Lights under Tomato’s Production, Diseases and Pests in Solar Greenhouse during Winter Season[D].Yinchuan: Ningxia University, 2019.

[14] 王偉偉, 馬俊貴.設(shè)施溫室補(bǔ)光燈的應(yīng)用[J].農(nóng)業(yè)工程, 2014, 4(6): 47-50.

WANG Weiwei, MA Jungui.Application of facilities greenhouse fill light[J].Agricultural Engineering, 2014, 4(6): 47-50.

[15] 耿博, 龍家煥, 鄭夢(mèng)影, 等.高壓鈉燈與LED燈在植物補(bǔ)光中的應(yīng)用特性分析[J].黑龍江農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué), 2018,(8): 65-69.

GENG Bo, LONG Jiahuan, ZHENG Mengying, et al.Analysis of application characteristics of high pressure sodium lamp and LED lamp in plant light supply[J].Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2018,(8): 65-69.

[16] 霍菲陽.高壓鈉燈用大功率電子鎮(zhèn)流器的研究[D].哈爾濱: 哈爾濱理工大學(xué), 2008.

HUO Feiyang.Research on Electronic Ballast Used for High Pressure Sodium Lamp[D].Harbin: Harbin University of Science and Technology, 2008.

[17] 姜青松, 王海波, 朱月華.金屬鹵化物燈及其發(fā)光材料的研究進(jìn)展[J].中國照明電器, 2013,(10): 1-5.

JIANG Qingsong, WANG Haibo, ZHU Yuehua.Status and development on metal halide lamps and luminous materials[J].China Light amp; Lighting, 2013,(10): 1-5.

[18] 呂艷.溫室設(shè)施的使用與維護(hù)系列之溫室補(bǔ)光[J].農(nóng)業(yè)工程技術(shù)(溫室園藝), 2007, 27(12): 20, 19.

LYU Yan.The use and maintenance of greenhouse facilities series of greenhouse lighting [J].Agricultural Engineering Technology (Greenhouse amp; Horticulture), 2007, 27(12): 20, 19.

[19] 葛大勇.設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)專用光源的研制[D].保定: 河北大學(xué), 2001.

GE Dayong.Development of the Special light Source for Equipment Agriculture[D].Baoding: Hebei University, 2001.

[20] 尤杰, 耿博, 鄭夢(mèng)影, 等.設(shè)施園藝生產(chǎn)中LED燈與高壓鈉燈的應(yīng)用差異性分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)工程技術(shù), 2018, 38(7): 17-21.

YOU Jie, GENG Bo, ZHENG Mengying, et al. Application difference analysis of LED lamp and high pressure sodium lamp in facility horticulture production[J].Agricultural Engineering Technology, 2018, 38(7):17-21.

[21] 張理智.隧道高壓鈉燈與LED燈照明節(jié)能分析、比選[J].隧道建設(shè), 2012, 32(S2): 18-23.

ZHANG Lizhi.Analysis on and comparsion and contrast between high pressure sodium lamps and LED lights [J].Tunnel Construction, 2012, 32(S2): 18-23.

[22] Singh D, Basu C, Meinhardt-Wollweber M, et al.LEDs for energy efficient greenhouse lighting[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015, 49: 139-147.

[23] 劉文科, 楊其長, 魏靈玲.LED光源及其設(shè)施園藝應(yīng)用[M]. 北京: 中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社, 2012.

LIU Wenke, YANG Qichang, WEI Lingling.Light-emitting diodes(LEDs) and their applications in protected horticulture as light sources[M]."China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, 2012.

[24] 李濤.國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃“用于設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的LED關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研發(fā)與應(yīng)用示范” 項(xiàng)目在京啟動(dòng)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)工程技術(shù), 2017, 37(31): 48-49.

LI Tao.The National Key Ramp;D Program \"LED Key Technology Ramp;D and Application Demonstration for Facility Agricultural Production\" project was launched in Beijing [J].Agricultural Engineering Technology, 2017, 37(31): 48-49.

[25] Voskresenskaya N P, Drozdova I S.Effect of light quality on the organization of photosynthetic electron transport chain of pea seedlings[J].Plant Physiology, 1977, 59(2): 151-154.

[26] 季方, 甘佩典, 劉男, 等.LED光質(zhì)和日累積光照量對(duì)番茄種苗生長及能量利用效率的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào), 2020, 36(22): 231-238.

JI Fang, GAN Peidian, LIU Nan, et al.Effects of LED spectrum and daily light integral on growth and energy use efficiency of tomato seedlings[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2020, 36(22): 231-238.

[27] 崔佳維, 雷炳富, 劉厚誠.光合有效輻射日總量(DLI)對(duì)植物生長發(fā)育的影響[J].園藝學(xué)報(bào), 2019, 46(9): 1670-1680.

CUI Jiawei, LEI Bingfu, LIU Houcheng.Effect of daily light integral on plant growth and development[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2019, 46(9): 1670-1680.

[28] Hernández R, Eguchi T, Deveci M, et al.Tomato seedling physiological responses under different percentages of blue and red photon flux ratios using LEDs and cool white fluorescent lamps[J].Scientia Horticulturae, 2016, 213: 270-280.

[29] 王紹輝, 孔云, 陳青君, 等.不同光質(zhì)補(bǔ)光對(duì)日光溫室黃瓜產(chǎn)量與品質(zhì)的影響[J].中國生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報(bào), 2006, 14(4): 119-121.

WANG Shaohui, KONG Yun, CHEN Qingjun, et al.The effects of different light qualities on cucumber fruit quality and yield in greenhouse[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2006, 14(4): 119-121.

[30] 陳田甜.不同光質(zhì)對(duì)番茄果實(shí)品質(zhì)形成的影響[D].廣州: 華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué), 2016.

CHEN Tiantian.Effects of Light Quality on the Quality Formation of Tomato Fruits[D].Guangzhou: South China Agricultural University, 2016.

[31] Kami C, Lorrain S, Hornitschek P, et al.Chapter two light-regulated plant growth and development[J].Current Topics in Developmental Biology, 2010, 91: 29-66.

[32] Xu Y.Seven dimensions of light in regulating plant growth[J].Acta Horticulturae, 2016,1134: 445-452.

[33] Franklin K A, Whitelam G C.Light-quality regulation of freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana[J].Nature Genetics, 2007, 39(11): 1410-1413.

[34]Soghra Esmaelpour., Alireza Iranbakhsh., Kamaleddin Dilmaghani., Sayeh Jafari Marandi., Zahra Oraghi Ardebili.The potential contribution of the WRKY53 transcription factor, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase, and histone deacetylase in regulating growth, organogenesis, photosynthesis, and transcriptional responses of tomato to different light-emitting diodes (LEDs)[J].Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 2022,229:112413.

[35] 鄔奇, 蘇娜娜, 崔瑾.LED光質(zhì)補(bǔ)光對(duì)番茄幼苗生長及光合特性和抗氧化酶的影響[J].北方園藝, 2013,(21): 59-63.

WU Qi, SU Nana, CUI Jin.Effects of LED light quality on growth vitality, photosynthetic performance and antioxidant enzymatic activity of tomato seedlings[J].Northern Horticulture, 2013,(21): 59-63.

[36] 崔瑾, 馬志虎, 徐志剛, 等.不同光質(zhì)補(bǔ)光對(duì)黃瓜、辣椒和番茄幼苗生長及生理特性的影響[J].園藝學(xué)報(bào), 2009, 36(5): 663-670.

CUI Jin, MA Zhihu, XU Zhigang, et al.Effects of supplemental lighting with different light qualities on growth and physiological characteristics of cucumber, pepper and tomato seedlings[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2009, 36(5): 663-670.

[37] 蘇娜娜, 鄔奇, 崔瑾.不同光質(zhì)下黃瓜和番茄幼苗葉片光合特性和葉綠體超微結(jié)構(gòu)分析[J].植物發(fā)育與細(xì)胞功能, 全國植物生物學(xué)大會(huì), 2013.

SU Nana, WU qi, CU Jin.Photosynthetic activity and chlorplastic ultrastructure analysis of seedlings Cucumis sativus L.and Solanum lycopersicum cultivated under different light qualities[J].National Congress of Plant Biology, 2013.

[38] Li Q, Kubota C.Effects of supplemental light quality on growth and phytochemicals of baby leaf lettuce[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2009, 67(1): 59-64.

[39] Kim H J, Yang T, Choi S, et al.Supplemental intracanopy far-red radiation to red LED light improves fruit quality attributes of greenhouse tomatoes[J].Scientia Horticulturae, 2020, 261: 108985.

[40] Macedo A F, Leal-Costa M V, Tavares E S, et al.The effect of light quality on leaf production and development of in vitro-cultured plants of Alternanthera brasiliana Kuntze[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2011, 70(1): 43-50.

[41] 朱鹿坤, 陳俊琴, 趙雪雅, 等.紅藍(lán)綠LED延時(shí)補(bǔ)光對(duì)日光溫室番茄育苗的影響[J].中國蔬菜, 2019,(10): 51-57.

ZHU Lukun, CHEN Junqin, ZHAO Xueya, et al.Effect of red, blue and green LED delayed supplementary lighting on tomato seedlings culture in solar greenhouse[J].China Vegetables, 2019,(10): 51-57.

[42] Paradiso R, Proietti S.Light-quality manipulation to control plant growth and photomorphogenesis in greenhouse horticulture: the state of the art and the opportunities of modern LED systems[J].Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 2022, 41(2): 742-780.

[43] Bian Z H, Zhang X Y, Wang Y, et al.Improving drought tolerance by altering the photosynthetic rate and stomatal aperture via green light in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings under drought conditions[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2019, 167: 103844.

[44] Bian Z H, Cheng R F, Wang Y, et al.Effect of green light on nitrate reduction and edible quality of hydroponically grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) under short-term continuous light from red and blue light-emitting diodes[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2018, 153: 63-71.

[45] Kinoshita T.Blue light activates the plasma membrane H+-ATPase by phosphorylation of the C-terminus in stomatal guard cells[J].The EMBO Journal, 1999, 18(20): 5548-5558.

[46] 肖蘇琪, 王冰華, 曲梅, 等.冬春季節(jié)育苗溫室補(bǔ)光光強(qiáng)對(duì)黃瓜幼苗質(zhì)量的影響[J].中國蔬菜, 2018,(10): 40-45.

XIAO Suqi, WANG Binghua, QU Mei, et al.Effect of supplementary light intensity on quality of winter-spring cucumber seedling in solar greenhouse[J].China Vegetables, 2018,(10): 40-45.

[47] 王俊玲.番茄光合的光譜效應(yīng)研究[D].保定: 河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué), 2015.

WANG Junling.Effect of Spectra on Photosynthesis in Tomato[D].Baoding: Hebei Agricultural University, 2015.

[48] 山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué).蔬菜栽培學(xué)各論: 北方本(2版)[M]. 北京: 農(nóng)業(yè)出版社, 1987.

Shandong Agricultural University.Various Theories of Vegetable Cultivation (The second print)[M]."Beijing: China Agricultural Press, 1987.

[49] 余紀(jì)柱, 安紅偉, 李建吾, 等.弱光下黃瓜苗期性狀的遺傳分析[J].上海農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報(bào), 2004, 20(4): 20-24.

YU Jizhu, AN Hongwei, LI Jianwu, et al.Genetic analysis for cucumber seedling characters under low light conditions[J].Acta Agriculturae Shanghai, 2004, 20(4): 20-24.

[50] 周艷虹, 黃黎鋒, 喻景權(quán).持續(xù)低溫弱光對(duì)黃瓜葉片氣體交換、葉綠素?zé)晒忖绾臀展饽芊峙涞挠绊懀跩].植物生理與分子生物學(xué)學(xué)報(bào), 2004, 30(2): 153-160.

ZHOU Yanhong, HUANG Lifeng, YU Jingquan.Effects of sustained chilling and low light on gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence quenching and absorbed light allocation in cucumber leaves[J].Acta Photophysiologica Sinica, 2004, 30(2): 153-160.

[51] Matsuda R, Yamano T, Murakami K, et al.Effects of spectral distribution and photosynthetic photon flux density for overnight LED light irradiation on tomato seedling growth and leaf injury[J].Scientia Horticulturae, 2016, 198: 363-369.

[52] 王冰華, 孫風(fēng)清, 李娟起, 等.不同時(shí)段補(bǔ)光對(duì)日光溫室冬春茬黃瓜幼苗質(zhì)量的影響[J].中國蔬菜, 2017,(12): 23-29.

WANG Binghua, SUN Fengqing, LI Juanqi, et al.Effects of supplementary light at different time on quality of cucumber seedlings in solar greenhouse[J].China Vegetables, 2017,(12): 23-29.

[53] 鄔奇, 蘇娜娜, 崔瑾.不同光周期下黃瓜和番茄幼苗生長與ZT和IAA的相關(guān)性[J].園藝學(xué)報(bào), 2013, 40(4): 755-761.

WU Qi, SU Nana, CUI Jin.The correlation between endogenous ZT and IAA contents with the growth of cucumber and tomato seedlings under different photoperiod[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2013, 40(4): 755-761.

[54] Jiang C Y, Johkan M, Hohjo M, et al.Photosynthesis, plant growth, and fruit production of single-truss tomato improves with supplemental lighting provided from underneath or within the inner canopy[J].Scientia Horticulturae, 2017, 222: 221-229.

[55] 齊學(xué)會(huì), 張曉燕, 魯燕舞, 等.光質(zhì)和光周期對(duì)大豆芽苗菜生長及總酚類物質(zhì)含量的影響[J].中國蔬菜, 2014,(7): 29-34.

QI Xuehui, ZHANG Xiaoyan, LU Yanwu, et al.Effects of light quality and photoperiod on growth and total phenolics content of soybean sprouts[J].China Vegetables, 2014,(7): 29-34.

[56] 閆文凱, 張雅婷, 張玉琪, 等.LED株間補(bǔ)光對(duì)日光溫室番茄產(chǎn)量及光合作用的影響[J].西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版), 2018, 46(7): 132-138, 146.

YAN Wenkai, ZHANG Yating, ZHANG Yuqi, et al.Effects of LED interlighting on yield and photosynthesis of tomato in solar greenhouse[J].Journal of Northwest A amp; F University (Natural Science Edition), 2018, 46(7): 132-138, 146.

[57] Trouwborst G, Oosterkamp J, Hogewoning S W, et al.The responses of light interception, photosynthesis and fruit yield of cucumber to LED-lighting within the canopy[J].Physiologia Plantarum, 2010, 138(3): 289-300.

[58] Groher T, Rhlen-Schmittgen S, Fiebig A, et al.Influence of supplementary LED lighting on physiological and biochemical parameters of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) leaves[J].Scientia Horticulturae, 2019, 250: 154-158.

[59] 宋羽.株間LED補(bǔ)光與溫室番茄光能利用特性及生長發(fā)育關(guān)系的研究[D].北京: 中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué), 2017.

SONG Yu.Study on the Relationship among the Inter Supplemental LED and the Light Utilization Characteristics, the Plant Growth-and-development of Tomato Produced in Greenhouse[D].Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2017.

[60] Fanwoua J, Vercambre G, Buck-Sorlin G, et al.Supplemental LED lighting affects the dynamics of tomato fruit growth and composition[J].Scientia Horticulturae, 2019, 256: 108571.

[61] 段青青, 張祿祺, 張自坤, 等.補(bǔ)光時(shí)間及光質(zhì)對(duì)溫室甜椒生長及產(chǎn)量品質(zhì)的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào), 2019, 35(24): 213-222.

DUAN Qingqing, ZHANG Luqi, ZHANG Zikun, et al.Effects of spectrum and duration of supplemental illumination on growth, yield and fruit quality of greenhouse sweet pepper[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2019, 35(24): 213-222.

[62] 王翠麗, 趙旭, 趙鵬, 等.不同補(bǔ)光燈對(duì)日光溫室辣椒生長發(fā)育及品質(zhì)的影響[J].福建農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報(bào), 2019, 34(9): 1047-1052.

WANG Cuili, ZHAO Xu, ZHAO Peng, et al.Effects of supplemental light on growth, physiology, and quality of chili peppers cultivated in solar greenhouse[J].Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 34(9): 1047-1052.

[63] 黃松, 劉勇鵬, 孫凱樂, 等.不同LED光強(qiáng)補(bǔ)光對(duì)日光溫室越冬番茄生長及產(chǎn)量品質(zhì)的影響[J].山東農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué), 2023, 55(6): 62-68.

HUANG Song, LIU Yongpeng, SUN Kaile, et al.Effects of different LED light intensities on growth, yield and quality of overwintering tomato in solar greenhouse[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 55(6): 62-68.

[64]Ivan Paucek, Giuseppina Pennisi, Alessandro Pistillo, et al.Supplementary LED interlighting improves yield and precocity of greenhouse tomatoes in the Mediterranean[J].Agronomy, 2020,10(7):1002.

[65] 張彩虹, 于秀針, 馬彩雯, 等.升降式系統(tǒng)補(bǔ)光對(duì)弱光條件下日光溫室番茄生長及產(chǎn)量品質(zhì)的影響[J].中國農(nóng)機(jī)化學(xué)報(bào), 2017, 38(7): 54-58.

ZHANG Caihong, YU Xiuzhen, MA Caiwen, et al.Effects of lifting supplementary lighting on growth, quality and yield of tomato with weak light in greenhouse[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2017, 38(7): 54-58.

[66] 胡瑾.基于作物光合需求的設(shè)施光環(huán)境調(diào)控方法與技術(shù)研究[D].楊凌: 西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué), 2016.

HU Jin.Research on Method and Technology of Light Environment Control of Facility Based on Crop Photosynthetic Demand[D].Yangling: Northwest A amp; F University, 2016.

[67] 李晉蒲, 曹瑞紅, 趙建貴, 等.基于LoRa的溫室智能補(bǔ)光系統(tǒng)研制[J].江蘇農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué), 2020, 48(5): 198-204.

LI Jinpu, Cao Ruihong, Zhao Jiangui, et al.Development of greenhouse intelligent fill light system based on LoRa[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 48(5): 198-204.

[68] 程鑫, 徐曉輝, 宋濤, 等.基于PSO-SVR模型的溫室智能補(bǔ)光系統(tǒng)研究[J].中國農(nóng)機(jī)化學(xué)報(bào), 2020, 41(6): 64-68, 82.

CHENG Xin, XU Xiaohui, SONG Tao, et al.Research on intelligent light-filling system in greenhouse based on PSO-SVR model[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2020, 41(6): 64-68, 82.

[69] 張仲雄, 李斌, 馮盼, 等.基于植株需光差異特性的設(shè)施黃瓜立體光環(huán)境智能調(diào)控系統(tǒng)[J].智慧農(nóng)業(yè)(中英文), 2020, 2(2): 94-104.

ZHANG Zhongxiong, LI Bin, FENG Pan, et al.Stereoscopic light environment intelligent control system based on characteristic differences of facility cucumber plants light requirements[J].Smart Agriculture, 2020, 2(2): 94-104.

[70] 譚杰揮, 劉厚誠.植物工廠蔬菜育苗光調(diào)控技術(shù)研究進(jìn)展[J].農(nóng)業(yè)工程技術(shù), 2022, 42(1): 24-29.

TAN Jiehui, LIU Houcheng.Research progress on light control technology for vegetable seedlings in plant factories [J].Agricultural Engineering Technology, 2022, 42(1): 24-29.

[71] NY/T 3657-2020.溫室植物補(bǔ)光燈質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù)規(guī)范 [S].

NY/T 3657-2020.Technical specification of quality evaluation for plant lamps of supplement lighting in greenhouse [S].

[72] Kozai T.Resource use efficiency of closed plant production system with artificial light: Concept, estimation and application to plant factory[J].Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B, 2013, 89(10): 447-461.

Research progress of LED light supplement technology ""of greenhouse vegetables

MA Yan, XIAO Lingang, YU Chen, GUO Zhaofeng, ZOU Ping, CAO Xinwei

(Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control Technology for Xinjiang Facility Agriculture, Urumqi 830091, China)

Abstract:【Objective】 ""To summarize and analyze the research status and progress of LED supplementation technology for vegetables at home and abroad in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the application of LED fill light technology in the efficient production of facility vegetables in China.

【Methods】 """Related literature in domestic and foreign were collected , and meanwhile, these literature were sorted and analyzed.

【Results】 ""LED light source was an ideal light source for facility agricultural production, appropriate light formula (light quality, light intensity and light duration and cumulative daily light amount) could significantly improve the dry matter quality and strong seedlings index of vegetables seedling.Light supplementation at the top and between plants could improve the canopy light distribution and enhance the overall photoeynthesis of plants in long season cultivation.It was an effective way to accurately control the dynamic light environment by combining the light filling method with the cultivation environment parameters to achieve green, high quality and efficient production of facility vegetables.

【Conclusion】 ""Artificial light supplementation is an effective way to improve the greenhouse light environment and solve the unfavorable light factors such as weak light and insufficient light time in winter vegetable production.Through the combination of light formula, vegetable varieties and cultivation environment optimization, the production efficiency of vegetable facilities can be comprehensively improved.

Key words:""greenhouse vegetables; LED light supplement; light quality; light intensity; photoperiod

Fund projects:""Special Training Project for Xinjiang Minority Science and Technology Talents \"Study on the automatic LED Light Supplementation of tomato seedling in Greenhouse\"(2019D03008); Funding Project of Basic Scientific Research Business of Public Welfare Scientific Research Institutes in Autonomous Region\"Research on structural optimization and efficient cultivation technology of arch shed in southern Xinjiang\"(KY2021129);Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences independent cultivation project \"Research and application of digitization of production technology in facility agriculture\"(nkyzzkj-025)

Correspondence author:""CAO Xinwei(1982- ), male, senior engineer,master, "research direction: facility agriculture engineering technology and equipment, (E-mail) caoxinwei@sohu.com

ZOU Ping(1977-), male, professor of engineering,master, "research direction:facility agriculture engineering technology, (E-mail)75066472@qq.com

收稿日期(Received):

2024-05-17

基金項(xiàng)目:

新疆少數(shù)民族科技人才特殊培養(yǎng)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目“設(shè)施番茄苗期 LED 自動(dòng)補(bǔ)光工藝研究”(2019D03008);新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)公益性科研院所基本科研業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)費(fèi)資助項(xiàng)目“南疆拱棚結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化及高效栽培技術(shù)研究”(KY2021129);新疆農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院自主培育項(xiàng)目“設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)數(shù)字化的研究應(yīng)用”(nkyzzkj-025)

作者簡(jiǎn)介:

馬艷(1987-),女,新疆人,高級(jí)農(nóng)藝師,碩士,研究方向設(shè)施蔬菜栽培生理,(E-mail)455618932@qq.com

通訊作者:

曹新偉(1982-),男,湖南人,高級(jí)工程師,碩士,研究方向設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)工程技術(shù)與裝備,(E-mail)caoxinwei@sohu.com

鄒平(1977-),男,江西人,正高級(jí)工程師,碩士,研究方向設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)工程技術(shù),(E-mail)75066472@qq.com

猜你喜歡
光照強(qiáng)度設(shè)施蔬菜光周期
大豆光周期適應(yīng)性研究進(jìn)展
遺傳(2023年9期)2023-09-25 09:31:44
不同光周期對(duì)甜椒幼苗生長的影響
今天的光周期是多少?
計(jì)算今天的光周期
“環(huán)境因素對(duì)光合作用強(qiáng)度的影響”實(shí)驗(yàn)改進(jìn)方案
基于ZigBee的多環(huán)境參數(shù)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)
加快湖北設(shè)施蔬菜產(chǎn)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展的思考
設(shè)施栽培蔬菜連作障礙成因分析及其防治措施
呂梁市設(shè)施蔬菜發(fā)展的實(shí)踐與啟示
設(shè)施蔬菜栽培管理要點(diǎn)
怀仁县| 越西县| 读书| 潮州市| 济阳县| 日照市| 原阳县| 澳门| 台南县| 桑日县| 唐河县| 宝兴县| 巩留县| 武宁县| 嘉禾县| 谷城县| 文登市| 建宁县| 林甸县| 通化县| 高邮市| 双城市| 娱乐| 株洲市| 塔河县| 马边| 新干县| 大埔区| 高密市| 合作市| 武鸣县| 同仁县| 镶黄旗| 甘洛县| 潼关县| 乌鲁木齐县| 平乐县| 阳西县| 峡江县| 闻喜县| 铜川市|