朱莉婭·因泰雷斯/文　趙敏/譯

With an aging population that surpasses 269 million people aged 60 and above， accounting for nearly 21.1 percent of the total population， Chinas silver economy is witnessing remarkable growth.

中國 60 歲及以上老年人口超過2.69 億，占總人口的近21.1%，銀發(fā)經濟發(fā)展勢頭迅猛。

In this article， we discuss the distinct characteristics of this market， along with its projected growth and investment potential.

在本文中，我們討論老年市場的顯著特點及其預期增長和投資潛力。

Chinas silver economy

中國的銀發(fā)經濟

The term “silver economy” encompasses the economic activities related to the aging population and addresses their specific needs and preferences. It recognizes the growing consumer demand from older individuals and focuses on sectors that cater to their requirements， promoting their well-being and quality of life.

“銀發(fā)經濟”一詞涵蓋了與老齡人口相關的經濟活動，旨在滿足他們的特殊需求和偏好。它認識到老年人日益增長的消費需求，并關注滿足他們需求的行業(yè)，促進他們的福祉和生活質量。

As a result of increasing life expectancy， China is experiencing a shifting population pyramid. United Nations data reveals that in 2022， the proportion of people aged over 60 in China reached 280.04 million， up from 267.36 million people （or 18.9 percent of the total population） from the previous year. The average annual growth rate of the population aged 65 and above is 2.37 percent， increasing from 3.7 percent in 1960 to 11.97 percent in 2020.

隨著預期壽命的延長，中國正經歷著人口金字塔的轉換。聯合國數據顯示，2022 年，中國 60 歲以上老年人口從上年的2.6736 億人（占總人口的18.9%）增加到2.8004 億人。65 歲及以上人口的年均增長率為2.37%，從1960 年的3.7%增至2020 年的11.97%。

The “new” elderly： changes in attitude

“新”老人：態(tài)度的轉變

Chinas older generation has undergone a noticeable transformation in recent years， displaying a departure from their traditional reputation for frugality and home-centered lifestyles focused on grandchild care. Instead， the “new” older generation now possesses both financial resources and leisure time， demonstrating a more adventurous and resourceful approach to enjoying their golden years.

近年來，中國的老一代人經歷了明顯的轉變，一改傳統的節(jié)儉和以照顧孫輩為中心的生活方式。取而代之的是，“新”老人現在既有經濟實力，又有閑暇時間，在享受晚年生活方面表現出更多的冒險精神和人生智慧。

This shift can be attributed to a heightened emphasis on health consciousness and a desire to maintain a youthful appearance. Older individuals are actively investing in healthy foods and supplements， with health supplements ranking high on the wish lists of Chinese tourists and being popular gifts among older people in China.

這一轉變可歸因于人們增強了健康意識并渴望保持年輕樣貌。老年人現在積極投資健康食品和保健品，保健品在中國游客的愿望清單上名列前茅，也是深受中國老年人喜愛的禮物。

Additionally， both men and women in this generation seek to appear younger by dyeing their hair and availing themselves of beauty treatments. In addition to these aesthetic procedures， this cohort is also purchasing more cosmetics and jewelry， benefiting both domestic and foreign luxury brands. Further， the increased wealth of the older generation has stimulated growth in wealth management， financial planning， and insurance sectors. With greater savings and disposable income， this generation has a greater demand for services that safeguard their financial well-being in retirement and facilitate the transfer of wealth to future generations.

此外，這一代的男性和女性都希望通過染發(fā)和美容來顯得更年輕。除了美容，這一代人還購買更多的化妝品和珠寶，使國內外奢侈品牌大為受益。此外，老一代人財富的增加也刺激了財富管理、財務規(guī)劃和保險行業(yè)的增長。這一代人擁有更多的儲蓄和可支配收入，因此他們對保障退休后的財務狀況和促進財富向后代轉移的服務有更大的需求。

Elderly individuals preferences regarding retirement have undergone noticeable changes， as more of them are now choosing to spend their later years in senior homes instead of relying on their children for care. This shift is primarily driven by the desire for a comfortable and hassle-free lifestyle. These homes cater to their needs and provide a high standard of living. They are often constructed by real estate companies， specifically designed for older consumers， and offer a range of amenities and services tailored to their preferences.

老年人對退休生活的偏好發(fā)生了明顯的變化，越來越多的老年人選擇在養(yǎng)老院安度晚年，而不再依賴子女的照顧。這種轉變主要是出于對舒適清靜生活方式的向往。養(yǎng)老院可以滿足他們的需求，并提供高標準的生活。它們通常由房地產公司建造，專為老年消費者設計，并根據他們的喜好提供一系列便利設施和服務。

Additionally， to meet the demand for upscale senior facilities， some former upscale hotels in suburban areas have been transformed into luxury senior homes， providing a sophisticated and elegant environment for retirees to enjoy their golden years.

此外，為了滿足老年人對高檔養(yǎng)老機構的需求，一些位于郊區(qū)的原高檔酒店也被改造成了豪華養(yǎng)老院，為退休人員提供一個精致優(yōu)雅的環(huán)境，讓他們可以安享晚年。

Consumption patterns of Chinas elderly population

中國老年人口的消費模式

The main consumption patterns of Chinas elderly population can be grouped into two categories： daily consumption （39.1 percent） and health-related consumption （40.9 percent）. When it comes to health consumption， the silver-haired population is not only concerned about healthcare but also increasingly emphasizes disease prevention.

中國老年人口的主要消費模式可分為兩類：日常消費（39.1%）和健康相關消費（40.9%）。在健康消費方面，銀發(fā)人群不僅關注醫(yī)療保健，而且越來越重視疾病預防。

In relation to this， preventive health services， such as physical examinations， will have significant room for growth. It is evident that regular physical examinations require a certain amount of time， economic costs， and medical support. Therefore， the high-income population in first- and second-tier cities can sustain regular physical examinations for a longer period of time due to their subjective willingness and objective conditions.

與此相關，體檢等預防性保健服務將有很大的發(fā)展空間。顯然，定期體檢需要一定的時間、經濟成本和醫(yī)療支持。因此，由于主觀愿意和客觀有條件，一二線城市的高收入人群可以較長時間地堅持定期體檢。

Key sectors and opportunities within Chinas silver economy

中國銀發(fā)經濟的主要領域和機遇

Eldercare and senior home facilities

老年護理機構和養(yǎng)老院

Chinas silver economy places significant importance on eldercare services and facilities， which are essential for supporting and caring for the elderly population. This encompasses a wide range of services， including nursing homes， assisted living facilities， home care services， and rehabilitation centers. Chinas eldercare market is predicted to reach US$800 billion by 2025 and to exceed US$3 trillion by 2030.

中國的銀發(fā)經濟非常重視老年人護理服務和設施，這對于撫養(yǎng)和照顧老年人口至關重要。這包括養(yǎng)老院、安養(yǎng)照護機構、家庭護理服務和康復中心等多種服務。預計到 2025 年，中國的老年護理市場規(guī)模將達到8000 億美元，到2030 年將超過3 萬億美元。

Country Garden Holdings， a prominent real estate developer， has also entered the eldercare sector by constructing senior care facilities， assisted living apartments， and medical centers. Orpea Group， a European company specializing in elderly care， operates a network of nursing homes and assisted living facil-ities in China， offering a range of services and specialized care for the elderly.

著名的房地產開發(fā)商碧桂園控股也已進入養(yǎng)老護理領域。它建造了老年護理機構、輔助生活公寓和醫(yī)療中心。歐葆庭集團是一家專門從事老年護理的歐洲公司，在中國運營著多家養(yǎng)老院和安養(yǎng)照護機構，為老年人提供各種服務和專業(yè)護理。

Elder medical devices and technology

老年醫(yī)療器械和技術

Another key sector of Chinas silver economy is represented by the development and application of medical devices and technology tailored for the elderly. One notable area of development is the adoption of remote monitoring systems. These systems utilize cutting-edge technology to enable healthcare professionals to remotely monitor the vital signs and health status of elderly individuals， providing real-time feedback and intervention when necessary.

中國銀發(fā)經濟的另一個關鍵領域是開發(fā)和應用為老年人量身定制的醫(yī)療設備和技術。其中一個值得注意的發(fā)展領域是遠程監(jiān)控系統的采用。這些系統利用尖端技術，使醫(yī)護人員能夠遠程監(jiān)測老年人的生命體征和健康狀況，并在必要時提供實時反饋和干預。

This not only ensures prompt medical attention but also allows older adults to maintain their independence and age comfortably in their own homes.

這不僅能確保及時的醫(yī)療護理，還能讓老年人保持獨立，在自己家中安享晚年。

Elder products and lifestyle needs

老年產品和生活形態(tài)需求

Elder products and lifestyle needs are important components of Chinese seniors spending habits.

老年產品和生活形態(tài)需求是中國老年人消費習慣的重要組成部分。

The demand for home modifications that ensure accessibility and safety for the elderly is on the rise. These modifications encompass the installation of features like handrails， ramps， and grab bars， as well as the adaptation of bathrooms and kitchens to accommodate mobility challenges. By creating age-friendly living spaces， older individuals can enjoy enhanced independence and navigate their homes comfortably.

為確保老年人生活環(huán)境的無障礙和安全性，對住宅改造的需求正在不斷增加。這些改造包括安裝扶手、坡道和抓桿等設施，以及改造浴室和廚房以顧及老年人的行動不便。通過創(chuàng)造對老年人友好的生活空間，老年人可以享受更高的獨立性并舒適地在家中隨意走動。

Assistive technologies play a vital role in the silver economy， providing practical solutions to support the elderly in their daily lives. This includes devices like mobility aids， hearing amplifiers， vision enhancement tools， and smart home automation systems.

輔助技術在銀發(fā)經濟中發(fā)揮著重要作用，為老年人的日常生活提供了實用的解決方案。這包括助行器、助聽器、視力增強工具和智能家居自動化系統等設備。

Culture and entertainment for the elderly

老年文化娛樂

Acknowledging the significance of social engagement， mental stimulation， and cultural experiences in enhancing the well-being of the elderly， the culture and entertainment sector has also emerged as a key component of Chinas silver economy.

鑒于社會參與、精神激勵和文化體驗對提高老年人福祉的重要意義，文化娛樂行業(yè)也已成為中國銀發(fā)經濟的重要組成部分。

This sector is dedicated to offering a diverse array of activities， events， and entertainment options tailored to the unique preferences and needs of older individuals. Organized tours are a popular feature of the culture and entertainment sector， allowing seniors to explore various destinations and engage in enriching experiences.

文化娛樂行業(yè)致力于根據老年人的獨特喜好和需求，為他們提供適合的各種活動、項目和娛樂選擇。組團旅游是文化娛樂行業(yè)的一大特色，老年人可以借此探索不同的目的地，獲得豐富的體驗。

Social clubs offer a platform for older individuals to connect， share experiences， and engage in meaningful conversations. They often organize social gatherings， group activities， and educational sessions， creating a supportive environment where seniors can form new friendships and maintain an active social life.

社交俱樂部為老年人提供了一個交流、分享經驗和進行有意義對話的平臺。這些俱樂部經常會組織社交聚會、集體活動和教育課程，為老年人結識新朋友和保持活躍的社交生活創(chuàng)造有利環(huán)境。

Arts and crafts workshops provide older adults with creative outlets and opportunities for self-expression. These workshops cover a wide range of artistic disciplines， including painting， calligraphy， pottery， and handicrafts. By participating in these activities， older indiv-iduals can tap into their artistic talents， stimulate their cognitive abilities， and experience a sense of accomplishment.

藝術和手工藝工作坊為老年人提供發(fā)揮創(chuàng)意的渠道和自我表達的機會。這些工作坊涵蓋廣泛的藝術門類，包括繪畫、書法、陶藝和手工藝。通過參加這些活動，老年人可以發(fā)掘自己的藝術天賦，激發(fā)認知能力，并體驗成就感。

Music and dance performances tailored for the elderly are also a significant component of the culture and entertainment sector. These events showcase a variety of genres and styles， ranging from traditional Chinese music to contemporary performances.

為老年人量身定制的音樂和舞蹈表演也是文化娛樂行業(yè)的重要組成部分。表演活動的類型和風格多種多樣，從中國傳統音樂到現代表演應有盡有。

（譯者為“《英語世界》杯”翻譯大賽獲獎者）