楊學(xué)玲

當(dāng)作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞和前面的賓語之間是被動關(guān)系時，一般應(yīng)用動詞的-ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。

1．在感官動詞see, hear, feel, notice, watch, find等后作賓語補(bǔ)足語。

I heard the Ninth Symphony played last night.

昨晚我聽了第九交響樂的演奏。

We found all the rivers seriously polluted.

我們發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的河流都被嚴(yán)重污染了。

Yesterday I noticed a little girl caught stealing in the shop.

昨天我在商店里見到一個小女孩偷東西時被抓住了。

He felt his collar pulled by someone from behind.

他感覺到衣領(lǐng)被人從后面拉了一下。

2．在使役動詞get, have, make, leave, keep等后作賓語補(bǔ)足語。

①動詞的-ed形式作get的賓語補(bǔ)足語。

Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital.

多麗絲在醫(yī)院把壞牙拔了。

Ill just get these dishes washed and then Ill come.

我得先把盤子洗了，然后就來。

比較：

動詞get后也可接動詞不定式或動詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，和賓語是主動關(guān)系。

I couldnt get the car to start this morning.

今早我無法把汽車發(fā)動起來。

He got his sister to help him with his clothes.

他讓姐姐幫他洗衣服。

It is not hard to get him talking; the problem is stopping him!

讓他說話不難，難的是讓他停止說話。

Can you really get that old clock going again?

你真的能讓那只舊鐘再走起來嗎？

②動詞的-ed形式作make的賓語補(bǔ)足語。

He raised his voice in order to make himself heard.

他提高了嗓門，為了使別人聽清他的講話。

You should make your views known to the public.

你應(yīng)該讓公眾知道你的觀點(diǎn)。

注意：

動詞make后的賓語補(bǔ)足語可用不帶to的動詞不定式或動詞-ed形式，但不可用動詞-ing形式。

你能讓學(xué)生理解這篇課文嗎？

【誤】Can you make the students understanding the text?

【正】Can you make the students understand the text?

【正】Can you make the text understood by the students?

③動詞-ed形式作keep或leave的賓語補(bǔ)足語。

They all went home, leaving all the work undone.

所有的工作都沒完成，他們就回家了。

The detective and his assistant kept themselves locked in the room all night. 偵探和他的助手把自己整夜反鎖在房間里。

④使役動詞have 后既可接動詞-ed形式，也可接動詞不定式和動詞

-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。三者之間有一定的區(qū)別。

have…do

不定式動作由賓語發(fā)出，表示讓某人做某事。

Im going to have the teacher answer this question after class.

我打算課后讓老師回答這個問題。

have…doing

(1)讓某人做某事或讓某個動作一直持續(xù)著。

He had the car waiting outside. 他讓小汽車在外面等著。

(2)常用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“不容忍”、“不能讓”。

We wont have the child talking to his mother like that.

我們不能容忍那個孩子那樣對他的媽媽說話。

have…done

(1)賓語和補(bǔ)足語之間有邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，表示某事由別人做。

Where did you have your hair cut? 你在哪兒理的發(fā)？

(2)表示主語遭到某種不幸或陷入惡劣的環(huán)境。

The house had its roof blown off. 房子的屋頂被吹掉了。

(3)完成某事（自己也可能參與）。

He has had one thousand yuan saved. 他已存了1,000元。

(4)否定式表示“不允許”。

I wont have anything said against her.

我不允許別人說反對她的任何話。

3．動詞的-ed形式也可用在with（without）結(jié)構(gòu)中，作介詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語。

With everything well arranged, he left the office.

一切都安排妥善之后，他離開了辦公室。

She has come back with her backpack filled with interestingpicture-books. 她已經(jīng)回來了，背包里塞滿了有趣的圖書。

Without any grain left in the house, the little girl had to go begging. 家里沒有糧食，小女孩只好出去討飯。

Without any more time given, we couldnt finish the task in three weeks. 如果不再給我們多些時間的話，三星期之內(nèi)我們完成不了任務(wù)。

4．某些動詞后（如want, need, prefer, would like等），作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式被動形式省略“to be”，就成了動詞-ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。

I would like this matter (to be) settled immediately.

我希望這事立即得到解決。

Id prefer this book (to be) translated by my sister.

我情愿讓我妹妹來翻譯這本書。

We need the work (to be) finished by Saturday.

我們需要這項(xiàng)工作周六之前完成。

The peasants dont want good farmland (to be) built on.

農(nóng)民們不想讓好好的農(nóng)田被用來建造房子。