段瑞敏

動詞-ed形式作狀語和動詞-ing形式作狀語一樣，也可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。

1.表示時間

動詞-ed形式作狀語表示時間，相當于一個時間狀語從句。

Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful. 從塔上往下看，城市顯得很美麗。（=When the city is seen from the tower…）

Shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.

帶我們參觀了實驗室之后，又帶我們參觀了圖書館。

（=After we had been shown the lab…）

Completely examined by the doctors, he went back to school right away. 經(jīng)過醫(yī)生徹底檢查以后，他立刻回到了學(xué)校。

(=After he was completely examined…)

提示：

有時動詞-ed形式前可加連詞when， while等來強調(diào)時間概念。

When asked why she was late for class again, she hung her head in shame. 當被問到為什么上課又遲到時，她羞愧地低下了頭。

Once recovered, he went all out to do his work.

一恢復(fù)健康，他就全力以赴地干起了工作。

Once started, the clock will go half a month and keep good time.

一旦給這鐘上了發(fā)條，它就會走半個月，并且走得很準。

2.表示原因

動詞-ed形式作狀語表示原因，相當于一個原因狀語從句。

Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldnt help crying.

孩子們被英雄事跡感動，情不自禁地哭了起來。

（=Since they were moved by the heroic deeds…）

Written in haste, her letter is very hard to read.

因為寫得快，她的信很難閱讀。（=As it was written in haste…）

Excited by the new discovery, we decided to go out and celebrate.

我們因為新發(fā)現(xiàn)而激動萬分，決定出去慶祝一下。

(Because we were excited by…)

注意：

為了使動詞-ed形式表示的條件、讓步等意義更加明顯，我們可以加上適當?shù)倪B詞。

Even if invited, I wont go. 即使受到邀請，我也不去。

Though beaten by the opposite team, they did not lose heart.

雖然被對手打敗，但他們并沒有喪失信心。

Unless invited, he will not come back to the company.

除非被邀請，不然他不會回到公司來的。

3.表示條件

動詞-ed形式作狀語表示條件，相當于一個條件狀語從句。

Heated, water changes into steam. 水加熱就能變成蒸氣。

（=If water is heated…）

Given more time, he would be able to do better.

多給一些時間，他會干得更出色。

（=If he was given more time…）

Compared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker.

與其他教授相比，她是一位優(yōu)秀的演說家。

(=If she was compared with other professors…)

4.表示讓步

動詞-ed形式作狀語表示讓步，相當于一個though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。

Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.

盡管已經(jīng)跑得筋疲力盡，他們還是繼續(xù)追趕著那個強盜。

（=Although they were exhausted by the running…）

Laughed at by many people, he continued his research.

盡管被許多人嘲笑，他還是繼續(xù)他的研究。

（=Even if he was laughed at by many people…）

Questioned many times a day, Andrew kept silent over the murder.

盡管一天被盤問了多次，安德魯仍然對那樁謀殺案保持沉默。

(=Although Andrew was questioned many times a day…)

提示：

有時動詞-ed形式作狀語和動詞-ing形式的被動式作狀語，并沒有多大的區(qū)別，可以互換。

Suddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school.

他因突然發(fā)高燒而不能來上學(xué)。

=Being suddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school. 他因突然發(fā)高燒而不能來上學(xué)。

Brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get used to town life. 因為是在農(nóng)村長大的，他感到很難適應(yīng)城市生活。

=Having been brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get used to town life. 因為是在農(nóng)村長大的，他感到很難適應(yīng)城市生活。

5.表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補充說明。

動詞-ed形式作狀語表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補充說明時，通常位于句子的后面，相當于一個并列分句。

The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students.

老師站在那兒，被學(xué)生圍住了。

（=and he was surrounded by the students.）

He went into the office, followed by some children.

他走進辦公室，后面跟著一些孩子。

(=and he was followed by some children.)

They turned around and stood in the middle of the room, completely astonished. 他們轉(zhuǎn)過身來，站在房間中央，完全驚呆了。

(=and they were completely astonished.)

She accepted the gift, deeply moved.

她接受了禮物，深深地感動了。

(=and she was deeply moved.)

注意：

動詞-ed形式在句中不能用作主語或賓語。

被邀請出席國宴是極大的榮耀。

【誤】Invited to the state banquet is a great honour.

【正】To be invited to the state banquet is a great honour.

我不能容忍被人嘲笑。

【誤】I cannot stand laughed at.

【正】I cannot stand being laughed at.