許 梅
1. Where would you prefer to live? 你更喜歡住在哪里?
prefer作動(dòng)詞,表示“更喜歡,寧可”,用法如下:
(1)prefer后面跟名詞、動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式,表示兩者中“更喜歡某物/更喜歡做某事”。例如:
——Which do you prefer, coffee or tea? 咖啡和茶,你更喜歡哪個(gè)?
——I prefer coffee. 我更喜歡咖啡。(跟名詞)
He prefers playing ping-pong. 他更喜歡打乒乓球。(跟動(dòng)名詞)
She prefers to live in the small village. 她更喜歡在小村莊居住。
(跟動(dòng)詞不定式)
(2)prefer sb. to do sth.表示“寧愿讓某人做某事”。例如:
His mother prefers him to take part in the match.
他母親寧愿讓他去參加比賽。
We prefer you to go with us tomorrow.
我們寧愿你明天跟我們一起去。
(3)句型prefer…to…表示“喜歡……勝過……”,可以連接兩個(gè)名詞或動(dòng)名詞,表示“喜歡某物/做某事勝過某物/做某事”。例如:
They prefer Chinese food to western food. 他們喜歡中餐勝過西餐。
Mona prefers watching TV to listening to the radio.
莫娜喜歡看電視勝過聽收音機(jī)。
(4)句型prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.表示“寧可做某事,而不愿做另外的事”。例如:
I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
我寧可待在家里,也不愿出去。
She prefers to do her homework rather than play with them.
她寧可做功課,也不愿跟他們玩。
(5)句型would prefer doing sth.表示“寧可做某事”,后面用動(dòng)名詞,這里d是would的縮寫。例如:
I would prefer staying at home in rainy days.
下雨天我寧可待在家里。
Id prefer living in a large city. 我寧可住在大城市里。
2. Well, I must say Id rather live in a traditional siheyuan.
那么,我必須說(shuō)我寧愿生活在一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的四合院。
would rather表示“寧愿”,用法如下:
(1)句型would rather do sth.表示“寧可/寧愿做某事”,后面的動(dòng)詞要用原形。它的否定句是would rather not do sth.,表示“寧可不/寧愿不做某事”。這里d是would的縮寫形式。例如:
I would rather read a long novel at home.
我寧愿待在家里看一本長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)。
Theyd rather not tell him the truth. 他們寧可不告訴他真相。
——Would you like to stay for more while? 你再多待一會(huì)兒吧?
——Id rather not; I have to leave now. 不了,我必須現(xiàn)在走。
(2)句型“would rather+陳述句”,表示“寧愿……”,后面的從句通常用過去時(shí)態(tài)。用一般過去時(shí),表示將要發(fā)生或正要發(fā)生的事情;用過去完成時(shí),表示一種虛擬語(yǔ)氣,與事實(shí)相反。試比較:
I would rather you passed the exam. 我寧愿你通過考試。(將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作)
I would rather you had passed the exam. 我寧愿你已經(jīng)通過考試了。(事實(shí)上沒有通過)
(3)句型would rather…than…連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞原形,表示“寧可……,也不……;寧愿……,而不愿……”。例如:
I would rather walk there than take a bus.
我寧愿走到那兒,而不愿坐公共汽車。
The young man would rather die than betray his motherland.
那個(gè)年輕人寧可死,也不愿背叛祖國(guó)。
3. I wouldnt feel happy living in a block of apartments. 住在筒子樓里我感覺不會(huì)高興。
(1)wouldnt feel happy doing sth.表示“不喜歡或不愿意做某事”,happy后面用動(dòng)名詞。例如:
I wouldnt feel happy shopping alone. 我不喜歡獨(dú)自去購(gòu)物。
He wouldnt feel happy going to the concert. 他不喜歡去聽音樂會(huì)。
(2)a block of作量詞,表示“一群”,后面跟可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
I can see a block of goats grazing in the grass.
我看見一群山羊正在草地上吃草。
Blocks of tall buildings are standing in the city.
樓群在城市里佇立著。
We were held up by a block of cows. 我們被一群牛擋住了去路。
4. They wanted their building constructed in a way to look unnatural. 他們想讓他們的建筑以一種看起來(lái)非自然的方式去建筑。
want sth. done和want sb. to do sth.的用法區(qū)別:want sth. done表示“想讓某事被做”,過去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系,即賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。例如:
Mr Johnson wants his car repaired this afternoon.
今天下午約翰遜先生想把車拿去修理。
They wanted their house built at the end of this year.
他們想讓房子在今年年底建成。
want sb. to do sth.表示“想讓某人做某事”,動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系,即賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例如:
His parents want him to become a doctor in the future.
他父母想讓他將來(lái)成為一名醫(yī)生。
5. Both in the choice of materials and shape of buildings, ancient architecture stands much closer to nature. 在建筑的材料和形狀選擇方面,古建筑更接近大自然。
in the choice of…表示“在……的選擇上”;in the shape of…表示“在……的形狀上”。例如:
We should be careful in the choice of friends. 我們應(yīng)該謹(jǐn)慎交友。
She made a heart in the shape of cake. 她把蛋糕做成心形。
6. A is to B what C is to D. A對(duì)B而言,正如C對(duì)D一樣。
這是一個(gè)比喻句,其中what在這里表示“正如,好像”。例如:
Air is to man what water is to fish.
空氣對(duì)人而言正如水對(duì)魚一樣。
Family is to man what country is to family.
家對(duì)人而言正如國(guó)家對(duì)家一樣。
A net is to a fisherman what a gun is to a hunter.
漁網(wǎng)對(duì)漁民來(lái)說(shuō)正如獵槍對(duì)獵人一樣。
7. Once an important army factory in Beijing, Factory 798 was designed by East German architects and built with Russian help in the early 1950s. 798廠,曾經(jīng)是北京的一座重要的軍工廠,于20世紀(jì)50年代初在俄羅斯的幫助下由東德建筑師設(shè)計(jì)而成的。
in the early 1950s意為“在20世紀(jì)50年代初”,不管是世紀(jì)還是年代,前面都要加定冠詞the,介詞用in。
(1)世紀(jì)的表達(dá)法:
直接表達(dá)法:在序數(shù)詞后面加century“世紀(jì)”。例如:the 17th century“17世紀(jì)”。
間接表達(dá)法:直接在年份后面加s或s,但理解時(shí)應(yīng)該往后1世紀(jì),這與漢語(yǔ)相同。例如:the 1900s “20(19+1)世紀(jì)”;the 2000s“21(20+1)世紀(jì)”。
(2)年代的表達(dá)法:年代指特定的十年。例如:the 1930s “20世紀(jì)30年代”(指1930到1939年這十年); the 2020s“21世紀(jì)20年代”(指2020到2029年)。
8. They are decorated with small round windows that remind you of ships, bent roofs and twenty-foot high walls of glass that make them special when compared with other architecture from the same period. 它們裝飾著小圓窗,這能讓你聯(lián)想到輪船,穹頂和高20英尺的玻璃墻,這使它們與同時(shí)期的其他建筑相比顯得別具一格。
(1)remind作動(dòng)詞,表示“提醒,使想起”,常用詞組remind sb. of/about sth.,表示“讓某人想起某事”,或“提醒某人某事”。例如:
The song reminds me of my childhood.
這首歌讓我想起了我的童年。
His father always reminds him of his homework.
他父親總是提醒他做功課。
常用詞組remind sb. to do sth.表示“提醒某人做某事”。例如:
My mother reminds me to get home early. 我母親提醒我早點(diǎn)回家。
(2)句中when compared with…為過去分詞作狀語(yǔ),表示被動(dòng),完整的表達(dá)是when they are compared with…。
9. Practise expressing intention. 練習(xí)表達(dá)目的。
(1)intention作名詞,表示“打算,目的,意圖”。例如:
What is your intention?
你的意圖是什么?
He has no intention of marrying yet.
他還沒有要結(jié)婚的打算。
(2)其動(dòng)詞形式是intend,表示“意欲,打算,意思是”,后跟名詞、動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或從句。例如:
I intend to finish reading this novel tonight. 我打算今晚讀完這部小說(shuō)。
They intend visiting the science museum on Wednesday afternoon.
他們打算周三下午參觀科學(xué)博物館。
She intended that he did it.
她打算讓他做這件事。
10. Besides, no matter how well a poem is translated, something of the spirit of the original work is lost. 另外,無(wú)論一首詩(shī)翻譯得多好,原作中的某些精華也難免會(huì)消失。
本句中no matter how引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句,相當(dāng)于however。“no matter+疑問詞”,如what, how, who, when, where等,表示“無(wú)論什么,無(wú)論怎樣,無(wú)論誰(shuí),無(wú)論何時(shí),無(wú)論何地”等,后接形容詞、副詞、不定式或句子。例如:
No matter what he explains, nobody can understand him. 不管他怎么解釋都沒人能理解他。
No matter how difficult it is, he still keeps doing it. 不管這件事有多困難,他還是堅(jiān)持去做。
Dont open the door no matter who comes. 不管誰(shuí)來(lái),都別開門。
11. I used to avoid poetry until an e-pal told me I should recite poems and not look up the meaning of the words. 以前我不喜歡詩(shī)歌,直到我的一個(gè)網(wǎng)友告訴我,我應(yīng)該背誦詩(shī)歌,而不必非要弄懂意思。
(1)used to do sth.表示“過去常常做某事”,只用于一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。例如:
My mother used to tell us stories.
我母親過去常常給我們講故事。
David used to play golf. 戴維過去常常打高爾夫球。
used to do的否定式可以直接在used的后面加not,縮寫成usednt to do…,也可以用助動(dòng)詞didnt,構(gòu)成didnt use to do…,表示“過去不常做某事”。例如:
I usednt (didnt use) to go there. 我過去不常去那里。
He used to drink, usednt/didnt he? 他過去常常喝酒,不是嗎?
[注意]類似的短語(yǔ)be used to doing sth. 表示“習(xí)慣于做某事”。
(2)avoid作動(dòng)詞,表示“避免,防止,避開”,后面跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。例如:
To avoid illness, you should do some sports.
為了防止疾病,你應(yīng)該做些運(yùn)動(dòng)。
We cant avoid meeting him. 我們避免不了要遇見他。
Are you trying to avoid me? 你是不是想躲開我?
12. Ask your teacher to recommend poems to you. 讓你的老師給你推薦一些詩(shī)。
(1)recommend作動(dòng)詞,表示“推薦,介紹,贊評(píng)”,后面可以跟名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或從句。常用詞組為recommend for/as sth.。例如:
Can you recommend a good book to me?
你能給我介紹一本好書嗎?
She recommended using this method. 她建議使用這種方法。
She was strongly recommended for the post.
她被極力推薦擔(dān)任這個(gè)職務(wù)。
(2)recommend還意為“建議”,在接從句時(shí),從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”形式,其中should可以省略。例如:
I recommend that you have a walk after dinner.
我建議你晚飯后散步。
13. Reading poems takes a bit of work, but it is well worth the effort. 讀詩(shī)需要付出一些勞動(dòng),但是你會(huì)有很大的收獲。
(1)詞組be worth (doing) sth.表示“值,價(jià)值/值得做某事”。例如:
——How much is the shirt worth? 這件襯衣值多少錢?
——It is worth 50 yuan. 值50元。
The book is worth reading. 這本書值得一讀。
(2)effort作名詞,表示“努力,成就”。常用短語(yǔ)make an effort或make efforts,表示“努力,盡力”;without an/any effort“毫不費(fèi)力地”。例如:
Thats a pretty good effort. 那是很大的成績(jī)。
He made an effort to climb the big tree. 他盡力爬上那棵大樹。
14. Collect your favourite poems in a notebook and ask your friends to contribute to it. 收集一些你最喜愛的詩(shī),寫到筆記本上,并且請(qǐng)求你的朋友們投稿。
contribute作動(dòng)詞,常與to連用,表示“為……作貢獻(xiàn),有助于……”,后面跟名詞。它的名詞形式是contribution,意為“貢獻(xiàn),捐助”。例如:
They contributed food and clothing for the poor.
他們向窮人捐贈(zèng)食品和衣物。
We should try our best to contribute to our country.
我們應(yīng)盡力為我們的國(guó)家做貢獻(xiàn)。
The scientist made a contribution to his country.
這個(gè)科學(xué)家為他的祖國(guó)做了貢獻(xiàn)。