陳 斌 李養(yǎng)群 李 強(qiáng) 黃循鐳 段晨旺 李森愷
[摘要]目的:探討先天性陰莖下彎腹側(cè)矯直技術(shù)的效力。方法:對(duì)本院2000年3月到2008年8月收治的12例(3~27歲,平均6.5歲)不同程度先天性陰莖下彎患者分別采用包皮脫套,尿道周圍松解,尿道延伸,橫行包皮內(nèi)板島狀瓣部分尿道再造進(jìn)行矯治,術(shù)中人工勃起實(shí)驗(yàn)及術(shù)后隨訪(3~78個(gè)月,平均34個(gè)月)觀察下彎矯直的效果。結(jié)果:8例包皮脫套尿道松解患者,1例下彎矯治不全,1例術(shù)后1年復(fù)發(fā)。矯治不全者行背側(cè)折疊縫合后矯正;復(fù)發(fā)的行瘢痕松解后得到再次矯直,隨訪1年未見(jiàn)復(fù)發(fā)。2例尿道延伸加背側(cè)折疊縫合,無(wú)復(fù)發(fā);2例行尿道切斷松解,包皮瓣部分尿道再造的無(wú)復(fù)發(fā)。無(wú)血腫,感染,尿瘺,傷口裂開(kāi),尿道狹窄,尿道憩室發(fā)生。結(jié)論:應(yīng)用腹側(cè)技術(shù)(包皮脫套,尿道松解;尿道延伸;部分尿道重建)可以矯直先天性陰莖下彎,背側(cè)技術(shù)(陰莖背側(cè)白膜折疊縫合)可以不用或作為輔助手段用于修正小的彎曲改善形態(tài),以減少陰莖長(zhǎng)度的縮減。
[關(guān)鍵詞]先天性陰莖下彎;尿道延伸術(shù);尿道重建術(shù);尿道松解術(shù)
[中圖分類號(hào)]R699.8[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼]A [文章編號(hào)]1008-6455(2009)02-0152-03
The study of the efficacy of ventral manipulation for correction of congenital
chordee without hypospadias
CHEN Bin, LI Yang-qun, LI Qiang, HUANG Xun-lei, DUAN Chen-wang, LI Sen-kai
(the Second Plastic Surgery Department, Plastic Surgery Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China)
Abstract:ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to retrospectively assess the efficacy of the ventral surgical techniques in chordee without hypospadias. MethodsBetween March 2000 and August 2008,12 patients, ranging in age from 3 to 27 (mean 6.5) years, had chordee without hypospadias and underwent penile shaft degloving (8 cases), extensive mobilization of the urethra and dorsal plication (2 cases), and reconstructed partial urethra using a tubularized island flap (2 cases). Follow-up ranged from 3 months to 8 years, mean 34 months.ResultsOf the 8 cases undergoing degloving and releasing, residual curvature was present in 1 subject, and 6 months later, complete correction achieved by a plication of tunica albuginea, another one recurred one year after, and were corrected with a redo operation of scar resected and tunica albuginea placation. Of the 2 cases undergoing extensive mobilization of the urethra and dorsal placation, there was no complication. The 2 cases undergoing urethroplasty were straightened and did not recur during the follow-up.ConclusionsThe curvature of congenital chordee without hypospadias could be corrected using ventral manipulations (degloving, division and mobilization of the urethra, and urethroplasty). The dorsal operation (tunica albuginea placation) could be used as an ancillary technique to correct some residual bending. To avoid the risk of penis shortening, the authors suggest more radical and accurate ventral operations for the treatment of this scarce deformity.
Key words: chordee without hypospadias; congenital penile curvature; urethra mobilization; urethroplasty
先天性陰莖下彎是一種罕見(jiàn)的生殖器畸形。給患者造成嚴(yán)重心理負(fù)擔(dān),影響性生活甚至造成不育。手術(shù)方法有多種,陰莖背側(cè)白膜的折疊縫合[1]包皮脫套,尿道松解;尿道延伸[2-3];陰莖海綿體切開(kāi)腹側(cè)移植,部分尿道重建;陰莖腹側(cè)劈裂陰莖海綿體旋轉(zhuǎn)縫合[4];拆卸重組[5]等。背側(cè)操作(陰莖背側(cè)白膜的折疊縫合[1])可引起陰莖短縮,尤其是矯正嚴(yán)重下彎病例時(shí)[6-9]。能否不用或少用背側(cè)技術(shù)而使陰莖得到完全矯直目前尚無(wú)統(tǒng)一認(rèn)識(shí),為此我們觀察了12例不同程度先天性陰莖下彎的病人應(yīng)用腹側(cè)技術(shù)(包皮脫套,尿道周圍松解;尿道延伸;部分尿道再造)的矯直效果。
1臨床資料
回顧2000年3月到2008年8月收治的12例主要應(yīng)用腹側(cè)技術(shù)(包皮脫套,尿道松解;尿道延伸;部分尿道重建)矯直的的先天性陰莖下彎患者。年齡3~27歲,平均6.5歲。尿道開(kāi)口位于陰莖頭,均為下彎,勃起時(shí)明顯。根據(jù)下彎程度,對(duì)8例小于30°的行包皮脫套尿道松解,2例30°~50°的行尿道延伸背側(cè)白膜折疊,2例超過(guò)50°的病變段尿道切斷,包皮島狀瓣重建部分尿道。人工勃起觀察下彎矯直程度,術(shù)后電話或來(lái)院復(fù)診隨診3個(gè)月到8年,平均34個(gè)月。
2手術(shù)方法
2.1陰莖脫套尿道松解,尿道延伸,包皮瓣部分尿道再造:陰莖頭牽引,人工勃起檢查下彎程度。自包皮內(nèi)板冠狀溝0.5cm處環(huán)形切開(kāi),達(dá)系帶下,沿腹側(cè)中線切開(kāi)達(dá)陰囊縫,陰莖淺、深筋膜之間分離達(dá)根部。脫套達(dá)腹側(cè)薄弱部位時(shí),尿道留置尿管作標(biāo)記,粘連周圍0.25%利多卡因浸潤(rùn),張力下分離。脫套后,切斷陰莖陰囊交界處蹼狀縱膈,尿道周圍筋膜多部位切斷,深達(dá)陰莖海綿體白膜層。人工勃起試驗(yàn),觀察矯直效果。矯直不全的游離尿道,尿道下陰莖海綿體腹側(cè)白膜多部位部分橫行切開(kāi),使海綿體組織部分膨出。仍存在輕度彎曲者,于曲度最大處的陰莖背側(cè)中縫處用可吸收線折疊縫合一針修正。如彎曲明顯則切斷尿道,應(yīng)用包皮瓣重建缺損尿道。設(shè)計(jì)淺筋膜瓣覆蓋松解后的尿道。包皮設(shè)計(jì)Byars瓣,轉(zhuǎn)向腹側(cè)閉合創(chuàng)面。
2.2 術(shù)后處理:抗生素預(yù)防感染,3~7天恢復(fù)排尿。
3結(jié)果
8例脫套松解患者,1例矯直不全,術(shù)后6個(gè)月行背側(cè)折疊縫合矯直。1例術(shù)后一年復(fù)發(fā),包皮脫套瘢痕松解后矯治,隨診一年無(wú)復(fù)發(fā)。2例尿道延伸背側(cè)折疊者完全矯直,無(wú)復(fù)發(fā)。2例嚴(yán)重下彎尿道短缺,包皮瓣重建部分尿道者無(wú)復(fù)發(fā)。無(wú)血腫、感染、傷口裂開(kāi)、尿瘺、尿道狹窄、尿道憩室發(fā)生。
4討論
這組先天性陰莖下彎的患者中,單純(10例)或主要采取腹側(cè)矯直技術(shù)(2例加用了背側(cè)折疊縫合),得到徹底(12例中1例出現(xiàn)矯直不全)和持久(隨診34個(gè)月)地矯直。
先天性陰莖下彎的病因尚無(wú)定論,Mettauer[10]認(rèn)為下彎是發(fā)育為筋膜和尿道海綿體的間葉組織缺陷,未能分化而形成纖維索條,牽制陰莖造成。近來(lái)認(rèn)為是正常生長(zhǎng)的背側(cè)組織和發(fā)育停滯的腹側(cè)組織,兩者不成比例造成的[11]。病理表現(xiàn)為陰莖腹側(cè)組織短缺,包括皮膚,深淺筋膜,陰莖海綿體腹側(cè)白膜、尿道海綿體,尿道等[9,12]。在個(gè)體生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育過(guò)程中腹側(cè)組織不能正常生長(zhǎng),腹背側(cè)比例失衡,隨年齡的增長(zhǎng),陰莖的發(fā)育,畸形會(huì)更加明顯[12]。Horton & Devine[13]將其分為三型:Ⅰ型 尿道壁菲薄缺乏海綿體;Ⅱ型 尿道海綿體正常,深淺筋膜異常;Ⅲ型 尿道海綿體、深筋膜正常,淺筋膜異常。Duckett[10]分為兩型:1型 原發(fā)下彎尿道海綿體組織正常;2型 原發(fā)下彎,尿道發(fā)育不良。Donnahoo[14]發(fā)現(xiàn)除去海綿體缺陷尿道發(fā)育不良的病例后,2/3患者為腹側(cè)皮膚、Dartos筋膜缺陷,28%為陰莖海綿體比例失衡,剩下7%存在先天的尿道短缺。我們這組病人,輕度下彎8例中7例尿道海綿體發(fā)育尚可,屬于Horton & Devine Ⅱ,Ⅲ型,Duckett 1型,其余5例伴不同程度尿道海綿體發(fā)育不良,尿道短縮,陰莖海綿體腹側(cè)發(fā)育不良,腹背側(cè)比例失衡。
陰莖下彎的術(shù)式可歸納為腹側(cè)技術(shù),背側(cè)技術(shù)和旋轉(zhuǎn)技術(shù),背側(cè)操作通過(guò)折疊縫合或切除一塊背側(cè)白膜后縫合縮短背側(cè)長(zhǎng)度[1],腹側(cè)技術(shù)是松解延長(zhǎng)腹側(cè)組織(包皮脫套,尿道松解;尿道延伸[2-3];陰莖海綿體切開(kāi)腹側(cè)移植;尿道重建),旋轉(zhuǎn)技術(shù)是改變曲度的方向(陰莖海綿體腹側(cè)劈裂旋轉(zhuǎn)縫合[4];拆卸重組[5]),使腹背側(cè)彎曲變?yōu)閮?nèi)外側(cè)。背側(cè)技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)單有效,用在不超過(guò)30°的下彎,1999年調(diào)查,全美兒科學(xué)會(huì)48%的醫(yī)生選擇應(yīng)背側(cè)白膜切除折疊縫合即Nisbit手術(shù)來(lái)矯正輕度下彎[15]。但過(guò)度應(yīng)用這種方法可能引起陰莖長(zhǎng)度丟失,矯直不徹底,復(fù)發(fā)等[6-9],尤其對(duì)于嚴(yán)重下彎。游離尿道到球部,成人可以延長(zhǎng)5cm,兒童2~2.5cm,對(duì)脫套松解不能完全矯直的,松解彎曲段尿道結(jié)合背側(cè)一針折疊縫合可矯直,松解球部尿道可使45°左右的下彎矯直。游離的尿道由陰莖頭和球部供血,不會(huì)發(fā)生血運(yùn)障礙[4-5]。超過(guò)50°的重度彎曲,尿道切斷松解陰莖海綿體腹側(cè)組織,陰莖腹側(cè)缺損用游離或帶蒂組織移植修補(bǔ),缺損尿道可重建[16-17]。Hendren WH[18]用包皮脫套,尿道延伸,腹側(cè)移植,部分尿道再造治療33例先天性陰莖下彎,其中7例因吻合口狹窄,尿瘺,憩室,難以矯直的下彎再次手術(shù),最終所有病例通過(guò)腹側(cè)手術(shù)獲得完全矯直。
Bhat A[19]依次用包皮脫套,尿道松解,球部松解延伸,背側(cè)折疊,尿道重建,其中尿道松解延伸作為主要操作治療25例先天性陰莖下彎,發(fā)現(xiàn)包皮脫套加尿道延伸可以矯直76%的病人,尿道延伸加用背側(cè)折疊可矯直8%病例,只有16%的患者需要分離切斷尿道達(dá)到矯直。平均隨診26個(gè)月無(wú)下彎復(fù)發(fā),只1例尿瘺和尿道狹窄需手術(shù)處理。
我們這組病例,折疊縫合只用于在腹側(cè)矯直完成后殘余下彎的修正。多數(shù)病例通過(guò)腹側(cè)松解,白膜多處部分切開(kāi),尿道延伸可完全矯直,不丟失長(zhǎng)度。
陰莖下彎的矯治約有8%~10%的并發(fā)癥,包括:矯直不全,復(fù)發(fā),尿瘺,尿道狹窄[14,20]。和病變程度及矯治方法有關(guān)。本組病例有1例矯直不全,15°左右的下彎,是為了保證膜狀尿道的安全沒(méi)做徹底尿道分離延伸所致,背側(cè)折疊一處得到矯治。另1例術(shù)后一年復(fù)發(fā),腹側(cè)皮膚瘢痕粘連引起,重新脫套,設(shè)計(jì)淺筋膜瓣覆蓋松解后的創(chuàng)面,完全矯直,術(shù)后一年未再?gòu)?fù)發(fā)。
先天性陰莖下彎是一種罕見(jiàn)的外生殖器畸形,矯治手術(shù)有多種,腹側(cè)操作可以減少陰莖長(zhǎng)度丟失,并可以矯治絕大多數(shù)病例,應(yīng)當(dāng)優(yōu)先考慮,背側(cè)操作,作為輔助手段,在腹側(cè)缺損得到充分矯正的基礎(chǔ)上適當(dāng)應(yīng)用,不宜作為下彎矯治的主要手段。
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[收稿日期]2008-08-21[修回日期]2008-12-01
編輯/張惠娟