馬庚華
there be 結(jié)構(gòu)的非謂語形式有兩種,即 there being 和 there to be。它們主要用于比較正式的文體中,口語中用得較少。
一、there being 結(jié)構(gòu)
there being 主要有兩種用法,一是用作狀語,二是用作介詞賓語。
1. 用作狀語
there being 結(jié)構(gòu)最主要的功能是用作狀語。如:
There being nothing else to do, we went home. 沒有別的事可做,我們就回家了。
There being no taxi available, he had to walk home. 由于沒有計(jì)程車可搭,他只好步行回家。
這類結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)可與狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)換。如:
There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed.=As there is no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 由于沒有再要討論的事了,我宣布散會。
2. 用作介詞賓語
there being 結(jié)構(gòu)還可用作介詞賓語。如:
They planned on there being another meeting. 他們打算再開一次會。
There is now some hope of there being a settlement of the dispute. 現(xiàn)在還有點(diǎn)希望可以解決這次爭端。
注意,there being 用作賓語時(shí),不能用作動詞的賓語,只能用作介詞的賓語,并且這個(gè)介詞不能是 for。
二、there to be 結(jié)構(gòu)
there to be 也有兩種主要用法,一是用作動詞的賓語,二是用作介詞 for 的賓語。
1. 用作動詞的賓語
可接該結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語的動詞不多,常見的有 like, prefer, hate, want, mean, intend, expect, consider 等。如:
I don't want there to be any misunderstanding. 我可不希望有任何誤解。
Students hate there to be too much homework. 學(xué)生討厭做太多的家庭作業(yè)。
I expect there to be a big response to our advertisement. 我預(yù)料我們的廣告會有很大的反響。
注意,在 let there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中,動詞 be 不帶 to。如:
Let there be no mistake about it. 不要誤解我的意思。
2. 用作介詞 for 的賓語
用作介詞賓語一般用 there being,但用作介詞 for 的賓語時(shí),要用 there to be。如:
It was too late for there to be any buses. 太晚了,不會有公共汽車了。
They asked for there to be another meeting. 他們要求再開一次會議。
It's important for there to be a fire escape at the back of the building. 房子后面要有一個(gè)安全通道,這很重要。
(編輯 周貞雄)