李偉宏
[摘要]:在看了《教師閱讀教育論文60篇》以后,筆者又反思了自己最近一次的作文教學(xué),發(fā)現(xiàn)自己以前的作文課教學(xué)方法并未使學(xué)生的寫作能力得到提高,所以,筆者進(jìn)行了一次教學(xué)方法的改革。
[關(guān)鍵詞]:作文 教學(xué)方法 體會(huì) 反思
在看了《教師閱讀教育論文60篇》以后,筆者又反思了自己最近一次的作文教學(xué)。本月20日是每周一次的作文課,以前筆者總是為了節(jié)省時(shí)間,讓同學(xué)們回家完成作文內(nèi)容,結(jié)果自然是同學(xué)之間有相互借鑒的,有翻找資料和書籍查寫的,套用一些現(xiàn)成的話語,未能達(dá)到提高學(xué)生寫作能力的目的,所以,筆者決定“改革”一次——利用上課20分鐘時(shí)間(按高考標(biāo)準(zhǔn))完成一篇作文,內(nèi)容是My school life。
一、教學(xué)定位的思考
我們高二英語Module2的幾篇閱讀內(nèi)容分別是Highlights of My senior year, After-school activities, My schooldays.所以,針對(duì)課堂的教學(xué)內(nèi)容和學(xué)生的生活實(shí)際,筆者給學(xué)生確立了題目My school life,要求分3段寫。第一部要求寫目前學(xué)校的情況及課外活動(dòng),第二部分主要寫your ideal school包括your favorite activities and explain the reason。第三部分主要寫your highlights at school.作為高二學(xué)生,他們的認(rèn)識(shí)能力比初中階段有進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展。形成獲取信息,處理信息,分析問題和解決問題的能力。因此,培養(yǎng)提高學(xué)生的語言輸出能力就特別重要。他們的學(xué)習(xí)也應(yīng)由死記硬背轉(zhuǎn)向理解型,應(yīng)用型,學(xué)會(huì)把語言學(xué)習(xí)與現(xiàn)實(shí)生活聯(lián)系起來,不再認(rèn)為英語課堂學(xué)習(xí)很枯燥,同時(shí)傳達(dá)學(xué)生一種積極向上的樂觀的生活態(tài)度。
二、動(dòng)態(tài)生成問題的思考
1.在批改的過程中,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)多數(shù)同學(xué)能學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)以至用,把我們平時(shí)復(fù)述課文中的句子運(yùn)用到作文中去。但讓我出乎意料的是,有些學(xué)生的語言輸出能力幾乎為零。這也讓我不禁反思我在閱讀教學(xué)中的語言輸入問題,尤其是對(duì)這些“問題”同學(xué)的教學(xué),應(yīng)多給予他們一些關(guān)注,從一點(diǎn)一滴做起,哪怕是一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)進(jìn)步也應(yīng)給予他們肯定、鼓勵(lì)和表揚(yáng),所以,我欣然的在他們的作文本上寫上:Its really better than before. congratulations.課后還有幾個(gè)同學(xué)竟然主動(dòng)問我如何改正文章中的錯(cuò)句,他們欣喜的同時(shí),我也感到了一絲的欣慰。
2.學(xué)生在作文中提到了對(duì)學(xué)校regulations的一些個(gè)人見解,文中是這樣寫的:But our school regulations are strict. Being punctual for classes was essential. Still there are so many silly rules for us to follow, which irritate or upset me. We have lots of homework to do and have limited time to relax ourselves. So I would like to see a new shorter timetable introduced in the future.對(duì)于學(xué)生這樣的個(gè)人見解,作為老師的我也很同情他們,但是在情感教育方面,還是應(yīng)該給學(xué)生以正確的引導(dǎo),讓學(xué)生以一種積極的(positive)心態(tài)來學(xué)習(xí),參加學(xué)校的各項(xiàng)活動(dòng),遵守學(xué)校的各項(xiàng)規(guī)章制度,充分做好迎接挑戰(zhàn)的準(zhǔn)備。
三、教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)的思考
筆者是根據(jù)學(xué)生的實(shí)際情況和課時(shí)的安排,將完整的一節(jié)作文課分為兩節(jié)課各占一部分,即第一節(jié)課的后20多分鐘用來學(xué)生寫作,第二節(jié)課的前20分鐘用來作文講評(píng)(因?yàn)槲乙谂膶W(xué)生的作文后,才能做作文講評(píng))。步驟如下:
1.學(xué)生寫作(提出寫作要求,人稱/事態(tài)/段落/內(nèi)容/速度/詞組/句式等)。
2.學(xué)生出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的單詞拼寫、詞匯和句子,教師整理后,全班改錯(cuò)。
3.典型錯(cuò)句,寫在黑板上,全班集體找錯(cuò)。
4.全班4人一組,互評(píng)互改他人作文(之前我已批過,對(duì)于有符號(hào)的主要改正)課堂上激發(fā)了學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的興趣,尤其是有了典型的例子之后,學(xué)生的熱情空前高漲,他們?cè)诶靡延械慕虒W(xué)資源的基礎(chǔ)上,在體驗(yàn)中互相借鑒,取長補(bǔ)短,合作學(xué)習(xí),互幫互助。
5.全班欣賞好詞佳句(課前使用多媒體做好課件)。
欣賞的句子(學(xué)生作文中選的):
(1)I have fun studying all kinds of subjects.
(2)Believe it or not, I think my school will have a beautiful playground and a basketball court.
(3)We are keen on the after-class activities.
(4)I like my school life. I think many years later when I find myself recalling the life, I will be happy.
(5)This is the first time that I have written my school life.
(6)Because it not only encourages me how to face the life, but also it teaches me how to share feelings and ideas with each other.
(7)Though it maybe not come true, I wish it could.
(8)At school the highlight is the sports meeting. Everyone made contributions to their class. And we shared much delicious food.
(9)I have a lot of things to do and a lot of problems to solve. So I have little time to play with each other.
(10)We have lots of homework and have limited time to relax ourselves. So I would like to see a new shorter timetable introduced in the future.
(11)The school life is very meaningful. In other words the school had better offered the students more chances to know the society with a heated competition.
(12)It offers us some places where we can play.
(13)But our school regulations are strict. Being punctual for classes was essential. But there are also so many silly rules for us to follow which irritate or upset me.
6.選出幾篇好的作文,全班欣賞(課前做好課件,學(xué)生打分——按高考作文評(píng)分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),比較與老師打的分值是否相符,并由學(xué)生評(píng)出理由)。
學(xué)生的一篇作文,全班欣賞:
Compared with the life in the film, my school life seems very simple. Many days is just like a day. I'm bored with biology. Everyone believes that the school will be more beautiful in the future. Me too.
My ideal school should have many after-class activities to help students develop their social skills, Which are very important. By taking part in the activities, students can show their own abilities and get on well with others. As a student in 21th century social skills are very essential.
The highlight of the year was the Christmas party. That day everyone dressed up and presented themselves.
All in all, no matter what the school life seems, I think it will be more colourful.
通過多種形式的激發(fā)和培養(yǎng),優(yōu)化課堂教學(xué)過程和教學(xué)方法,不僅僅能拓展課本教學(xué)內(nèi)容,完成教學(xué)目標(biāo),而且能極大的提高學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的熱情,這是我的感悟。
四、教學(xué)效果的思考
課后,針對(duì)作文講評(píng),筆者詢問了部分同學(xué)??傮w上,多數(shù)同學(xué)認(rèn)為這節(jié)課收獲較多。學(xué)生表示,尤其是好的作文與自己的作文比較,感覺自己語言貧乏,字組句式“用時(shí)方恨少”,以后要多進(jìn)行語言輸入。
量的積累是質(zhì)變的前提,這一點(diǎn)筆者也同意。但是筆者個(gè)人感到不滿意的是,沒有足夠的時(shí)間讓學(xué)生模仿或背誦好的語句與片段。另外,學(xué)生在互批互改的過程中,交流的時(shí)間不多,交流不充分,不能保證每位同學(xué)都有展示和收益的機(jī)會(huì)。作文課的批改量很大,教師必須在講評(píng)課之前,掌握第一手材料,然后分類歸納,后續(xù)工作量極大,對(duì)老師的確是一個(gè)“挑戰(zhàn)”。