張克印

1. be second to... 僅次于……

拓展：be second to none最佳的，不亞于任何人的；be next to僅次于；緊鄰 be superior to優(yōu)于 be junior to比……小。

例如：He is such a good player that he is second to none. (無人能比)

Next to music, he loves tennis best. 除了音樂，他最喜歡網(wǎng)球。

This employee is superior to the former in ability. 這個(gè)雇員比上個(gè)能力強(qiáng)。

He is junior to me by two years. 他比我小兩歲。

2. defend 玽t. 防御，保護(hù)，保衛(wèi)，為……護(hù)（常和from, against 連用）

He defended her from the attack of a dog. 他保護(hù)她不受狗的攻擊。

They defended the city against the enemy. 他們保衛(wèi)這個(gè)城市，打擊外來侵?jǐn)场?/p>

拓展：1) defence 玭. (美defense) 防御 (工事)，保護(hù)，保衛(wèi)；辯護(hù)

The defence of the country is everyones affair.保衛(wèi)祖國，人人有責(zé)。

2) defensive 玜dj. 防御的，愛辯護(hù)的

This is a defensive treaty. 這是防御性條約。

3. be located...: 位于……，坐落于……

The house is located next to the river.那座房子位于河畔。

4. consist of: 由……組成 / 構(gòu)成

拓展：同義短語有：be made up of; be composed of等。

【基礎(chǔ)提升】

The United Kingdom ___________Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

A. is made up for

B. includes

C. is consisted of

D. consists of

【答案：D】

5. a handful of: 少數(shù)（幾個(gè)人）；一小撮

例句：Only a handful of people attended the meeting last Sunday. 上周只有少數(shù)人參加了會(huì)議。6. cater to 迎合，滿足

例如：Some magazines caters to boys while others are intended for girls.

有些雜志適合男孩兒，而有些則適合女孩兒。

拓展：cater for sb. / sth. 提供，迎合

This play centre caters for children of all ages.這個(gè)游樂中心適合各年齡層次的孩子。

7. be bound to必定

拓展：be bound for準(zhǔn)備前往 be bound up in sth. 忙于某事；熱衷于某事

【基礎(chǔ)提升】

I feel___________ to say that popular science readings should also ___________the need of farmers.

A. like; suit

B. necessary; meet with

C. bound; cater to

D. right; satisfy

【答案：C】

8. have a preference for 偏愛

拓展：have / show preference for偏愛in preference to 優(yōu)先于by preference最好，首先；根據(jù)偏好

【基礎(chǔ)提升】

介詞填空

1) She chose to learn the violin in preference ___________the piano.

2) We dress simply___________ preference.

【答案：1) to2) by】

9. owe…to…把……歸功于……

拓展：owe sb. one dollar = owe one dollar to sb. 欠某人一美元；owing to 由于……

【基礎(chǔ)提升】

He feels that his health ___________owing to ___________a long walk every other day.

A. is improving; taking

B. has been improved; being taken

C. improved; taken

D. is improving; have taken

【答案：A 】

10. be equipped with 配備有……

拓展：equip的名詞為equipment (不可數(shù)) 設(shè)備，一件設(shè)備：a piece of equipment

對(duì)比：facility (可數(shù))“設(shè)施”，復(fù)數(shù)形式facilities。

11.distinguish...from...把……和……區(qū)分開來

distinguish A from B 也可以作 distinguish between A and B把A和B區(qū)分開來

例如：The twins are so alike that it is ヾifficult to distinguish one from the other.

這對(duì)雙胞胎長得太像了以致于很難把他們區(qū)分開來。

類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：tell A from B；tell the difference between A and B：分辨A和B

例如：Can you tell Tom from his twin brother? 你能分辨出湯姆和他的孿生兄弟嗎？

It is hard to tell the difference between the two ﹙ersions. 很難分辨這兩個(gè)版本有何區(qū)別。

12. be worthy of... 值得……

拓展：be worthy 值得，后面接of being done，或接to be done.

be worth doing (worth后面用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義，另worth前表程度的修飾語只能用well)。

This book is well worth reading. 這本書很值得一讀。

這個(gè)鐘不值得修。(3種表達(dá)法)

The clock isnt worth repairing.

The clock isnt worthy of being repaired.

The clock isnt worthy to be repaired.

特別提醒：在表示價(jià)值多少錢時(shí)用be worth而不能用be worthy of +名詞短語。

如：How much is this painting worth?這幅畫值多少錢？

13. impressive 玜dj. 給人留下深刻印象的；令人欽佩的

拓展：impress 玽t. 使（某人）印象深刻；impress sb. with sb. / sth. vt. 給某人留下深刻印象；

impress sth. on / upon sb. 使……意識(shí)到，使……銘記，給某人留下深刻印象；

impression 玭. 印象

Harry Potter is one of the mostimpressivenovels of recent years.

《哈利?波特》是近年來給人印象最深刻的小說之一。

The bookimpresseda lot of people. 那本書在很多人心中留下深刻印象。

Everyonewas deeply impressedby / at / with his knowledge.

他的學(xué)問給大家留下了深刻印象。

His behaviour left (made) a badimpressionon her.

他的行為給她留下了一個(gè)惡劣的印象。

14. as / so far as...is / are concerned就……而言

拓展：concern 作名詞，意為：“擔(dān)心，憂慮”；“關(guān)心，關(guān)愛，關(guān)注”。

作動(dòng)詞，意為：“(事情)與……有關(guān)”；“使 某人與……有關(guān) (通常用被動(dòng)語態(tài))”；“使某人為……擔(dān)心 (通常用被動(dòng)語態(tài))”

be concerned about (with, for, over) 為……擔(dān)憂；關(guān)心……

The president is deeply concerned about the issue. 總統(tǒng)對(duì)這個(gè)問題深感擔(dān)憂。

He has been soundly defeated at chess. 他在國際象棋比賽中一敗涂地。

【詞義辨析】defeat, beat, win, earn, seize

1) defeat 與 beat 都可以表示在戰(zhàn)斗中或競賽中“戰(zhàn)勝或擊敗 (對(duì)手)”，后接競爭對(duì)手，如：sb., a team, a nation等。此用法兩詞可通用。此外，defeat還有“(計(jì)劃、希望等) 受挫，失敗”之意；beat還有“(風(fēng)雨) 吹打，(波浪) 拍打；(心臟) 跳動(dòng)”等意思。

2) win“戰(zhàn)勝，贏得”，它的賓語通常是比賽 (match, game, competition)，獎(jiǎng)牌、獎(jiǎng)品(a medal or prize)、戰(zhàn)爭 (war) 或榮譽(yù)等，而不能接競爭對(duì)手。

3) earn 贏得，掙得，表示通過工作等獲得錢財(cái)和利益或經(jīng)過努力獲得地位和榮譽(yù)等。

4) seize 用來表示“奪取城市。”

【即時(shí)操練】

1) Jack is so good at football that I have never_______________ her.

2) Helping others all the time_____________ him the respect of all.

3) Which team do you know will _____________the football match?

4) The rain is _____________against the windows all the day.

答案：1) defeated / beaten 2) earned 3) win 4) beating

3. while 玞onj. & 玭.

1) 當(dāng)……時(shí)候，在此期間

I was reading while you were drying your hair.

While I was in China I visited the Great Wall.

2) 雖然

While I accept that hes not perfect, I do actually quite like the man.

3) 而，但是

He gets six thousand yuan a year while I only get five hundred yuan.

Jack is very extrovert and confident while his brother is shy and quiet.

4) 一會(huì)兒 (一點(diǎn)) 時(shí)間

I have stayed here for a short while.

You were there quite a while (= a long time), werent you?

Ill be fine in a while (= soon).

4. impact 玭. & 玽.

1) 影響，沖擊；影響

例如：the impact of a collision 碰撞時(shí)的沖擊

The bomb exploded on impact.炸彈在撞擊時(shí)爆炸了。

2) impact 玽. 對(duì)……發(fā)生影響

例如：Falling export rates have impacted (on) the countrys economy quite considerably.

出口率的下降已經(jīng)極大地影響了國家經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。

【聯(lián)想發(fā)散】

have an impact on sth.=have an effect on sth.=have an influence on sth.

5. responsible adj. 有責(zé)任的，應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任的

例如：be responsible for sth. / doing sth. 承擔(dān)責(zé)任；對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)

All pilots are responsible for their passengers safety. 所有飛行員均應(yīng)對(duì)乘客的安全負(fù)責(zé)。

responsibilityn.職責(zé)，義務(wù)， 責(zé)任，負(fù)責(zé)

Terrorists have claimed responsibility for (= stated that they caused) yesterdays bomb attack.

恐怖分子已經(jīng)宣稱對(duì)昨天的炸彈襲擊負(fù)責(zé)。

【聯(lián)想發(fā)散】

response 玭. 回答，答復(fù)—responsible 玜dj. 負(fù)責(zé)的—responsibly adv. 明事理地，合乎理性地，可信賴地—responsibility 玭. 責(zé)任，義務(wù)

【高考鏈接】

The government plans to bring in new laws _____________parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. (2009 江西卷)

A. forcedB. forcing

C. to be forcedD. having forced

答案：B。

6. carry sth. out完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)，貫徹，執(zhí)行

例如：Dont blame me; Im only carrying out my orders/instructions. 不要怪我，我只是執(zhí)行命令而已。

【高考鏈接】

1） The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _____________the next year. (2000全國卷)

A. carry outB. carrying out

C. carried outD. to carry out

2） The news of the mayors coming to our school for a visit was _____________on the radio yesterday. (2007福建卷)

A. turned outB. found out

C. given outD. carried out

答案：1） C 2） C