沈 駿,喬宇琪,冉志華,童錦祿,朱明明,王天蓉,黃美蘭
1.上海交通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬仁濟(jì)醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科,上海 200001;2.上海市消化疾病研究所
Obestatin與Ghrelin在炎癥性腸病中的表達(dá)及臨床價值
沈 駿1,2,喬宇琪1,2,冉志華1,2,童錦祿1,2,朱明明1,2,王天蓉1,2,黃美蘭1,2
1.上海交通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬仁濟(jì)醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科,上海 200001;2.上海市消化疾病研究所
目的研究炎癥性腸病患者血漿Obestatin和Ghrelin的表達(dá)水平,分析血漿Obestatin和Ghrelin表達(dá)水平對炎癥性腸病的診斷和鑒別意義。方法應(yīng)用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(Enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay,ELISA)對克羅恩病患者、潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者和正常對照者血漿中Obestatin及Ghrelin的表達(dá)進(jìn)行分析。通過受試者工作特征曲線(receiver-operating characteristic,ROC)觀察血漿Obestatin、Ghrelin水平及Obestatin/Ghrelin比值在克羅恩病和潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎的診斷和鑒別價值,數(shù)據(jù)處理使用GraphPad Prism 5。結(jié)果潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者(P<0.0001)和克羅恩病患者(P=0.0001)血漿Obestatin水平均顯著高于正常對照者,并且潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者血漿Obestatin水平顯著高于克羅恩病患者(P=0.0003)。潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者(P=0.0279)和克羅恩病患者(P=0.0192)血漿Ghrelin水平均顯著高于正常對照者,但是潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者和克羅恩病患者間血漿Ghrelin水平無顯著性差異(P=0.9331)。潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者血漿Ghrelin/Obestatin比值顯著低于正常對照者(P=0.0487),但是克羅恩病患者血漿Ghrelin/Obestatin比值與潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者(P=0.1076)和正常對照者(P=0.8136)無顯著性差異。血漿Obestatin水平對于區(qū)分潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者和正常對照者(AUC=0.8791,P<0.0001)、克羅恩病患者和正常對照者(AUC=0.7317,P=0.0001)以及潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎和克羅恩病患者(AUC=0.7340,P=0.0001)具有顯著的鑒別診斷價值。血漿Ghrelin水平對于區(qū)分克羅恩病患者和正常對照者具有顯著的診斷價值(AUC=0.6660,P=0.0059)。但是,血漿Ghrelin/Obestatin比值對于區(qū)分潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎和正常對照者無顯著的鑒別診斷價值(AUC=0.5608,P=0.2923)。結(jié)論潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎和克羅恩病患者血漿Obestatin及Ghrelin水平增高,綜合評估潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎和克羅恩病患者血漿Obestatin、Ghrelin以及Ghrelin/Obestatin比值對疾病的診斷和鑒別有一定意義。
Obestatin;Ghrelin;克羅恩病;潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎
炎癥性腸病(Inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)是一種發(fā)病機(jī)制尚不清除的疾病,綜合致病因素較多。通常認(rèn)為炎癥性腸病的致病過程與遺傳因素、環(huán)境因素、免疫因素及感染因素有關(guān),但關(guān)于各因素在疾病的發(fā)生發(fā)展過程中的具體作用機(jī)制并不明確,探尋炎癥性腸病的發(fā)病機(jī)制正在逐漸成為近年來研究的熱點(diǎn)。Ghrelin是一種由胃和十二指腸共同合成的多肽,又被稱為饑餓激素或胃促生長激素,可以調(diào)節(jié)生長激素、催乳素、腎上腺素等多種激素的釋放,促進(jìn)攝食、促進(jìn)胃動力及保護(hù)胃黏膜的作用,其在炎癥性腸病中的作用和價值,近年來正越來越多地受到關(guān)注[1-2]。Obestatin是與Ghrelin同一基因編碼的另一種多肽,同樣與食物的攝取有關(guān),也被稱為肥胖抑制素。一些研究顯示其對Ghrelin的功能存在一定的相關(guān)性,這兩種激素的共同作用在炎癥性腸病發(fā)病過程可能起到了重要的作用[3]。本研究旨在了解Obestatin、Ghrelin在炎癥性腸病患者與正常對照者中的表達(dá)水平差異,了解兩者與炎癥性腸病發(fā)病的關(guān)系,為進(jìn)一步深入研究炎癥性腸病的胃腸激素打下基礎(chǔ)。
1.1 研究對象 回顧性研究2005年12月-2008年6月間在上海交通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬仁濟(jì)醫(yī)院就診的42例克羅恩病(Crohn’s disease)患者和49例潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎(ulcerative colitis)患者的外周血標(biāo)本。同時,在2008年1月-2008年6月間,納入了52例正常對照(healthy controls)者外周血標(biāo)本。所有患者和正常對照者在標(biāo)本留取前均簽署知情同意書。
1.2 酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn) ELISA試劑盒購自Adlitteram Diagnostic Labortories(San Diego,CA,USA)。所有對象經(jīng)12 h空腹,于第2天早晨肘正中靜脈采血,采血使用EDTA真空抗凝管,2500×g離心10 min分離血漿-80℃保存。按照ELISA試劑盒進(jìn)行操作,在450 nm 處測出吸光值,以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品 0、0.5、1、2.5、5、10 ng/mL之OD值,使用計(jì)算機(jī)軟件,繪制出標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線,計(jì)算樣品含量。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)分析 應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件GraphPad Prism 5進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。一般數(shù)據(jù)描述采用均數(shù)和95%置信區(qū)間(confidence interval,CI)表示,計(jì)數(shù)資料用頻數(shù)和構(gòu)成表示;缺失值不納入統(tǒng)計(jì)。采用單因素方差分析(one way ANOVA)比較克羅恩病患者、潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者和正常對照者血漿Obestatin、Ghrelin水平及Ghrelin/Obestatin比值差異。受試者工作曲線(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)分析血漿 Obestatin、Ghrelin水平及Obestatin/Ghrelin比值在克羅恩病和潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎的診斷和鑒別價值。
2.1 一般資料 共有42例克羅恩病患者(男29例,女13例)、49例潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者(男32例,女17例)以及52例正常對照者(男26例,女26例)納入本研究??肆_恩病、潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者以及正常對照者的中位年齡分別為32.21 歲(95%CI:28.53 ~35.90)、41.96 歲(95%CI:38.28 ~45.64)和 34.44 歲(95%CI:31.14 ~37.75)。
2.2 炎癥性腸病患者和正常對照者血漿中Obestatin、Ghrelin表達(dá)及Obestatin/Ghrelin比值的差異 ELISA分析表明,潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者、克羅恩病患者以及正常對照者的血漿Obestatin的分別為2.466 ng/mL(95%CI:2.304 ~ 2.628)、1.928 ng/mL(95%CI:1.697 ~2.160)和 1.307 ng/mL(95%CI:1.093 ~1.520);血漿Ghrelin濃度分別為 12.98 ng/mL(95%CI:8.135 ~17.83)、12.71 ng/mL(95%CI:8.454 ~16.97)和 7.194 ng/mL(95%CI:5.416 ~8.971);血漿 Ghrelin/Obestatin比值分別為5.330(95%CI:3.544 ~7.116)、10.14(95%CI:4.492 ~ 15.79)和 9.352(95%CI:5.739 ~ 12.96)。方差分析結(jié)果提示潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者(P<0.0001)和克羅恩病患者(P=0.0001)血漿Obestatin水平均顯著高于正常對照者,并且潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者血漿Obestatin水平顯著高于克羅恩病患者(P=0.0003)。潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者(P=0.0279)和克羅恩病患者(P=0.0192)血漿Ghrelin水平均顯著高于正常對照者,但是潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者和克羅恩病患者間血漿Ghrelin水平無顯著差異(P=0.9331)。潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者血漿Ghrelin/Obestatin比值顯著低于正常對照者(P=0.0487),但是克羅恩病患者血漿Ghrelin/Obestatin比值與潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者(P=0.1076)和正常對照者(P=0.8136)無顯著性差異(見圖1)。
圖1 潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者、克羅恩病患者以及正常對照者的血漿Obestatin、Ghrelin的水平及Ghrelin/Obestatin比值差異Fig 1 Different levels of plasma Obestatin,Ghrelin and Ghrelin/Obestatin ratio in patients with ulcerative colitis,patients with Crohn’s disease and healthy controls
2.3 潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者、克羅恩病患者血漿中Obestatin、Ghrelin表達(dá)及 Ghrelin/Obestatin比值對疾病的診斷和鑒別價值分析 在分析表明潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者與克羅恩病患者血漿中Obestatin、Ghrelin的水平存在差異的基礎(chǔ)上,本研究進(jìn)一步通過ROC曲線分析血漿 Obestatin、Ghrelin水平及 Obestatin/Ghrelin比值在克羅恩病和潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎的診斷和鑒別價值。ROC曲線的分析表明,血漿Obestatin水平對于區(qū)分潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者和正常對照者(AUC=0.8791,P<0.0001,見圖2A)、克羅恩病患者和正常對照者(AUC=0.7317,P=0.0001,見圖 2B)以及潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎和克羅恩病患者(AUC=0.7340,P=0.0001,見圖2C)具有顯著的鑒別診斷價值。血漿Ghrelin水平對于區(qū)分克羅恩病患者和正常對照者具有顯著的診斷價值(AUC=0.6660,P=0.0059,見圖 2D)。但是,血漿Ghrelin水平對于區(qū)分潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者和正常對照者(AUC=0.6026,P=0.0757)以及克羅恩病患者(AUC=0.5746,P=0.2218)無顯著的鑒別價值。此外,雖然潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者血漿Ghrelin/Obestatin比值顯著低于正常對照者,但是血漿Ghrelin/Obestatin比值對于區(qū)分潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎和正常對照者(AUC=0.5608,P=0.2923)無顯著鑒別價值。
Ghrelin是一種腦腸肽,主要由胃合成,在白色脂肪組織中有痕量表達(dá)。它是生長激素促分泌受體(growth hormone secretagogue receptor,GHS-R)的配體,具有多種生理功能[4]。Ghrelin可以被單核細(xì)胞及T細(xì)胞表達(dá),抑制部分細(xì)胞因子的活化,包括白介素(interleukin)、腫瘤壞死因子-α(tumor necrosis factorα,TNF-α)以及瘦素(leptin)[5]。在胃腸道疾病方面,有學(xué)者發(fā)現(xiàn)在乳糜瀉(celiac disease)患者中,Ghrelin的血漿水平升高,但機(jī)制尚不清楚[6]。在活動性炎癥性腸病患者中,Ghrelin的血漿水平增高[7]。本研究同樣發(fā)現(xiàn)了炎癥性腸病患者中Ghrelin血漿水平高于正常對照者的現(xiàn)象,這和目前已有的研究一致。由于Ghrelin存在一定程度的對抗炎癥的作用,使之成為一種可能的潛在治療藥物。盡管Ghrelin所扮演的角色尚不清除,但其減輕炎癥的作用在部分動物模型中已經(jīng)得到了驗(yàn)證[2]。同時Ghrelin可以增加腸道運(yùn)動,增加食物攝取量,對炎癥性腸病的恢復(fù)可能存在幫助。有學(xué)者發(fā)現(xiàn),Ghrelin的使用可以使結(jié)腸炎大鼠模型的結(jié)腸血流量增加,但其與疾病是否存在直接或間接聯(lián)系尚無法確定[8]。盡管Ghrelin可以促進(jìn)生長激素分泌,但由于既往研究認(rèn)為生長激素并無確切的改善炎癥性腸病的作用,所以并不作為改善炎癥性腸病機(jī)制進(jìn)行考慮[9]。從本文的研究結(jié)果來看,作為臨床指標(biāo),Ghrelin在炎癥性腸病與正常對照組之間存在明顯的差異,但是其診斷效果似乎并不理想。在既往研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),Ghrelin在炎癥性腸病活動期患者中升高更為明顯,本研究的數(shù)據(jù)尚無法對這一觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行確認(rèn),需有待進(jìn)一步研究。
Obestatin是由Ghrelin同一基因編碼的另一種胃腸激素,Obestatin與Ghrelin在功能上存在一定的相關(guān)性,與Ghrelin結(jié)合 GHS-R不同,Obestatin與腦中的“Orphan”G蛋白結(jié)合,這兩種激素受體均屬于促生長激素釋放激素受體家族,目前Obestatin與炎癥性腸病活動的相關(guān)性尚不明確[10]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Obestatin在克羅恩病與潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者中存在差異,作為臨床指標(biāo)而言,有一定的鑒別價值,但無法確定Obestatin是否與疾病的活動存在相關(guān)性。Alexandridis等[10]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Ghrelin/Obestatin的比值與炎癥性腸病的活動存在相關(guān)性,但研究結(jié)果并未對克羅恩病及潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎進(jìn)行區(qū)分。本研究中對克羅恩病、潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎的Ghrelin/Obestatin比值進(jìn)行了區(qū)分,潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎的Ghrelin/Obestatin的比值低于正常對照者。
圖2 潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者、克羅恩病患者和正常對照者血漿中Obestatin、Ghrelin水平及Ghrelin/Obestatin比值對疾病的診斷和鑒別價值ROC曲線 A:血漿Obestatin水平區(qū)分潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者和正常對照者的ROC曲線;B:血漿Obestatin水平區(qū)分克羅恩病患者和正常對照者的ROC曲線;C:血漿Obestatin水平區(qū)分潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者和克羅恩病患者的ROC曲線;D:血漿Ghrelin水平區(qū)分克羅恩病患者和正常對照者的ROC曲線Fig 2 Receiver operating characteristic curves of disease diagnostic and differential value for plasma levels of Obestatin,Ghrelin and Obestatin/Ghrelin ratio in patients with ulcerative colitis,Crohn’s disease and healthy controls. A:ROC curves of obestatin and healthy controls in different plasmal levels of obestatin;B:ROC curves of Ghrelin and healthly controls in different plasmal levels of obestatin;C:ROC curves of Obestatin and Ghrelin in different plasmal levels of obestatil;D:ROC curvels of Ghrelin and healthly contrals in different plasmal levels of obestatil
Obestatin及Ghrelin作為兩種近年來新發(fā)現(xiàn)的胃腸激素,其在胃腸道疾病診斷中的價值已經(jīng)越來越多地得到了重視,然而目前關(guān)于這兩種胃腸激素在炎癥性腸病發(fā)病中的研究主要停留在血漿學(xué)定量分析,較少涉及其信號通路的研究。目前患者血漿學(xué)及動物模型研究已經(jīng)證實(shí)Obestatin及Ghrelin與炎癥性腸病的活動性可能存在一定的關(guān)系,Ghrelin在免疫細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)也得到了證實(shí),為其作用機(jī)制的研究打下了良好的基礎(chǔ)。同時Obestatin及Ghrelin作為潛在診斷及鑒別診斷指標(biāo),需要進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大樣本以證實(shí)。
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Expression and clinical significance of Obestatin and Ghrelin in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
SHEN Jun,QIAO Yuqi,RAN Zhihua,TONG Jinlu,ZHU Mingming,WANG Tianrong,HUANG Meilan
1.Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine Renji Hospital;2.Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease,Shanghai 200001,China
ObjectiveTo investigate plasma levels of Obestatin and Ghrelin in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and to analyze diagnostic and differential significance of Obestatin and Ghrelin in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.MethodsEnzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay(ELISA)was applied to analyze plasma expression of Obestatin and Ghrelin in patients with Crohn’s disease,Ulcerative colitis and healthy controls.Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)was used to observe diagnostic and differential value of plasma Obestatin,Ghrelin levels and Obestatin/Ghrelin Ratio in patients with Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative colitis.Data was analyzed with GraphPad Prism 5.ResultsPlasma levels of Obestatin were significant higher in patients with ulcerative colitis(P <0.0001)and Crohn’s disease(P=0.0001)than that in healthy controls.And plasma levels of Obestatin were significantly higher in patients with ulcerative colitis than that in patients with Crohn’s disease(P=0.0003).Plasma levels of Ghrelin were significantly higher in patients with Ulcerative colitis(P=0.0279)and Crohn’s disease(P=0.0192)than that in healthy controls.However,there was no significant difference of plasma levels of Ghrelin in patients with ulcerative colitis and in patients with Crohn’s disease(P=0.9331).Moreover,plasma Ghrelin/Obestatin ratio was significant lower in patients with ulcerative colitis than that in healthy controls(P=0.0487).However,plasma Ghrelin/Obestatin ratio showed no significant difference in patients with Crohn’s disease than that in patients with ulcerative colitis(P=0.1076)or healthy controls(P=0.8136).Plasma level of Obestatin showed significantly differential value in distinguishing patients with ulcerative colitis and healthy controls(AUC=0.8791,P <0.0001),patients with Crohn’s dis-ease and healthy controls(AUC=0.7317,P=0.0001),or patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease(AUC=0.7340,P=0.0001).Furthermore,plasma levels of Ghrelin showed significantly diagnostic value in distinguishing patients with Crohn’s disease and healthy controls(AUC=0.6660,P=0.0059).However,plasma Ghrelin/Obestatin ratio showed no significantly differential value in distinguishing patients with ulcerative colitis and healthy controls(AUC=0.5608,P=0.2923).ConclusionPlasma levels of Obestatin and Ghrelin increase in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.Comprehensive assessment of plasma Obestatin,Ghrelin and Ghrelin/Obestatin ratio in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease show certain value in diagnosis and differentiation.
Obestatin;Ghrelin;Crohn's disease;Ulcerative colitis
R575.2
A
1006-5709(2012)11-1073-04
2012-04-10
10.3969/j.issn.1006-5709.2012.11.024
國家自然科學(xué)基金(81000161);上海交通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院科技基金(YZ1036);上海交通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬仁濟(jì)醫(yī)院學(xué)科建設(shè)(RJ4101305)
沈駿,主治醫(yī)師,博士,研究方向:炎癥性腸病。E-mail:shengjun@vip.163.com
冉志華,教授,博士,研究方向:炎癥性腸病。E-mail:zhihuaran62@yahoo.cn