朱巧珍
一、教材分析
1.教材內(nèi)容分析
在此課之前的第一課時(shí)中,教師已與學(xué)生一起討論了一些關(guān)于自然災(zāi)害的話題,如洪水、臺(tái)風(fēng)、海嘯、颶風(fēng)、火山爆發(fā)等,并已布置學(xué)生查閱地震方面的資料,學(xué)生對(duì)該話題有良好的背景知識(shí)。
這是一篇新聞報(bào)道類(lèi)的記敘文,用第三人稱的形式講述了1976年唐山大地震,介紹了唐山大地震的震前預(yù)兆、地震造成的損失和震后的救災(zāi)情況。本文以事情發(fā)生的先后順序?yàn)榫€索,運(yùn)用大量的細(xì)節(jié)信息,生動(dòng)地再現(xiàn)了地震發(fā)生時(shí)的景象,表達(dá)了作者對(duì)災(zāi)區(qū)人民的同情心。
2.教學(xué)目標(biāo)
根據(jù)英語(yǔ)新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)關(guān)于總目標(biāo)的具體描述,結(jié)合高一學(xué)生實(shí)際和教材內(nèi)容,筆者將教學(xué)目標(biāo)分為知識(shí)目標(biāo)、能力目標(biāo)、情感目標(biāo)三個(gè)方面。
(1)知識(shí)目標(biāo)。讓學(xué)生了解唐山大地震的有關(guān)情況:地震前所發(fā)生的一些異?,F(xiàn)象,震后所帶來(lái)的毀滅性破壞以及隨之而來(lái)的全國(guó)軍民大援救等;學(xué)習(xí)并掌握本課的詞語(yǔ)、表達(dá)方式、語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu);學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)數(shù)量的不同表達(dá),了解反復(fù)、夸張、比喻等修辭手法的作用。
(2)能力目標(biāo)。能運(yùn)用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)描述地震方面的知識(shí);進(jìn)一步使用恰當(dāng)?shù)拈喿x方法與技能,提高略讀、細(xì)讀、歸納和總結(jié)內(nèi)容的能力,提高學(xué)生的閱讀技能和獲取信息、處理信息的能力;了解新聞報(bào)道的寫(xiě)作特點(diǎn)。
(3)情感目標(biāo)。感受和學(xué)習(xí)救災(zāi)人員無(wú)私無(wú)畏的精神;關(guān)注自然災(zāi)害,形成對(duì)科技在震前預(yù)測(cè)和救災(zāi)工作中的重要性的認(rèn)識(shí),并學(xué)會(huì)在地震發(fā)生時(shí)的自救和救助他人。
3.重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)
(1)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的閱讀技巧和能力。
(2)運(yùn)用所學(xué)單詞和短語(yǔ)來(lái)描述地震,理解課文中較長(zhǎng)的句子并學(xué)會(huì)劃分句子成分,體會(huì)比喻、夸張和反復(fù)等的寫(xiě)作手法。
二、學(xué)情分析
經(jīng)過(guò)高一前面三個(gè)單元的學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生已擁有小組討論的經(jīng)驗(yàn),也已經(jīng)具備一定的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和語(yǔ)言技能以及獨(dú)立思考的能力,掌握了尋讀、細(xì)讀等閱讀策略,能較好地理解大意、獲取信息。
三、教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)思路
本節(jié)課是閱讀課,旨在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生運(yùn)用本課所學(xué)的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)點(diǎn),讓學(xué)生加深對(duì)文章主題的理解,同時(shí)對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行地震時(shí)如何進(jìn)行自救及救助他人的教育。
為了激發(fā)學(xué)生的閱讀興趣,首先使用圖片引出文章的主題;通過(guò)整體閱讀,尋找段落主旨整體感知文章;再分部分閱讀理解及小組討論,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生獲取信息的能力和歸納總結(jié)能力;最后引導(dǎo)學(xué)生了解新聞報(bào)道的寫(xiě)作特點(diǎn)。
四、教學(xué)過(guò)程
Step1:Lead—in
(1)Ask the students to look at the photos of Tangshan and San Francisco to describe what they see in the two photos.
(2)Imagine there has been a big earthquake in these two cities, what might happen to all the things in the photos?
然后教師用多媒體播放一些地震的畫(huà)面。
設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明:用圖片和多媒體導(dǎo)入內(nèi)容,形象、直觀、生動(dòng),能吸引學(xué)生的注意力,激發(fā)他們的學(xué)習(xí)興趣。同時(shí),可以讓學(xué)生初步了解地震的有關(guān)知識(shí),為后面的閱讀活動(dòng)做鋪墊。
Step2:Reading
(1)Skim the reading passage and then answer the following question:
Q:What does the passage mainly talk about?
設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明:整體感知文章,了解文章大意。
(2)Fill in the table after reading.
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然后教師提問(wèn):How do you know that the earthquake lasted 15 seconds?
引導(dǎo)學(xué)生找出原文中的句子:In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明:引導(dǎo)學(xué)生快速閱讀文章,查找所需的信息,初步了解文章內(nèi)容,并明確這次地震的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和持續(xù)的時(shí)間。
(3)Divide the whole passage into three parts and summarize the main idea of each part.
Part1(paragraph1 before the earthquake):Strange things were happening but on one take any notice of them.
Part2(paragraph2~3 during the earthquake):The earthquake destroyed the city of Tangshan and shocked the people very much.
Part3(paragraph4 after the earthquake): The army came to rescue the survivors, bringing hope for a new life.
然后教師提問(wèn):Can you use one word to summarize the main idea of each part?(signs, ruins, rescue)
設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明:通過(guò)劃分段落和概況段落大意,讓學(xué)生從整體上理清文章的脈絡(luò),培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的概況能力和快速獲取信息的能力,也學(xué)生為下一步獲取細(xì)節(jié)信息的活動(dòng)打好了基礎(chǔ)。
(4)Get the students to scan the passage and then comprehend it paragraph by paragraph.
Part1:Before the earthquake
Q1:What natural signs of a coming earthquake were there? (同時(shí)呈現(xiàn)圖片)
Q2:Why does the writer repeat“rose and fell” in the passage? What rhetorical device(修辭手法)does the writer use here?
設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明:?jiǎn)栴}1通過(guò)讓學(xué)生尋找地震發(fā)生前的跡象這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題,既訓(xùn)練學(xué)生利用閱讀技能獲取信息和處理信息的能力,又讓學(xué)生了解了地震的基本知識(shí)。問(wèn)題2加深了學(xué)生對(duì)文章中反復(fù)的修辭手法的理解,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生明白作者使用這一修辭手法的目的。
Part2:During the earthquake
Q1:What happened during the earthquake?
Get the students to find some details of this part.
Details:
①At 3:42 am, the greatest earthquake of the 20th century began.
②Steam burst from holes in the ground.
③Hard hills of the rock became rivers of dirt.
④Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.
⑤Two dams and most of the bridges fell.
⑥The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel.
⑦Sand now filled the wells instead of water.
⑧Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.
接著教師提問(wèn):
Q2:Which sentence can best describe the serious damage of the earthquake?
引導(dǎo)學(xué)生找出原文中的句子:It seemed as if the world was at the end.
Q3:What rhetorical device does the writer use in the sentence?
Q4:What other rhetorical devices does the writer use?
然后引導(dǎo)學(xué)生找出如下句子:
A night the earth didnt sleep.
For three days the water in the well rose and fell, rose and fell.
Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.
Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
然后,讓學(xué)生填寫(xiě)下列數(shù)據(jù):
① 1/3 of the nation felt the earthquake.
②A huge crack that was 8 kilometres long and 30 metres wide cut across houses.
③In 15 terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
④ 2/3 of the people died or were injured during the earthquake.
⑤The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
⑥All of the citys hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone.
接著教師啟發(fā)學(xué)生思考:Why does the writer give us so many numbers to describe the damage that the earthquake caused?
設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明:教師通過(guò)提問(wèn)的方式引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注修辭手法的運(yùn)用,并用數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)確地反映地震受損程度,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生獲取細(xì)節(jié)信息的能力和概括能力。同時(shí),指導(dǎo)學(xué)生欣賞文章中的優(yōu)美語(yǔ)句,感受語(yǔ)言的魅力。
Part3:After the earthquake
Q1:How were the people helped by the army?
Q2:Could anything more to be done to help the people in the earthquake? (Group work)
然后,教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生思考以下句子的深刻含義:Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明:以上的問(wèn)題設(shè)置基于文章內(nèi)容,但又不局限于文章內(nèi)容,培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的發(fā)散思維能力。
Step3:Post-reading
Show the questions and have a discussion.
Q1:From whose point of view are events described? How do you know?
Q2:What is the mood of this passage? How is it created?
Q3:Why do you think the writer is expressing his feelings about the earthquake rather than simply reporting what happened?
設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明:了解新聞寫(xiě)作特點(diǎn),感受和學(xué)習(xí)救災(zāi)人員的可貴精神。
Step4:Homework
(1)Recite the sentences using rhetorical devices.
(2)Read the text again and again and write a summary of the text.
五、教學(xué)反思
1.本節(jié)課的成功之處
(1)本節(jié)課的設(shè)計(jì)建立在教師對(duì)教材的認(rèn)識(shí)、理解、解讀和加工的過(guò)程上,體現(xiàn)了教學(xué)的層次性和教學(xué)任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)的有效性。
(2)教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)思路清晰。整個(gè)教學(xué)活動(dòng)以閱讀為平臺(tái)分為三大板塊:讀前活動(dòng)、閱讀活動(dòng)和讀后活動(dòng)。讀前活動(dòng)的作用在于輸入語(yǔ)言及話題,激活學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)情感,為閱讀活動(dòng)打好背景、知識(shí)和心理基礎(chǔ)。閱讀活動(dòng)先是讓學(xué)生略讀,了解文章主要內(nèi)容,接著以時(shí)間為線索讓學(xué)生用一個(gè)字概括段意,幫助學(xué)生理清了文章結(jié)構(gòu),最后要求學(xué)生對(duì)文章每一部分進(jìn)行細(xì)讀。讀后活動(dòng)提出深層次的問(wèn)題,加深學(xué)生對(duì)文章的進(jìn)一步理解。
(3)問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)有效地引發(fā)學(xué)生思考。通過(guò)對(duì)文章的解讀,在細(xì)讀環(huán)節(jié),教師設(shè)置環(huán)環(huán)相扣的問(wèn)題,把學(xué)生的思維逐步引向深入,啟發(fā)學(xué)生思考、討論,激發(fā)了學(xué)生的興趣,提高了學(xué)生的閱讀能力,從而突破了教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn),提高了教學(xué)效率。
2.本節(jié)課還需改正之處
(1)由于引入和閱讀時(shí)間超出預(yù)設(shè)范圍,導(dǎo)致時(shí)間分配上前松后緊,使得后面學(xué)生討論問(wèn)題的時(shí)間不夠充裕。如果能夠給予學(xué)生更多的時(shí)間思考,學(xué)生的討論會(huì)更好地展開(kāi)。
(2)在最后的討論中,閱讀的深入讓學(xué)生對(duì)文章有了更深入的理解。但由于時(shí)間關(guān)系,只讓兩位學(xué)生發(fā)表了自己的觀點(diǎn),未能讓更多學(xué)生暢談。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]教育部.普通高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2003.
[2]席玉虎.名師說(shuō)課(新高一上)[M].北京:中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社,2006.
[3]任志鴻.高中同步導(dǎo)學(xué)大課堂[M].北京:華文出版社,2006.