李妙珍

讀寫任務的第二部分要求考生根據(jù)要求寫120個詞的作文，很多學生面對這一部分的寫作時思路混亂，東拉西扯，甚至毫無頭緒，特別是一些寫作要求模糊、抽象的要點，比如讀后感、談論相關(guān)內(nèi)容的意義和重要性等，很多學生寫完主題句后就已經(jīng)山窮水盡，無話可說了。那么，讀寫任務中應如何拓展主題句呢？

一、列舉法

列舉事例、現(xiàn)象等來說明主題句所表達的觀點。

真題：人們在參觀動物園時為什么喜歡和動物拍照（2009廣東高考）

（主題句）There are many reasons why tourists like taking photos of the animals in the zoo. Some people think it a happy memory of their visit to the zoo or the animals，while others may consider it just sort of fun to take photos with the animals in the zoo. But anyway they may not share the deep feelings of the animals.

即時訓練1：談論個人對網(wǎng)上購物的看法。利用列舉法詳寫其優(yōu)點：

（主題句） Online shopping has its advantages. ...

二、說明因果

就是在寫了主題句后，緊接著說明之所以提出這樣的觀點或看法，其原因或理由是什么，或者說明如果這樣的話，會有什么后果。

真題：假如你處在那些動物的處境，你會有什么反應（2009廣東高考）

（主題句） If I were in the same position as the animal in the zoo， I would be also strongly against being photographed. My life was greatly influenced and I didnt feel happy at all！ I think I should have some private space and time to relax myself.

即時訓練2：你對國家“禁止商場免費提供塑料袋”的看法。

（主題句）It is necessary for government to forbid shops from offering free plastic bags. ...

三、正反法

就是分別從正反兩個方面來論證或說明自己的觀點。

真題：你認為是否應該禁止游客和動物拍照。（2009廣東高考）

（主題句）I think it necessary to ban tourists taking pictures with animals. If we ban touriststaking pictures with animals，animals will have enough time to have a rest and they can leave a comfortable life. On the contrary，if we dont ban it， the animals in the zoo wont have time to sleep，which will make them sick. So all in all，we should ban touriststaking pictures with animals.

四、相關(guān)法

相關(guān)法就是把主題細化，圍繞決定事物的相關(guān)因素談論問題的方法。

真題：你怎樣看待老師對學生的影響。（2012廣東高考）

（主題句）In my eyes， a teacher should be the wind beneath the wings of students，helping them fly higher and faster rather than fill a pail. A teacher should light a fire，inspiring students to develop their mind， character and skills and empowering them to take control of their lives. A teacher should be a role model，exerting a far-reaching influence on the development of students.

即時訓練3：你對考試作弊的看法。

（主題句）In my opinion， this phenomenon will have a very bad effect on middle school studentsstudy habit.

五、敘述個人經(jīng)歷

切忌長篇大論，簡述事例的過程和結(jié)果便可。

真題：舉例說明該老師對你學習或成長的影響（2012廣東高考）

（主題句）I feel fortunate to be blessed with an excellent instructor，Jeffrey，who didnt give me up when I failed so many times in English test. Instead， he patiently cultivated my interest in English，gave me timely help with my study，and praised me for my small progress. Little by little，I felt increasingly confident in myself and showed more and more enthusiasm in English learning. At last，I made up my mind to be an English teacher like him.

即時訓練4：你碰過的一件中外文化差異的事情（2013江門一模）

Id like to share one of my similar experiences. ...

總之，構(gòu)思清晰才能有的放矢，條理、結(jié)構(gòu)清晰。在寫作時除了錘煉自己的語言之外，組織好自己的寫作思路，令到自己有話可言，而且是言之有理，言之有序，一定能取得令自己意想不到的高分！

參考范文

即時訓練1：Firstly，it is much cheaper. As far as Im concerned，online stores offer lower prices to the customers and some dont charge delivery fee if we buy more than one. Secondly，it is more convenient as customers neednt walk store after store for what they like. And its easier for them to compare products online.

即時訓練2：With this ban，shopping customers would gradually form a habit of bringing environmentally friendly bags with them so that the consumption of plastic bags would be greatly reduced.

即時訓練3：（細化）Those who usually cheat in exams will never treat study seriously again because they believe they will always get good marks without working hard. Those who never cheat in exams will consider its unfair for them， thinking studying hard is not necessary.

即時訓練4：We threw a party for my cousin and her American husband Mike. We happily prepared lots of our favorite food，including some chicken feet. But with an uneasy expression on his face，Mike refused the chicken feet， saying that people around him seldom ate that and he didnt dare to have a try. It is difficult for him to understand why we enjoyed the chicken feet so much.

（作者單位：江門市新會實驗中學）

責任編校 蔣小青