有人是幻想家,就有人是踐行者;有人寫科幻小說,就有人把小說中的科技實現(xiàn)。想象力從來都是科技進步的重要助力,所謂“沒有做不到,只有想不到”,也許說的正是這個道理。
Submarine
Known as the father of the modern submarine, American inventor Simon Lake had been captivated1 by the idea of undersea travel and exploration ever since he read Jules Vernes2 Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea in 1870. Lakes innovations included ballast tanks3, divers compartments4 and the periscope5. His company built the Argonaut-the first submarine to operate successfully in the open ocean, in 1898-earning him a congratulatory note from Verne.
潛艇
美國發(fā)明家西蒙·萊克被譽為“現(xiàn)代潛艇之父”。自從讀到儒勒·凡爾納1870年出版的科幻小說《海底兩萬里》后,他就迷上了海底旅行和探險這個想法。萊克的發(fā)明包括潛艇上的壓載艙、潛水艙和潛望鏡。1898年,他的公司建造了“阿爾戈號”潛艇——第一艘在遠海中成功航行的潛艇,萊克因此收到了凡爾納的賀信。
Helicopter
While Jules Verne is perhaps most famous for his fictional submarine, the Nautilus, the French author also envisioned6 the future of flight. Igor Sikorsky, inventor of the modern helicopter, was inspired by a Verne book, Robur the Conqueror, which he had read as a young boy. Sikorsky often quoted Jules Verne, saying “Anything that one man can imagine, another man can make real.”
直升機
盡管儒勒·凡爾納可能主要因其小說中虛構(gòu)的潛艇“鸚鵡螺號”而聞名于世,但這位法國作家也曾構(gòu)想過上天飛行的未來圖景?,F(xiàn)代直升機的發(fā)明者伊戈爾·西科爾斯基就是從他小時候讀過的凡爾納的《征服者羅比爾》一書中得到了啟發(fā)。西科爾斯基經(jīng)常援引儒勒·凡爾納的話說:“不管什么事物,只要有人能想到,就有人能把它變成現(xiàn)實?!?/p>
Rocket
Robert H. Goddard, the American scientist who built the first liquid-fueled rocket—which he successfully launched on March 16, 1926—became fascinated with spaceflight after reading an 1898 newspaper serialization7 of H. G. Wells8 classic novel about a Martian invasion, The War of the Worlds. As Goddard would recall later, the concept of interplanetary9 flight “gripped my imagination tremendously”.
火箭
美國科學家羅伯特·H·戈達德制造了第一枚液體燃料火箭,并在1926年3月16日成功地將火箭發(fā)射升空。戈達德開始對航天飛行產(chǎn)生濃厚興趣是在讀過1898年某報紙連載的小說《世界大戰(zhàn)》之后。這部由H. G. 威爾斯創(chuàng)作的經(jīng)典小說講述了火星人入侵地球的故事。戈達德后來回憶說,小說中星際飛行的想法“引起了我的無限遐想”。
Atomic10 Power
In 1914, H. G. Wells published a novel, The World Set Free, imagining the emergence of “artificial” atomic energy by 1933, followed by a devastating world war and the eventual emergence of a peaceful global government. Physicist Leo Szilard read the book in 1932, which inspired him to solve the problem of creating a nuclear chain reaction in 1933. The same book would inspire Szilard to campaign for arms control and the peaceful, international use of nuclear power after World War II.
原子能
1914年,H. G. 威爾斯出版了科幻小說《獲得自由的世界》,據(jù)該小說的設(shè)想,“人造”原子能于1933年誕生,隨后爆發(fā)了一場災(zāi)難性的世界大戰(zhàn),最終一個愛好和平的全球政府出現(xiàn)。1932年,物理學家萊奧·西拉德讀過這本書后受到啟發(fā),在1933年解決了制造核鏈式反應(yīng)的問題。同樣在這本書的啟發(fā)下,西拉德在二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后積極投身軍備控制以及國際和平利用核能的活動。
The Waldo
In 1942, famed sci-fi author Robert Heinlein11 published a short story about a physically infirm12 inventor, Waldo F. Jones, who created a remotely operated mechanical hand. Real-life manipulator13 arms that were developed for the nuclear industry in the mid-1940s were named “waldos”, in recognition of Heinleins innovative idea.
遙控機械手
1942年,著名科幻作家羅伯特·海因萊因發(fā)表了一部短篇小說,講述了體弱多病的發(fā)明家沃爾多·F·瓊斯的故事。小說中,瓊斯發(fā)明了一只遙控機械手。20世紀40年代中期,現(xiàn)實世界中的機械手應(yīng)核工業(yè)的需求而生,被命名為“沃爾多斯”,以此來向海因萊因的創(chuàng)新構(gòu)想致敬。
Cellphone
Martin Cooper, the director of research and development at Motorola, credited the Star Trek communicator as his inspiration for the design of the first mobile phone in the early 1970s. “That was not fantasy to us,” Cooper said. “That was an objective.”
手機
摩托羅拉公司研發(fā)中心的主管馬丁·庫珀在20世紀70年代初設(shè)計了第一部手機,他將自己的發(fā)明靈感歸功于科幻作品《星際迷航》里的通訊器。“對我們來說,那并不是白日夢,”庫珀說,“而是一個奮斗目標。”
·注釋
1. captivate vt. 使入迷
2. Jules Verne: 儒勒·凡爾納(1882~1905),法國作家、科幻小說的先驅(qū)。其代表作《海底兩萬里》(Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea)、《地心游記》(Journey to the Center of the Earth)和《八十天環(huán)游地球》(Around the World in Eighty Days)等都是舉世聞名的科幻小說,其中的許多科技設(shè)想都在后來成為現(xiàn)實。
3. ballast tank: 壓載艙,船空載時用來盛放壓載物的艙室的總稱
4. compartment n.【船】防水艙,水密艙
5. periscope n. 潛望鏡
6. envision vt. 想象,展望
7. serialization n. 連載
8. H. G. Wells: H. G. 威爾斯(1866~1946),全名赫伯特·喬治·威爾斯(Herbert George Wells),英國著名小說家,尤以科幻小說出名。其代表作有《時間機器》(The Time Machine)、《隱身人》(The Invisible Man)、《世界大戰(zhàn)》(The War of the Worlds)等。
9. interplanetary adj. 【天】行星際的;太陽系內(nèi)的
10. atomic adj. (關(guān)于)原子的
11. Robert Heinlein: 指美國著名科幻小說家羅伯特·安森·海因萊因(Robert Anson Heinlein,1907~1988)。他是當時影響力最大和最具爭議的作家之一,一生著作頗豐,曾四次獲得雨果獎。其代表作有《異鄉(xiāng)異客》(Stranger in a Strange Land)、《紅色的行星》(Red Planet)、《嚴厲的月亮》(The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress)等。
12. infirm adj. 體弱的,虛弱的
13. manipulator n. 操縱器;遙控裝置