重慶市忠縣任家鎮(zhèn)義興初級(jí)中學(xué)校王天和供稿
閱讀理解題是各地中考的必考題之一,分值至少在30分以上,篇數(shù)至少在三篇以上,選材范圍廣,題材體裁多樣。題型多樣,常見的有:選擇題、判斷題、改寫題、填空題、翻譯題和簡(jiǎn)答題,其中以選擇題居多,并且絕大部分是四選一的單項(xiàng)選擇題。既有對(duì)文章詞句的理解,也有對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)的理解,還有對(duì)文章主旨大意的理解。那么當(dāng)我們拿到一篇閱讀理解文章時(shí),如何來做這種選擇性的閱讀理解題,從而提高我們閱讀的有效性呢?
首先,應(yīng)快速地瀏覽一下文章后面所給的閱讀理解任務(wù)。
其次,粗讀全文,弄懂文章大意,特別注意每段的首句和尾句。
第三,復(fù)讀全文,抓住細(xì)節(jié)。帶著問題去復(fù)讀,此時(shí)要注意用wh-questions及一些定義、數(shù)據(jù)和一些關(guān)鍵詞句,初選答案。
最后,再讀全文,核對(duì)答案,特別強(qiáng)調(diào)的是此時(shí)要慎改初選的答案。
例如2012年遼寧省沈陽(yáng)市中考英語(yǔ)試題中的閱讀理解B篇:
One day,Tom decided toplay a trick on(戲弄)some people in his town.He was carrying a long rope.He stopped a man on the road.
Tom said,“Could you help me,please?”He explained that he was doing a project for school.He said that he was trying tomeasure(測(cè)量)the building,and he needed some help.Tom asked him to hold one end of the rope.“It’s just for a few minutes,”he said.The man was glad to help the young boy.He held the rope in his hand.Then Tom went around the corner.
Tom stopped a woman.He said that he was doing a project,and wanted to measure the building.He asked her to hold the rope,too.“Yes,certainly,”she said.She was glad to help the boy.She held the rope in her hand.Then Tom went away and left the two people.
The man and the woman could not see each other.They held the rope and waited for Tom.But Tom hid behind a wall and watched.He told his friend Ben.They both laughed at the two people.“They are very silly! ”said Tom.
Then Tom’s Aunt Polly came up behind them.The boys didn’t see her coming.“You naughty(淘氣的)boys!”she said.She smacked(打一巴掌)Tom and sent him home.
( )40.How many people are there in the story?
A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.
()41.Tom stopped a man and a woman on the road because he wanted to________.
A.play a trick on them B.try measuring the building
C.get help from them D.do a project for school
()42.Where did Tom and Ben hide watching?
A.Around the corner. B.Near the building.C.Behind the wall. D.Far from the road.
( )43.When Aunt Polly saw what Tom and Ben did,she was very________.
A.angry B.excited C.surprised D.sad
( )5.Which of the following is the right order to show what happened in the story?
A.a;b;c B.b;c;a C.c;a;b D.b;a;c
我們可以通過下面的圖示來理清文章脈絡(luò):
由此,我們就能很順利地知道文章涉及到五個(gè)人,所以第40題的正確答案為D;Tom在路上攔下這兩個(gè)人的目的是“play a trick on(戲弄)”,在第一段的第一句話,因此第41題答案為A;通過第四段的第三句“But Tom hid behind a wall and watched”,我們得出第42題答案是C;在文章的結(jié)尾“She smacked(打一巴掌)Tom and sent him home.”說明Aunt Polly很生氣(angry),第43題的答案為C;通過閱讀全文推理可知圖片的順序是b、c、a,因此第44題的答案為B。
在平時(shí)訓(xùn)練時(shí),為了提高閱讀的有效性,我們應(yīng)該:
1.養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀習(xí)慣,做到:多讀、善思、勤記。
多讀:有很多網(wǎng)站上都有把前幾年的中考英語(yǔ)試題編為各種專題訓(xùn)練,如閱讀理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練等等。每一個(gè)地方的中考閱讀理解試題的選材不同,體裁也不同,試題的形式不同,通過這樣的專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練,能有效的提高我們的閱讀能力。有量的輸入才有質(zhì)的輸出。
善思:我們還可以通過做閱讀理解這樣的專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練,了解各地的中考英語(yǔ)動(dòng)向,特別要注意本地前幾年這樣的專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練,做到有針對(duì)性,從而提高閱讀的有效性。
勤記:在閱讀過程中要勤于記錄文章中原汁原味的優(yōu)美片段或語(yǔ)句,這對(duì)訓(xùn)練我們的英語(yǔ)思維是有巨大的幫助的。
2.掌握技巧方法,提高閱讀速度。
閱讀時(shí)不要依賴詞典,這樣會(huì)影響我們的閱讀速度和興趣;也不要每拿到一篇文章就從頭讀到尾,這使你失去興趣;不要一邊讀一邊翻譯,很快你就會(huì)感到枯燥無味的。要使用粗讀、跳讀、細(xì)讀。方法掌握了,才有有效性。
粗讀:掌握文章大意,抓主題、中心,預(yù)測(cè)文章內(nèi)容,就像我們看廣告、翻報(bào)紙一樣。
跳讀:就是為了尋找特定的細(xì)節(jié)。
細(xì)讀:以句為單位,掌握文章全部?jī)?nèi)容,分析語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn),推斷作者寓意,邊讀邊劃出whquestions的詞語(yǔ)或句子,這可以幫助我們掌握文章的全貌,提高閱讀的有效性。
總之,通過閱讀這一重要手段,我們不僅可以大量地獲取信息,擴(kuò)展知識(shí)面,還可以增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)感,培養(yǎng)我們的英語(yǔ)思維。只要我們能在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練中夯實(shí)英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),掌握正確的方法,提高閱讀的有效性,我們做這種選擇式的閱讀理解題應(yīng)該是沒問題的。