吳少華 王華慶 錢正子 張會(huì)來(lái) 周世勇 邱立華 宋 拯 王先火
吉西他濱 長(zhǎng)春瑞濱聯(lián)合吡喃阿霉素方案治療復(fù)發(fā)難治T細(xì)胞淋巴瘤療效分析
吳少華 王華慶 錢正子 張會(huì)來(lái) 周世勇 邱立華 宋 拯 王先火
目的:探討吉西他濱、長(zhǎng)春瑞濱聯(lián)合吡喃阿霉素(GNT)方案對(duì)復(fù)發(fā)難治T細(xì)胞淋巴瘤(TCL)患者的療效和毒副作用。方法:應(yīng)用GNT方案治療69例復(fù)發(fā)難治TCL患者,方案為吉西他濱800 mg/m2,d1、8,長(zhǎng)春瑞濱25 mg/m2,d1,吡喃阿霉素20 mg/m2,d1,21天為1個(gè)周期。結(jié)果:總有效率(ORR)為65.2%,其中CR為29.0%。主要不良反應(yīng)為血液學(xué)毒性?;颊?、3、5年OS分別是71.7%、47.3%、32.4%,中位生存期為36個(gè)月。結(jié)論:GNT方案治療復(fù)發(fā)難治TCL療效較高、可耐受。
吉西他濱 T細(xì)胞淋巴瘤 長(zhǎng)春瑞濱 吡喃阿霉素
T細(xì)胞淋巴瘤(T-cell lymphoma,TCL)系起源于T淋巴細(xì)胞的惡性克隆增殖性疾病,是一類高度異質(zhì)性的腫瘤。在我國(guó),TCL占所有非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkin lymphoma,NHL)的29.8%~39%[1]。大部分TCL亞型侵襲性強(qiáng)、惡性度高、預(yù)后差,文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道5年總生存率僅20%~30%[2]。由于TCL對(duì)傳統(tǒng)化療方案不敏感,復(fù)發(fā)率較高。雖然高劑量化療支持下的自體造血干細(xì)胞移植(ASCT)可使部分患者受益,但嚴(yán)重的心臟和血液學(xué)毒性限制了其廣泛運(yùn)用。即使是一些新型藥物仍不能完全克服TCL的復(fù)發(fā)。因此,針對(duì)復(fù)發(fā)難治性TCL,探索安全、有效的治療方案是目前臨床研究亟待解決的問(wèn)題。
吉西他濱(gemcitabine,GEM)是一種細(xì)胞周期特異性的嘧啶抗代謝物,通過(guò)作用于細(xì)胞周期的S期抑制DNA的合成。已有研究報(bào)道吉西他濱,無(wú)論是單用還是與其他藥物聯(lián)合運(yùn)用,均是治療霍奇金淋巴瘤(HL)及非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)最有效的藥物之一[2-4]。本研究重點(diǎn)討論吉西他濱、長(zhǎng)春瑞濱和吡喃阿霉素(GNT)聯(lián)合化療方案對(duì)復(fù)發(fā)難治TCL患者的臨床療效和毒副作用。
1.1 研究對(duì)象
2002年1月至2012年12月天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)腫瘤醫(yī)院收治并確診為TCL,且接受GNT方案治療的69例患者進(jìn)入研究。入組標(biāo)準(zhǔn)包括:1)具有專業(yè)病理學(xué)家根據(jù)WHO分型做出的免疫學(xué)診斷;2)治療開始時(shí),外周血白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)(WBC)≥4×109/L、血小板計(jì)數(shù)(PLT)≥100×109/L、谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(AST)和谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(ALT)≤35 U/L、血清肌酐(CREA)≤80 μmol/L;3)心電圖(ECG)無(wú)明顯異常;4)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)化療方案耐藥,且阿霉素累積劑量≤350 mg/m2;5)無(wú)嚴(yán)重的合并癥,如嚴(yán)重精神障礙、心血管、呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病等。所有患者均獲得知情同意。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 治療方法 吉西他濱800 mg/m21、8d,長(zhǎng)春瑞濱25 mg/m21d,吡喃阿霉素20 mg/m21d,21天為1個(gè)周期,中位周期數(shù)為4個(gè)?;熐?0 min均預(yù)防性給予5-HT3受體拮抗劑和地塞米松。
1.2.2 療效和不良反應(yīng)評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 每2個(gè)周期治療結(jié)束后,所有患者接受體格檢查、實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查和必要的影像學(xué)檢查(CT、MRI或PET-CT)進(jìn)行療效評(píng)價(jià)。根據(jù)國(guó)際工作組制訂的非霍奇金淋巴瘤療效評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[5],將患者的療效分為完全緩解(CR)、不確定的完全緩解(CRu)、部分緩解(PR)、穩(wěn)定(SD)和進(jìn)展(PD)??傆行拾–R、CRu和PR。治療所致不良反應(yīng)根據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)立癌癥研究所制訂的腫瘤化療藥物新的不良反應(yīng)評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(CTCAE)分為1~4級(jí)。
1.2.3 隨訪 采用電話和門診復(fù)查方式隨訪。隨訪截止日期為2013年6月30日。所有患者的中位隨訪期為42個(gè)月,其中生存患者的中位隨訪期為48個(gè)月??偵妫∣S)定義為治療開始到患者失訪、死亡或末次隨訪。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
所有數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS 17.0軟件包進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)為α=0.05。P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 臨床病理學(xué)特征
所有患者的不同臨床病理特征見(jiàn)表1。本組患者男性居多(60.9%),中位年齡為59歲。外周T細(xì)胞淋巴瘤非特指型(PTCL-U)是本組最常見(jiàn)的亞型(59.4%),其次為結(jié)外NK/T細(xì)胞淋巴瘤(33.3%),間變大細(xì)胞淋巴瘤(ALCL,4.4%)以及皮下脂膜炎樣T細(xì)胞淋巴瘤(2.9%)。以初次診斷后12個(gè)月為界值[6],將患者分為早期復(fù)發(fā)者(69.6%)和晚期復(fù)發(fā)者(30.4%)。患者的既往化療方案主要為CHOP(環(huán)磷酰胺、阿霉素、長(zhǎng)春新堿和潑尼松)和類CHOP(COP、CHOEP、ECHOP、CHOPT)方案。
2.2 近期療效
總有效率(ORR)為65.2%,包括CR者29.0%和PR者36.2%。SD和PD的患者分別為15.9%和18.9%。
2.3 不良反應(yīng)
在所有患者中,血液學(xué)毒性是最常見(jiàn)的不良反應(yīng)。1~2級(jí)白細(xì)胞或中性粒細(xì)胞減少、貧血和血小板減少的發(fā)生率分別是50.7%、33.3%和26.1%。治療所致3~4級(jí)不良反應(yīng)僅見(jiàn)于23.1%的患者,其中3~4級(jí)血液學(xué)毒性見(jiàn)于21.7%的患者。非血液學(xué)毒性反應(yīng)包括惡心、嘔吐、乏力、發(fā)熱、頭痛、食欲下降、便秘和一過(guò)性肝腎功能異常。多數(shù)為輕度反應(yīng),可自行緩解。治療過(guò)程中未見(jiàn)嚴(yán)重的肺毒性、呼吸困難以及外周神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)毒性。無(wú)治療相關(guān)死亡患者。
2.4 預(yù)后分析
隨訪結(jié)束后,所有患者的1、3、5年OS分別是71.7%、47.3%、32.4%(圖1),中位生存期為36(5~67)個(gè)月。
單因素分析顯示B癥狀、淋巴細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)、β2-MG、LDH、骨髓受累、脾腫大、臨床分期和復(fù)發(fā)時(shí)間是影響患者預(yù)后的不良因素(P<0.05,表1)。經(jīng)Cox回歸模型進(jìn)一步分析發(fā)現(xiàn)淋巴細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)、LDH水平和骨髓受累是TCL患者的獨(dú)立預(yù)后因子(P<0.05,表1)。
吉西他濱是一種可被脫氧胞苷(dCK)激活的核苷類似物。研究報(bào)道該藥對(duì)多種人類腫瘤,如非小細(xì)胞肺癌、胰腺癌和卵巢癌等具有良好的療效[7-9]。最近的一項(xiàng)研究顯示吉西他濱單藥或含吉西他濱的聯(lián)合化療方案對(duì)初治或復(fù)治的HL和NHL均有較好的治療作用[2-4,6]。在一項(xiàng)Ⅱ期試驗(yàn)中,44例復(fù)發(fā)性皮膚PTCL-U患者經(jīng)吉西他濱治療后有效率達(dá)70.5%[10]。Marchi等[11]也報(bào)道吉西他濱單藥治療皮膚TCL總有效率高達(dá)75%,其中CR率為22%。Bergman等[12]探索了該藥的具體作用機(jī)制,發(fā)現(xiàn)吉西他濱可以通過(guò)抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞的多重耐藥(MDR)活性,達(dá)到治療腫瘤的目的。MDR細(xì)胞通常伴隨一種藥物外排泵,如P-糖蛋白(P-gP)或多重耐藥相關(guān)蛋白1-3(MRP1-3)的過(guò)表達(dá),使得脫氧胞苷激酶活性增加、脫氧胞苷脫氨酶活性降低,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞本身對(duì)吉西他濱的敏感性提高[13]。
許多研究已證實(shí)吉西他濱具有較高的療效和安全性,而且長(zhǎng)春瑞濱和吡喃阿霉素在惡性淋巴瘤的治療中具有重要作用。本研究回顧性分析了GNT方案對(duì)69例復(fù)發(fā)難治性TCL患者的療效和安全性。結(jié)果顯示,所有患者的ORR為65.2%,其中CR為29.0%。僅21.7%的患者出現(xiàn)3~4級(jí)血液學(xué)毒性反應(yīng)。所有患者的1、3和5年OS分別是71.7%、47.3%、32.4%,中位生存期為36個(gè)月。這與目前報(bào)道的含吉西他濱的聯(lián)合方案[4,14]和一些新的補(bǔ)救治療方案[15-16]的療效相當(dāng)。然而,盡管這些治療方案可以達(dá)到60%~70%的ORR,但嚴(yán)重的毒性反應(yīng),尤其是骨髓抑制相關(guān)并發(fā)癥,顯著影響了患者的遠(yuǎn)期生存。如CALGB 59804試驗(yàn)[4]和Royal Marsden醫(yī)院的臨床試驗(yàn)[14]中,3~4級(jí)中性粒細(xì)胞減少的發(fā)生率分別為63%和62%。此外,GNT方案不含可能導(dǎo)致NHL患者發(fā)生二次腫瘤的烷化劑,如異環(huán)磷酰胺和環(huán)磷酰胺[17]。因此,該方案具有較高的安全性。
綜上所述,吉西他濱、長(zhǎng)春瑞濱聯(lián)合吡喃阿霉素(GNT)方案治療復(fù)發(fā)難治性TCL療效較高、可耐受。鑒于本研究病例數(shù)有限,GNT方案的臨床療效和治療意義尚需大宗型病例對(duì)照研究的進(jìn)一步探究和驗(yàn)證。
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(2014-04-03收稿)
(2014-04-18修回)
(本文編輯:鄭莉)
Gemcitabine,navelbine,and therarubicin(GNT)as treatment for patients with refractory or relapsed T-cell lymphoma
Shaohua WU,Huaqing WANG,Zhengzi QIAN,Huilai ZHANG,Shiyong ZHOU,Lihua QIU,Zheng SONG,Xianhuo WANG
Correspondence to:Huaqing WANG;E-mail:huaqingw@163.com
Department of Lymphoma,Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital,National Clinical Research Center of Can
cer,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy,Tianjin,Tianjin 300060,China
Objective:This study was conducted to evaluate and discuss the curative effect and toxicity of gemcitabine,navelbine,and therarubicin(GNT)regimen for patients with refractory or relapsed T-cell lymphoma(TCL).Methods:A total of 69 patients with refractory or relapsed TCL treated with GNT were enrolled.The treatment protocol was set as follows:800 mg/m2 gemcitabine administered at 1 and 8 d;25 mg/m2 navelbine administered at 1 d;and 20 mg/m2 therarubicin administered at 1 d.This protocol was repeated every three weeks.The median cycle was 4(range:2 to 6).Results:The overall response rate was 65.2%and the achieved complete remission was 29.0%.Hematology toxicities were the main adverse reactions observed in all of the patients.The incidence rates of grades 1 and 2 toxicity in leukopenia or neutropenia,anemia,and thrombocytopenia were 50.7%,33.3%,and 26.1%,respectively. Grades 3 and 4 treatment-associated toxicities were detected in 23.1%of the responding patients.One-,three-,and five-year estimated overall survival(OS)of the whole cohort were 71.7%,47.3%,and 32.4%,respectively.The median OS was 36 months.Conclusion:GNT was effective and suitable for patients with refractory or relapsed TCL.
gemcitabine,T-cell lymphoma,navelbine,therarubicin
10.3969/j.issn.1000-8179.20140559
吳少華 碩士研究生。研究方向?yàn)榱馨土鰞?nèi)科治療。
天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)腫瘤醫(yī)院淋巴瘤科,國(guó)家腫瘤臨床醫(yī)學(xué)研究中心,天津市腫瘤防治重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室(天津市300060)
王華慶 huaqingw@163.com
E-mail:296713073@163.com