譚永興,江衛(wèi)民,李艷梅,屠云嬌
液基細(xì)胞制片免疫組化染色在胸腹腔積液診斷中的應(yīng)用
譚永興,江衛(wèi)民,李艷梅,屠云嬌
目的探討免疫組化技術(shù)在細(xì)胞學(xué)上的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。方法蘇木素和伊紅染色發(fā)現(xiàn)可疑惡性瘤細(xì)胞樣本104例,樣本保存液用液基細(xì)胞學(xué)沉降式制片進(jìn)行葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白、鈣結(jié)合蛋白、細(xì)胞表面糖蛋白、上皮抗原免疫組化染色。結(jié)果104例可疑腫瘤胸腹腔積液通過(guò)免疫標(biāo)記后均可明確區(qū)分癌、間皮瘤或反應(yīng)性間皮細(xì)胞增生。結(jié)論性質(zhì)不明的胸腹腔積液通過(guò)細(xì)胞免疫組化染色,葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白、鈣結(jié)合蛋白、細(xì)胞表面糖蛋白、上皮抗原聯(lián)合應(yīng)用可明確區(qū)分積液性質(zhì)。
胸腔積液;腹腔積液;細(xì)胞學(xué);薄層液基涂片;染色
免疫組化在病理組織學(xué)診斷中應(yīng)用廣泛,該技術(shù)隨之運(yùn)用于液基細(xì)胞學(xué)沉降式制片??偨Y(jié)我科2012年胸腹腔積液液基細(xì)胞學(xué)沉降式制片進(jìn)行免疫組化染色分析的結(jié)果,探討免疫組化技術(shù)在細(xì)胞學(xué)上的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
1.1 資料 細(xì)胞學(xué)檢查胸腹腔積液,蘇木素和伊紅染色發(fā)現(xiàn)惡性或不能排除惡性的細(xì)胞樣本104例。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 涂片制備及免疫組化染色 樣本保存液液基細(xì)胞學(xué)沉降式制片。樣本保存液用95%乙醇固定10~15 min,行鈣結(jié)合蛋白(Calretinin,CR)、葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白-1(glucose transporter-1,Glut-1)、細(xì)胞表面糖蛋白MOC31、上皮抗原(epithelial antigen,EA)免疫組化染色(均為邁新試劑)。
1.2.2 結(jié)果判定 以細(xì)胞特定部位均勻著棕黃色或棕褐色、細(xì)胞數(shù)>10%為陽(yáng)性。
104 例疑上皮性腫瘤胸腹腔積液免疫組化CR、Glut-1、MOC31、EA陽(yáng)性表達(dá)結(jié)果及對(duì)腺癌、惡性間皮瘤、反應(yīng)性間皮細(xì)胞增生的敏感性、特異性見(jiàn)圖1~4和表1。
圖1 反應(yīng)性增生的間皮細(xì)胞CR標(biāo)記細(xì)胞漿陽(yáng)性
圖2 惡性間皮瘤細(xì)胞Glut-1標(biāo)記細(xì)胞膜陽(yáng)性
圖3 腺癌細(xì)胞MOC31標(biāo)記細(xì)胞漿/胞膜陽(yáng)性
圖4 散在腺癌細(xì)胞EA標(biāo)記細(xì)胞漿陽(yáng)性
表1 104例CR、Glut-1、MOC31、EA陽(yáng)性表達(dá)及其敏感性和特異性
胸腹腔積液細(xì)胞病理學(xué)診斷傳統(tǒng)的敏感性僅為50%~78%[1],在形態(tài)上區(qū)分漿膜腔積液中轉(zhuǎn)移性癌細(xì)胞和間皮細(xì)胞往往是具有挑戰(zhàn)性的,困難在于轉(zhuǎn)移性癌細(xì)胞與反應(yīng)性間皮細(xì)胞學(xué)形態(tài)特征有交叉和重疊[2-6]。直接涂片存在大量蛋白液、血液和細(xì)胞碎片,常會(huì)出現(xiàn)高背景著色,蛋白質(zhì)聚集在細(xì)胞周圍阻止免疫試劑進(jìn)入細(xì)胞[4-6];加之產(chǎn)生的三維結(jié)構(gòu)細(xì)胞團(tuán)免疫試劑被包裹其中,導(dǎo)致假陽(yáng)性反應(yīng)[6-7]。液基涂片制作中樣本保存液可以溶解血和黏液,減少背景著色[8],較原來(lái)直接離心涂片具有細(xì)胞豐富、分布均勻、薄而不互相折疊、一個(gè)樣本或同時(shí)制得多張涂片進(jìn)行多種免疫組化染色檢測(cè)細(xì)胞的優(yōu)點(diǎn),亞細(xì)胞水平抗原分子是其他生物技術(shù)難以達(dá)到和替代的。查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)分析后,免疫組化染色我們選擇敏感性和特異性不同的抗體是因?yàn)椋孩貱R主要用于間皮源性腫瘤的診斷與鑒別診斷,在腺癌細(xì)胞不表達(dá)或極少數(shù)腺癌病例顯示灶性胞質(zhì)弱陽(yáng)性表達(dá)[9-10],主要是低分化結(jié)腸癌有表達(dá)[9-11],對(duì)惡性間皮瘤和間皮細(xì)胞增生的敏感性分別是88%~100%和92%~100%[11-14]。本組CR對(duì)間皮瘤和間皮細(xì)胞增生的敏感性是80%和97%,特異性均是96.6%。②Glut-1用于良惡性腫瘤的鑒別研究很多。如Kato等[15]研究40例反應(yīng)性間皮細(xì)胞增生與48例惡性間皮瘤,發(fā)現(xiàn)惡性間皮瘤100%表達(dá)Glut-1,而反應(yīng)性間皮細(xì)胞增生均不表達(dá)Glut-1。本文病例較少但對(duì)惡性間皮瘤的敏感性和特異性均是100%,與報(bào)道相似。我們通過(guò)CR與Glut-1抗體的聯(lián)合運(yùn)用,不僅鑒別了間皮源細(xì)胞的良、惡性質(zhì),并且選擇性地降低了惡性腫瘤(特別是腺癌)細(xì)胞的假陽(yáng)性,提高了惡性腫瘤的診斷準(zhǔn)確率。③MOC31主用于腺上皮性腫瘤的診斷及與惡性間皮瘤的鑒別診斷,漿膜腔積液研究報(bào)道對(duì)腺癌的敏感性76%~100%、特異性92%~100%[16-17],在間皮源性細(xì)胞很少有反應(yīng)[18-19],對(duì)乳腺癌的敏感性差異較大為47%~100%[16]。本組MOC31對(duì)腺癌細(xì)胞的敏感性和特異性分別是94.8%和97.8%,與文獻(xiàn)近似,不表達(dá)或很少表達(dá)間皮源性細(xì)胞。④EA是上皮細(xì)胞的特異性抗體。Queiroz等[19-20]研究EA在腺癌細(xì)胞的表達(dá)分別為66.6%和100%,是腺癌細(xì)胞的特異性抗體。本組EA對(duì)腺癌細(xì)胞的敏感性和特異性都在93%以上,但在惡性間皮瘤或反應(yīng)性間皮細(xì)胞增生中有很少量表達(dá)。因此,選擇EA作為MOC31的補(bǔ)充,雙重互補(bǔ)以達(dá)到診斷更加準(zhǔn)確。通過(guò)本組疑癌或有癌胸腹腔積液液基細(xì)胞學(xué)沉降式制片免疫組化染色,CR、Glut-1、MOC31、EA抗體組合應(yīng)用[21],雙重互補(bǔ),正反兩面證實(shí),能彌補(bǔ)光學(xué)顯微鏡下診斷的局限性;對(duì)性質(zhì)不明的胸腹腔積液免疫組化染色可起到鑒別診斷的作用,具有很大的臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
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Application of liquid based cell production of immunohistochem ical staining in the diagnosis of pleural effusion and ascites
TAN Yongxing,JIANGWeimin,LIYanmei,TU Yunjiao
(Department of Pathology,The First People′s Hospital of Honghe Prefecture,Mengzi Yunnan 661199,China)
ObjectiveTo study the liquid based cytology production technology application of immunohistochemical staining.MethodsHematoxylin and eosin staining smear samples of suspiciousmalignant tumor cells remaining preservation solution made more than LBP system and then smear for immunohistochemical stain glucose transporter-1(Glut-1),calretinin(CR),cell surface glycoprotein MOC31,epithelial antigen(EA).ResultsOne hundred and four cases of suspicious tumor after chest water by immune markers clearly distinguished as carcinoma or mesothelioma or reactive mesothelium cell hyperplasia.ConclusionThe immunohistochemical antigen-antibody reaction is high specificity and sensitivity of biochemical reactionswith specific antigen recognition. Antigen molecules in the cellular and subcellular level testing is difficult to achieve and replace,which has a broad application in cytology.Unidentified pleural effusion by cell immunohistochemical staining,combined application of CR,Glut-1,MOC31,and EA properties can clearly distinguish effusion.
Pleural effussion;Seroperitoneum;Cytology;Thinlayerliquidbasedsmears;Staining
R392.31;R442.5
B
2095-3097(2014)03-0147-03
10.3969/j.issn.2095-3097.2014.03.006
2014-03-27 本文編輯:馮 博)
661199云南蒙自,紅河州第一人民醫(yī)院病理科(譚永興,江衛(wèi)民,李艷梅,屠云嬌)