景觀設(shè)計：北京林業(yè)大學園林學院/北京多義景觀規(guī)劃設(shè)計事務所

Landscape Design: School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University/Atelier DYJG

江洋畈生態(tài)公園，杭州，浙江，中國

Jiang Yang Fan Eco-park, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 2010

景觀設(shè)計：北京林業(yè)大學園林學院/北京多義景觀規(guī)劃設(shè)計事務所

Landscape Design: School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University/Atelier DYJG

1 棧橋和生境島圍欄的水平線條與柳樹的垂直線條形成對比/The boardwalk and low fences of Habitat Island highlight the horizontal elements, creating an exquisite contrast with the vertical lines sketched by the woods.

與自然的對話

項目位于杭州西湖南面一處名為“江洋畈”的山谷中。10年前，西湖疏浚的約100萬m3淤泥被輸送到山谷建立的淤泥庫中。多年以后，這個被人遺忘的地方發(fā)生了巨大的變化：淤泥中帶來的植物種子逐漸萌發(fā)生長，這里變成了一片茂盛的沼澤林地。這一變化引起了人們的關(guān)注，于是政府希望在這里建造一座生態(tài)公園和一座博物館。

江洋畈過去10年的歷史非常生動地展現(xiàn)了自然如何在人類干涉后自我修復的過程,它體現(xiàn)了自然演替的力量。生態(tài)公園應當延續(xù)這一自然過程并以恰當?shù)姆绞阶屓藗兞私狻?/p>

公園設(shè)計的思路是首先清理死亡的植株和四處蔓延的有害藤本。然后，劃出一些植被生長較好的區(qū)域作為這個地方自然演替的樣本，不加干涉和改造，稱為生境島。其余的地方通過適當?shù)厥璺棠荆箯妷训闹仓昴軌蚋】档厣L，同時，林地能夠透入更多光線，為林下植物生長創(chuàng)造條件。通過微地形的調(diào)整使雨水匯集到低洼處，在此基礎(chǔ)上再引入一些下層植物，為小型哺乳動物和昆蟲提供良好的棲息場所。

為了豐富游人的游覽體驗，項目中還設(shè)計了一條1km多長的棧道，結(jié)合了綠色廊架、長座凳和圍欄，不僅帶來豐富的視覺體驗，也為參觀者提供了一系列觀察平臺和休息場所。設(shè)計師還為公園設(shè)計了整套指示系統(tǒng)和科普教育內(nèi)容，使公園成為一座露天的自然博物館。

設(shè)計師通過對一個獨特的自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的更新設(shè)計，激發(fā)它自身的創(chuàng)造力，并通過適當?shù)娜斯じ蓴_，使之成為一個既保留了原有自然特征、又具有生態(tài)多樣性的低養(yǎng)護的生態(tài)公園，同時提供科學、完善的生態(tài)教育機會，帶來獨特的美學體驗。

項目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client：杭州市園林文物局錢江管理處

項目主持/Principal in Charge：王向榮，林箐

設(shè)計團隊/Design Team：王向榮，林箐，陽春白雪，李洋，張銘然，肖起發(fā)，季義力，鐘春瑋，華銳，郭巍，李倞

項目規(guī)模/Area：19.8 hm2

設(shè)計時間/Design Period：2007-2009

建設(shè)時間/Construction Period：2009-2010

攝影/Photos: 明和攝影，王向榮，孫國棟，任鯨

2廊架不僅提供了休息區(qū)域，也為人們帶來豐富的視覺體驗/The pergola not only offers a rest area, but also brings visitors a rich visual experience.

Design In dialogue with nature

The project is located in a valley named Jiang Yang Fan south of Hangzhou’s West Lake. A decade ago, about 1000000 m3of silt dredged from West Lake were pumped into the reservoir in the valley. Ten years passed and this abandoned place changed dramatically-seeds deposited in the silt were gradually germinating and growing, turning the site into a lush woodlands swamp. The miraculous changes captured people's attention and a proposal from the local government to create an ecological park and a museum was accepted.

Over the past ten years, the site has vividly demonstrated how natural regenerative processes take place after human intervention, and revealed the force of the natural succession process. The park should communicate the story of Jiang Yang Fan and present these magical aspects of nature in a proper way.

Starting with clearing the site of dead wood and some detrimental sprawling vines. After that, areas of well-growing plant communities were preserved and kept as living samples of the site's natural succession. Then, for the rest of the site, a moderate thinning of weak plants followed to promote the healthy growth of the woodland and provide sunlight for understory plants. Subtle landform adjustment was applied next in order to direct, collect and discharge it into the shallow swamp zones. Finally, understory plants were introduced at appropriate locations. These regenerated plant communities make the landscape more attractive, and provide a favorable habitat for small mammals, insects and birds.

A floating boardwalk system guides visitors to explore the wonderful environment. The 1-km-long boardwalk punctuated with polymorphous green pergolas, long benches and punched guardrails, brought visitors a rich visual experience and offered a series of observation desks and rest areas. The guild system and the story of the site's creation was well designed by landscape architects who made the park an outdoor museum of natural history .

By adopting regenerative design strategies, the landscape architects stimulated the creativity of a unique natural ecosystem and created a distinctive, low maintenance ecological park. Jiang Yang Fan Ecopark not only represents the original characteristics and successional processes of the site and enhances its biodiversity, it also provides ecological education opportunities and a unique aesthetic experience.

3 總平面/Master plan

4 場地現(xiàn)狀/The existing site

5 設(shè)計結(jié)構(gòu)/Design structure

6 蜿蜒的棧道吸引人們?nèi)ヌ剿髯匀?A floating boardwalk system guides visitors to explore the wonderful environment.

7 人工引入的植物與場地原有植物很好地融合，形成自然樸野的氣氛/The introduced species are well blended with the existing plants and create a wild atmosphere.

評論

丁力揚：大自然既有的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)性使得植物群落的緩慢演替顯得不易查覺。而江洋畈公園基址卻是經(jīng)過人為干擾后重新開始演替的初生系統(tǒng)，其變化是快速且顯見的。設(shè)計師敏銳地抓住了這一特質(zhì)，巧妙處理基址中的水、土壤和植物系統(tǒng)，以最小的生態(tài)干預引導自然群落向生態(tài)宜居發(fā)展，引游人就近觀察，感受其天然樸實和新奇親切。

闕鎮(zhèn)清：百萬方淤泥，10年沉淀，孕育了谷中林澤。原始質(zhì)樸而生機盎然，神秘莫測而啟人深思，江洋畈令人想起亨利·大衛(wèi)·梭羅筆下深深的新罕布什爾荒野。設(shè)計師對場地巧施生境整理，強化生機態(tài)勢，使其成為包含大自然千萬種可能性的生命母體。精心選線的素樸棧道引導游人體驗自然的力量，生命的故事在時空中生長展開。理解、欣賞并尊重荒野，設(shè)計師以敏感的心靈與自然交流，江洋畈生態(tài)公園展示了“設(shè)計結(jié)合自然”最輕盈的一種可能性。

Comments

DING Liyang： In a stable ecological system the process of natural succession is slow and relatively imperceptible. Interestingly, this park's site is a new generic system. It has been recently created by human intervention, an act that, in turn, enormously accelerates the pace of the succession process. By handling water, soil and planting systems, the designer is trying to achieve a state of ecological balance-to create near autonomy for the natural systems, requiring only the minimum intervention of man. As a result, the park provides opportunities for close observation both of its method and the interactions of these simply "natural" systems. It is also strangely intimate.

QUE Zhenqing： Ten years ago, a million square meters of silt (dredged out of Xihu) gave birth to the valley swamps. Pristine and full of vitality, mysterious and enlightening, Jiang Yang Fan is reminiscent of the deep New Hampshire wilderness described by Henry David Thoreau. Designers of the eco-park skillfully re-organized the habitats, strengthened the vitality of the situation and made Jiang Yang Fan a fertile example of the infinite possibilities of nature. In the park, boardwalks run along carefully selected routes and putting tourists in touch with the forces of nature. The story of life unfolds over space and time. The designers understand, appreciate and respect the wilderness and they communicate this fact with sensitivity. The Jiang Yang Fan Ecological Park demonstrates that it's possible to "design with nature" in the lightest way.

9 穿越生境島的棧道/The boardwalk winds through native plant communities

10 棧道穿越花海，隱于樹林/The boardwalk goes through wild flower meadow and woods.