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白英中的倍半萜類化合物

2014-02-26 11:38:33岳喜典姚芳張雷李桂生戴勝軍
中國中藥雜志 2014年3期
關鍵詞:白英茄科倍半萜

岳喜典+姚芳+張雷+李桂生+戴勝軍

摘要: 采用硅膠柱色譜、Sephadex LH-20柱色譜及制備薄層等方法對白英中的倍半萜進行分離純化,根據(jù)理化性質和波譜數(shù)據(jù)鑒定其化學結構,發(fā)現(xiàn)并鑒定了10個倍半萜,分別為1β-羥基-1,2-二氫-α-山道年(1),boscialin(2),布盧門醇C(3),3β-hydroxy-5α,6α-epoxy-7-megastigmen-9-one(4),去氫催吐蘿芙木醇(5),布盧門醇 A(6),(1′S,2R,5S,10R)-2-(1′,2′-dihydroxy-1′-methylethyl)-6,10-dimethylspiro[4,5]dec-6-en-8-one(7),(1′R,2R,5S,10R)-2-(1′,2′-dihydroxy-1′-methylethyl)-6,10-dimethylspiro[4,5]dec-6-en-8-one(8),2-(1′,2′-dihydroxy-1′-methylethyl)-6,10-dimethyl-9-hydroxyspiro[4,5]dec-6-en-8-one(9),蚱蜢酮(10)。10個倍半萜均為首次從白英中發(fā)現(xiàn)。

關鍵詞: 茄科;茄屬;白英;倍半萜

[收稿日期] 2013-09-23

[基金項目] 山東省自然科學基金項目(ZR2009CZ004)

[通信作者] *戴勝軍, Tel:(0535) 6706025, Fax:(0535) 6706066, E-mail: sjdai8616@sina.com

[作者簡介] 岳喜典,博士研究生,Tel:(0535)3800102,E-mail:yuexidian@163.com

白英,又名白毛藤,為茄科茄屬植物白英Solanum lyratum Thunb.的干燥全草,為多年生草質藤本植物,主產(chǎn)于江蘇、浙江、湖南、江西、安徽等地。《本草綱目》記載有“其味甘、性寒、無毒,主治寒熱黃疸,消渴,補中益氣”?!侗静菥V目拾遺》載有:“采其藤干之浸酒,云可除骨節(jié)風濕痛”。白英以全草及根入藥,具有清熱解毒、祛風化痰、祛風除濕、抗癌等功效,臨床用于治療感冒發(fā)熱、黃疸型肝炎、膽囊炎、風濕性關節(jié)炎、腎炎水腫及多種癌癥,尤其對子宮頸癌、肺癌、聲帶癌等有明顯療效。白英已有2 000多年的臨床應用歷史,而作為常用抗癌中草藥,其抗腫瘤作用已得到充分肯定并廣泛應用于臨床,對消化、呼吸、生殖等系統(tǒng)的惡性腫瘤具有較好的抑制作用[1-3]

前期研究中,課題組應用四甲基偶氮唑鹽(MTT)微量酶反應比色法,對白英95%乙醇提取物進行了抗腫瘤活性篩選。結果顯示,其95%乙醇提取物對淋巴癌P388細胞、人鼻咽癌HONE-1細胞、口腔上皮癌KB細胞及結腸癌HT29細胞表現(xiàn)出明顯的生長抑制活性。為此,通過多種色譜分離技術,對白英的95%乙醇提取物進行了系統(tǒng)的化學研究,除先前發(fā)現(xiàn)的黃酮類及酰胺類化合物外[4],又發(fā)現(xiàn)10個倍半萜類化合物。根據(jù)理化性質及波譜數(shù)據(jù),對所有倍半萜類化合物的結構進行了確定,包括1個桉烷型倍半萜(化合物1),6個降倍半萜(化合物2~6,10),3個Vetisperane型倍半萜(化合物7~9),10個倍半萜均為首次從白英中發(fā)現(xiàn),同時也是國內(nèi)學者首次對白英中的倍半萜類化合物進行系統(tǒng)研究。

1 材料

XT-4微型熔點測定儀(溫度未校正),Autospec-Ultima ETOF 型質譜儀,Perkin-Elmer 683型紅外光譜儀,Varian Unity BRUKER 400型核磁共振儀(TMS內(nèi)標),薄層色譜硅膠(GF254) 和柱色譜硅膠(200~300目) 均為青島海洋化工廠產(chǎn)品,Sephadex LH-20為北京金歐亞進口分裝產(chǎn)品。白英全草采自江西樟樹,由煙臺大學藥學院生藥室李桂生教授鑒定,標本(YP10082)保存于煙臺大學藥學院標本室。

2 提取和分離

取干燥的白英全草50.0 kg,粉碎后用95%乙醇回流提取3次,每次1 h。提取液合并、減壓濃縮,得總浸膏2.3 kg。將浸膏懸浮于水中,依次用石油醚、三氯甲烷、醋酸乙酯、正丁醇反復萃取,萃取液分別合并、減壓濃縮,得三氯甲烷部位191.7 g。三氯甲烷部位通過硅膠柱色譜,采用環(huán)己烷-丙酮(5∶1~3∶1)梯度洗脫,分為8個組分。組分3(18.5 g)通過Sephadex LH-20柱色譜,氯仿-甲醇(1∶1)洗脫,分為4個部位,分別經(jīng)過制備薄層色譜,得化合物1(103 mg),4(49 mg),5(117 mg),6(72 mg);組分4(19.3 g)通過Sephadex LH-20柱色譜,氯仿-甲醇(1∶1)洗脫,分為4個部位,每個部位經(jīng)過制備薄層色譜,得化合物2(58 mg),3(134 mg),7(83 mg),10(28 mg);組分5(10.4 g)通過Sephadex LH-20柱色譜,氯仿-甲醇(1∶1)洗脫,分為3個部位,部位2經(jīng)過制備薄層色譜,得化合物8(58 mg),9(44 mg)。

3 結構鑒定

化合物1 淡黃色油狀物(氯仿);ESI-MS m/z 265.3[M+H]+;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ: 3.87(1H,dd,J=5.6,12.5 Hz,H-1),2.67(1H,dd,J=12.6,17.3 Hz,H-2a),2.79(1H,dd,J=5.6,17.3 Hz,H-2b),5.47(1H,d,J=5.4 Hz,H-6),2.23(1H,m,H-7),1.78(1H,m,H-8a),1.57(1H,m,H-8b),1.98(1H,m,H-9a),1.40(1H,m,H-9b),2.55(1H,m,H-11),1.40(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-13),1.26(3H,s,H-14),1.93(3H,s,H-15);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ: 73.0(C-1),42.5(C-2),197.1(C-3),137.5(C-4),150.6(C-5),75.4(C-6),42.9(C-7),22.7(C-8),32.6(C-9),40.0(C-10),43.6(C-11),179.5(C-12),15.2(C-13),17.8(C-14),10.9(C-15)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[5]報道的1β-hydroxy-1,2-dihydro-α-santonin的數(shù)據(jù)一致,故鑒定化合物1為1β-hydroxy-1,2-dihydro-α-santonin。endprint

化合物2 淡黃色油狀物(氯仿);ESI-MS m/z 227.3[M+H]+;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ: 1.61(1H,m,H-2a),1.53(1H,m,H-2b),3.90(1H,m,H-3),1.84(1H,m,H-4a),1.37(1H,m,H-4b),2.05(1H,m,H-5),6.70(1H,d,J=15.9 Hz,H-7),6.35(1H,d,J=15.9 Hz,H-8),2.30(3H,s,H-10),1.03(3H,s,H-11),0.88(3H,s,H-12),0.81(3H,s,H-13);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ: 39.9(C-1),45.0(C-2),66.4(C-3),38.7(C-4),34.0(C-5),77.8(C-6),150.7(C-7),130.3(C-8),197.8(C-9),28.0(C-10),24.5(C-11),25.1(C-12),15.9(C-13)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[6]報道的boscialin的數(shù)據(jù)一致,故鑒定化合物2為boscialin。

化合物3 淡黃色油狀物(氯仿);ESI-MS m/z 211.2[M+H]+;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ: 2.37(1H,d,J=17.5 Hz,H-2a),2.01(1H,d,J=17.5 Hz,H-2b),5.81(1H,s,H-4),3.76(1H,m,H-9),1.21(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-10),1.07(3H,s,H-11),1.02(3H,s,H-12),1.99(3H,s,H-13);13C-NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3)δ: 36.3(C-1),47.1(C-2),199.0(C-3),125.2(C-4),165.4(C-5),51.1(C-6),26.2(C-7),38.7(C-8),68.1(C-9),23.8(C-10),27.2(C-11),28.9(C-12),24.7(C-13)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[7]報道的blumenol C的數(shù)據(jù)一致,由此鑒定化合物3為blumenol C。

化合物4 淡黃色油狀物(氯仿);ESI-MS m/z 225.4[M+H]+;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ: 1.25(1H,m,H-2a),1.62(1H,m,H-2b),3.90(1H,m,H-3),1.66(1H,m,H-4b),2.39(1H,m,H-4a),7.02(1H,d,J=15.6 Hz,H-7),6.30(1H,d,J=15.6 Hz,H-8),2.28(3H,s,H-10),0.98(3H,s,H-11),1.19(6H,s,H-12,13);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ: 35.1(C-1),46.7(C-2),64.0(C-3),40.5(C-4),67.2(C-5),69.5(C-6),142.3(C-7),132.5(C-8),197.4(C-9),28.3(C-10),25.0(C-11),29.2(C-12),19.9(C-13)。上述化合物4的理化現(xiàn)象及波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[8]報道的3β-hydroxy-5α,6α-epoxy-7-megastigmen-9-one的數(shù)據(jù)完全一致。

化合物5 淡黃色油狀物(氯仿)。ESI-MS m/z 223.2[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ: 2.34(1H,d,J=17.3 Hz,H-2a),2.50(1H,d,J=17.3 Hz,H-2b),5.96(1H,s,H-4),6.84(1H,d,J=15.6 Hz,H-7),6.46(1H,d,J=15.6 Hz,H-8),2.31(3H,s,H-10),1.89(3H,s,H-11),1.10(3H,s,H-12),1.03(3H,s,H-13);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ: 41.4(C-1),49.6(C-2),197.2(C-3),127.8(C-4),160.1(C-5),79.3(C-6),144.9(C-7),130.4(C-8),196.9(C-9),28.4(C-10),18.6(C-11),24.3(C-12),22.9(C-13)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[9]報道的dehydrovomifoliol的數(shù)據(jù)一致,由此鑒定化合物5為dehydrovomifoliol。

化合物6 淡黃色油狀物(氯仿);ESI-MS m/z 225.3[M+H]+;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ: 2.45(1H,d,J=17.0 Hz,H-2b),2.24(1H,d,J=17.0 Hz,H-2a),5.90(1H,s,H-4),5.81(1H,d,J=15.7 Hz,H-7),5.84(1H,dd,J=5.7,15.7 Hz,H-8),4.40(1H,m,H-9),1.31(3H,d,J=6.5 Hz,H-10),1.07(3H,s,H-11),1.03(3H,s,H-12),1.89(3H,s,H-13);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ: 41.1(C-1),49.7(C-2),198.0(C-3),126.8(C-4),162.9(C-5),79.0(C-6),129.0(C-7),135.8(C-8),67.9(C-9),23.7(C-10),22.9(C-11),24.0(C-12),18.9(C-13)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[10]報道的blumenol A的數(shù)據(jù)一致,故鑒定化合物6為blumenol A。

化合物7 淡黃色油狀物(氯仿);ESI-MS m/z 253.2[M+H]+;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ: 1.96(1H,dd,J=7.6,13.3 Hz,H-1a),1.61(1H,dd,J=11.5,13.3 Hz,H-1b),2.13(1H,m,H-2),1.82(1H,m,H-3a),1.78(1H,m,H-3b),1.66(1H,m,Ha-4),1.88(1H,m,H-4b),5.76(1H,s,H-7),2.65(1H,dd,J=4.6,16.8 Hz,H-9a),2.20(1H,dd,J=4.3,16.8 Hz,H-9b),2.11(1H,m,H-10),3.54(1H,d,J=10.8 Hz,H-12a),3.42(1H,d,J=10.8 Hz,H-12b),1.18(3H,s,H-13),1.95(3H,s,H-14),0.97(3H,d,J=7.0 Hz,H-15);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ: 36.9(C-1),46.0(C-2),27.3(C-3),34.0(C-4),49.8(C-5),167.1(C-6),125.5(C-7),199.4(C-8),42.8(C-9),38.5(C-10),73.5(C-11),69.4(C-12),21.7(C-13),21.0(C-14),15.8(C-15)。以上化合物7的理化現(xiàn)象及波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[11]報道的(1′S,2R,5S,10R)-2-(1′,2′-dihydroxy-1′-methylethyl)-6,10-dimethylspiro[4-5]dec-6-en-8-one完全一致。endprint

化合物8 淡黃色油狀物(氯仿);ESI-MS m/z 253.3[M+H]+;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ: 1.96(1H,dd,J=7.6,13.3 Hz,H-1a),1.67(1H,dd,J=11.5,13.3 Hz,H-1b),2.13(1H,m,H-2),1.83(1H,m,H-3a),1.68(1H,m,H-3b),1.67(1H,m,H-4a),1.89(1H,m,H-4b),5.76(1H,s,H-7),2.65(1H,dd,J=4.6,16.8 Hz,H-9a),2.20(1H,dd,J=4.3,16.8 Hz,H-9b),2.11(1H,m,H-10),3.53(1H,d,J=10.8 Hz,H-12a),3.43(1H,d,J=10.8 Hz,H-12b),1.21(3H,s,H-13),1.95(3H,s,H-14),0.97(3H,d,J=7.0 Hz,H-15);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ: 36.2(C-1),46.0(C-2),28.2(C-3),33.8(C-4),49.8(C-5),167.1(C-6),125.4(C-7),199.4(C-8),42.8(C-9),38.6(C-10),73.6(C-11),69.4(C-12),21.9(C-13),21.0(C-14),15.8(C-15)。以上化合物8的理化現(xiàn)象及波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[11]報道的(1′R,2R,5S,10R)-2-(1′,2′-dihydroxy-1′-methylethyl)-6,10-dimethylspiro[4-5]dec-6-en-8-one完全一致。

化合物9 淡黃色油狀物(氯仿);ESI-MS m/z 269.4[M+H]+;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ: 2.18(1H,m,H-1a),1.59(1H,m,H-1b),2.17(1H,m,H-2),1.90(1H,m,H-3a),1.75(1H,m,H-3b),1.57(1H,m,H-4a),2.27(1H,m,H-4b),5.85(1H,s,H-7),3.84(1H,d,J =12.7 Hz,H-9),2.11(1H,m,H-10),3.56(1H,d,J=11.1 Hz,H-12a),3.44(1H,d,J=11.1 Hz,H-12b),1.28(3H,s,H-13),2.07(3H,s,H-14),1.21(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-15);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ: 36.8(C-1),48.1(C-2),28.1(C-3),31.3(C-4),51.1(C-5),172.7(C-6),121.9(C-7),199.3(C-8),74.0(C-9),47.3(C-10),73.3(C-11),69.7(C-12),22.4(C-13),22.3(C-14),12.2(C-15)。以上化合物9的理化現(xiàn)象及波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[12]報道的2-(1′,2′-dihydroxy-1′-methylethyl)-6,10-dimethyl-9-hydroxyspiro[4-5]dec-6-en-8-one完全一致。

化合物10 無色晶體(氯仿);mp 125~126 ℃;FAB-MS m/z 225.2[M+H]+;IR(KBr) νmax: 3 307,1 940,1 661,1 450,1 238,1 179,1 154 cm-1;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ: 1.39(1H,t,J=12.3 Hz,H-2a),2.05(1H,dd,J=12.3,4.0 Hz,H-2b),4.34(1H,m,H-3),1.40(1H,t,J=12.0 Hz,H-4a),2.20(1H,dd,J=12.0,4.5 Hz,H-4b),5.82(1H,br s,H-8),2.17(3H,s,H-10),1.16(3H,s,H-11),1.35(3H,s,H-12),1.43(3H,s,H-13);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ: 36.0(C-1),48.7(C-2),63.9(C-3),48.7(C-4),72.3(C-5),119.0(C-6),198.4(C-7),101.0(C-8),209.8(C-9),31.7(C-10),26.5(C-11),30.1(C-12),30.9(C-13)。以上理化特征及波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[13]報道的grasshopper ketone的數(shù)據(jù)一致,故鑒定化合物10為grasshopper ketone。

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[13] Shiraga Y, Okano K, Akira T, et al. Structures of potent antiulcerogenic compounds from Cinnamomum cassia [J]. Tetrahedron, 1988, 44(15): 4703.

Sesquiterpenoids from Solanum lyratum

YUE Xi-dian1,2, YAO Fang2, ZHANG Lei2, LI Gui-sheng2, DAI Sheng-jun2*

(1. College of Food Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;

2. School of Pharmaceutical Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China)

[Abstract] Ten compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography over silica gel, preparative TLC, and Sephadex LH-20 from the whole plant of Solanum lyratum. The structures were elucidated on the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectral data as 1β-hydroxy-1,2-dihydro-α-santonin(1),boscialin(2), blumenol C(3), 3β-hydroxy-5α,6α-epoxy-7-megastigmen-9-one(4), dehydrovomifoliol(5), blumenol A(6),(1′S,2R,5S,10R)-2-(1′,2′-dihydroxy-1′-methylethyl)-6,10-dimethylspiro[4,5]dec-6-en-8-one(7),(1′R,2R,5S,10R)-2-(1′,2′-dihydroxy-1′-methylethyl)-6,10-dimethylspiro[4,5]dec-6-en-8-one(8), 2-(1′,2′-dihydroxy-1′-methylethyl)-6,10-dimethyl-9-hydroxyspiro[4,5]dec-6-en-8-one(9), and grasshopper ketone(10).Compounds 1-10 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

[Key words] Solanaceae; Solanum; Solanum lyratum; sesquiterpenoid

doi:10.4268/cjcmm20140318

[責任編輯 孔晶晶]endprint

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