于金林 孟衛(wèi)東 初瑞雪
[摘要] 目的 探討幽門螺桿菌(Hp)感染、p53表達(dá)與胃癌及胃癌前病變的關(guān)系。 方法 收集聊城市人民醫(yī)院疑似胃癌患者手術(shù)切除的胃黏膜標(biāo)本及胃鏡活檢采取的胃黏膜標(biāo)本140例,分為胃良性病變(BGL)組29例、胃癌前病變(GPL)組47例和胃癌(GC)組64例,采用Warthin-Starry染色法和快速尿素酶試驗(yàn)觀察不同胃黏膜組織中Hp的感染情況,采用免疫組化S-P法檢測(cè)p53。 結(jié)果 GC組和GPL組Hp感染率、p53陽(yáng)性表達(dá)率高于BGL組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。3組Hp陽(yáng)性患者p53陽(yáng)性表達(dá)率均高于Hp陰性患者,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 Hp感染與胃癌的發(fā)生密切相關(guān),與細(xì)胞凋亡調(diào)控蛋白p53可能存在相互協(xié)同的關(guān)系。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 胃癌;幽門螺桿菌;p53
[中圖分類號(hào)] R735.2 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1674-4721(2014)01(b)-0038-03
胃癌(gastric cancer,GC)是高發(fā)惡性腫瘤,死因位居癌癥第二位。細(xì)胞的過(guò)度增殖、異常凋亡是引起GC發(fā)生的主要原因,GC的發(fā)生是一個(gè)由多種因素引起、多個(gè)階段組成的復(fù)雜發(fā)展過(guò)程[1]。文獻(xiàn)證實(shí),GC的發(fā)生、發(fā)展與基因的眾多相關(guān)分子密切相關(guān),p53基因是一種重要的抑癌基因,但野生型p53仍存在發(fā)生腫瘤的可能[2-4]。幽門螺桿菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)已被世界衛(wèi)生組織列為Ⅰ類致癌物,其是慢性胃炎和胃潰瘍發(fā)生、發(fā)展的主要致病因子,且Hp感染與GC的發(fā)生密切相關(guān)。本文探討Hp感染和p53表達(dá)與GC發(fā)生、發(fā)展的關(guān)系,為研究GC的發(fā)生、發(fā)展提供依據(jù),現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 材料與方法
1.1 一般材料
收集聊城市人民醫(yī)院GC患者手術(shù)切除的胃黏膜標(biāo)本及胃鏡活檢采取的胃黏膜標(biāo)本140例,其中男83例,女57例;年齡38~69歲,平均52.5歲;經(jīng)病理檢查證實(shí),胃良性病變(benign gastric lesion,BGL)組29例(慢性淺表性胃炎18例,胃息肉11例);胃癌前病變(gastric precancerous lesion,GPL)組47例(慢性萎縮性胃炎12例,腸上皮化生14例,不典型增生21例);GC組64例。所有患者均未進(jìn)行放、化療及生物治療。3組患者的年齡、性別等一般資料比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 研究方法
1.2.1 Hp檢測(cè) 采用快速尿素酶試驗(yàn)和Warthin-Starry染色法聯(lián)合檢測(cè)Hp,兩者檢測(cè)結(jié)果均陽(yáng)性者為陽(yáng)性,均陰性者為陰性,兩種方法檢測(cè)結(jié)果中有一項(xiàng)陽(yáng)性者退出試驗(yàn)。Warthin-Starry染色法結(jié)果顯示,Hp呈棕褐色彎曲狀,常位于胃黏膜表面或(和)胃小凹及腫瘤性腺腔內(nèi)呈散在、密集或成堆分布。
1.2.2 p53檢測(cè) 試劑由Dako公司提供,采用免疫組織化學(xué)(S-P)法,嚴(yán)格按照操作說(shuō)明進(jìn)行操作。S-P染色結(jié)果顯示,p53陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞為細(xì)胞核內(nèi)出現(xiàn)棕褐色顯色。每例隨機(jī)觀察10個(gè)高倍(×400)視野,計(jì)算陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞率。陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞數(shù)>10%者定為陽(yáng)性,≤10%或缺乏者為陰性。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 16.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析和處理,計(jì)數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 3組患者Hp感染率和p53陽(yáng)性表達(dá)率的比較
GC組和GPL組Hp感染率、p53陽(yáng)性表達(dá)率高于BGL組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)(表1)。
表1 3組患者Hp感染率和p53陽(yáng)性表達(dá)率的比較[n(%)]
與BGL組比較,*P<0.05
2.2 3組Hp陽(yáng)性患者p53陽(yáng)性表達(dá)率的比較
3組Hp陽(yáng)性患者p53陽(yáng)性表達(dá)率均高于Hp陰性患者,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)(表2)。
表2 3組Hp陽(yáng)性患者p53陽(yáng)性表達(dá)率的比較[n(%)]
與同組Hp(-)比較,*P<0.05
3 討論
GC最早生物學(xué)改變是胃黏膜細(xì)胞過(guò)度增殖和異常凋亡間的平衡失調(diào)。GC發(fā)生、發(fā)展的一般規(guī)律為正常胃黏膜因某些因素刺激引起淺表性胃炎,隨著刺激加深逐漸發(fā)展為慢性萎縮性胃炎,然后慢性萎縮性胃炎的不斷發(fā)展引起腸上皮化生,進(jìn)而發(fā)展為不典型增生,最后導(dǎo)致GC發(fā)生。自1983年Hp從胃黏膜上培養(yǎng)、分離出來(lái),Hp感染與胃黏膜上皮細(xì)胞凋亡、GC發(fā)生、發(fā)展的關(guān)系引起有關(guān)學(xué)者的關(guān)注[5-6]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,GC和GPL的發(fā)生與Hp感染有密切關(guān)系。GC和GPL發(fā)生的原因可能是Hp感染后直接侵襲胃黏膜,局部組織出現(xiàn)損傷,誘發(fā)組織發(fā)生免疫應(yīng)答反應(yīng),促使組織細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生各種毒素及多種酶,引起胃黏膜出現(xiàn)萎縮、胃黏膜上皮細(xì)胞出現(xiàn)化生、不典型增生等改變,胃黏膜上皮細(xì)胞的不穩(wěn)定性增加,黏膜上皮細(xì)胞的凋亡和增殖調(diào)節(jié)功能發(fā)生紊亂,胃黏膜上皮細(xì)胞發(fā)生癌變,最終發(fā)展成GC。
腫瘤發(fā)生、發(fā)展的主要原因是上皮細(xì)胞凋亡功能出現(xiàn)異常,進(jìn)而引起細(xì)胞過(guò)度增殖。p53是人體內(nèi)重要的腫瘤抑制因子,調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞凋亡的關(guān)鍵因子,對(duì)機(jī)體組織上皮細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)及分化具有重要作用[2]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,p53基因參與GC的發(fā)生,p53基因突變與Hp感染密切相關(guān)。胃黏膜上皮細(xì)胞感染Hp后,Hp誘導(dǎo)胃黏膜上皮細(xì)胞野生型p53基因發(fā)生突變、失活,抑制上皮細(xì)胞的凋亡功能,細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化增強(qiáng),引起上皮細(xì)胞過(guò)度增殖,導(dǎo)致GC的發(fā)生。在p53基因突變的GC中,腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展與p53基因突變導(dǎo)致胃黏膜上皮細(xì)胞喪失凋亡功能密切相關(guān)。
黏膜上皮細(xì)胞凋亡及增殖功能的紊亂是引發(fā)GC的重要原因。細(xì)胞凋亡是一種受基因調(diào)控的生理性死亡,當(dāng)促凋亡基因受到抑制,導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞不能凋亡;抗凋亡基因被激活后,引起細(xì)胞長(zhǎng)期存活,同時(shí)因?yàn)榘┗虻母弋惓1磉_(dá)及抑癌基因受到抑制,細(xì)胞癌變,形成腫瘤[7-8]。Hp持續(xù)感染導(dǎo)致胃黏膜上皮細(xì)胞發(fā)生慢性炎性反應(yīng),引起胃黏膜上皮細(xì)胞損傷,促進(jìn)p53基因突變,黏膜上皮細(xì)胞凋亡功能下調(diào),上皮細(xì)胞增殖與凋亡功能紊亂,促使細(xì)胞堆積,形成腫瘤[9-10]。
綜上所述,Hp感染與GC的發(fā)生、發(fā)展密切相關(guān),與細(xì)胞凋亡調(diào)控蛋白p53可能存在相互協(xié)同關(guān)系。Hp和p53檢測(cè)對(duì)GC早期診斷和治療具有重要價(jià)值。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
[1] Guo M,Bruce AH.Cell proliferation and apoptosis[J].Curr Opin Cell Biol,1999,11(6):745-752.
[2] Zilfou JT,Lowe SW.Tumor suppressive functions of p53[J].Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol,2009,1(5):a001883.
[3] Breen L,Heenan M,Amberger-Murphy V,et al.Investigation of the role of p53 in chemotherapy resistance of lung cancer cell lines[J].Anticancer Res,2007,27(3A):1361-1364.
[4] Yu J,BaronV,Mercola D,et al.A network of p73,p53 and Egr1 is required for efficient apoptosis in tumor cells[J].Cell Death Differ,2007,14(3):436-446.
[5] Xia HH,Talley NJ.Apoptosis in gastric epithelium induced by Helicobacter pylori infection:implications in gastric carcinogenesis[J].Am J Gastroenterol,2001,96(1):16-26.
[6] Saxena A,Shukla SK,Prasad KN,et al.Analysis of p53,K-ras gene mutation & Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with gastric cancer & peptic ulcer disease at a tertiary care hospital in north India[J].Indian J Med Res,2012,136(4):664-670.
[7] Shiao YH,Rugge M,Correa P,et al.p53 alteration in gastric precancerous lesions[J].Am J Pathol,1994,144(3):511-517.
[8] Shun CT,Wu MS,Lin JT,et al.Relationship of p53 and c-erbB-2 expression to histopathological features,Helicobacter pylori infection and prognosis in gastric cancer[J].Hepatogastroenterology,1997,44(14):604-609.
[9] Xu AG,Li SG,Liu JH,et al.Function of apoptosis and expression of the proteins Bcl-2,p53 and C-myc in the development of gastric cancer[J].World J Gastroenterol,2001, 7(3):403-406.
[10] Wei JX,Noto JM,Zaika E,et al.Sa1896 the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori alters intracellular signaling by inducing truncated forms of p53 tumor suppressor[J].Gastroenterology,2013,144(5):S-329.
(收稿日期:2013-10-10 本文編輯:李亞聰)
綜上所述,Hp感染與GC的發(fā)生、發(fā)展密切相關(guān),與細(xì)胞凋亡調(diào)控蛋白p53可能存在相互協(xié)同關(guān)系。Hp和p53檢測(cè)對(duì)GC早期診斷和治療具有重要價(jià)值。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
[1] Guo M,Bruce AH.Cell proliferation and apoptosis[J].Curr Opin Cell Biol,1999,11(6):745-752.
[2] Zilfou JT,Lowe SW.Tumor suppressive functions of p53[J].Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol,2009,1(5):a001883.
[3] Breen L,Heenan M,Amberger-Murphy V,et al.Investigation of the role of p53 in chemotherapy resistance of lung cancer cell lines[J].Anticancer Res,2007,27(3A):1361-1364.
[4] Yu J,BaronV,Mercola D,et al.A network of p73,p53 and Egr1 is required for efficient apoptosis in tumor cells[J].Cell Death Differ,2007,14(3):436-446.
[5] Xia HH,Talley NJ.Apoptosis in gastric epithelium induced by Helicobacter pylori infection:implications in gastric carcinogenesis[J].Am J Gastroenterol,2001,96(1):16-26.
[6] Saxena A,Shukla SK,Prasad KN,et al.Analysis of p53,K-ras gene mutation & Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with gastric cancer & peptic ulcer disease at a tertiary care hospital in north India[J].Indian J Med Res,2012,136(4):664-670.
[7] Shiao YH,Rugge M,Correa P,et al.p53 alteration in gastric precancerous lesions[J].Am J Pathol,1994,144(3):511-517.
[8] Shun CT,Wu MS,Lin JT,et al.Relationship of p53 and c-erbB-2 expression to histopathological features,Helicobacter pylori infection and prognosis in gastric cancer[J].Hepatogastroenterology,1997,44(14):604-609.
[9] Xu AG,Li SG,Liu JH,et al.Function of apoptosis and expression of the proteins Bcl-2,p53 and C-myc in the development of gastric cancer[J].World J Gastroenterol,2001, 7(3):403-406.
[10] Wei JX,Noto JM,Zaika E,et al.Sa1896 the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori alters intracellular signaling by inducing truncated forms of p53 tumor suppressor[J].Gastroenterology,2013,144(5):S-329.
(收稿日期:2013-10-10 本文編輯:李亞聰)
綜上所述,Hp感染與GC的發(fā)生、發(fā)展密切相關(guān),與細(xì)胞凋亡調(diào)控蛋白p53可能存在相互協(xié)同關(guān)系。Hp和p53檢測(cè)對(duì)GC早期診斷和治療具有重要價(jià)值。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
[1] Guo M,Bruce AH.Cell proliferation and apoptosis[J].Curr Opin Cell Biol,1999,11(6):745-752.
[2] Zilfou JT,Lowe SW.Tumor suppressive functions of p53[J].Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol,2009,1(5):a001883.
[3] Breen L,Heenan M,Amberger-Murphy V,et al.Investigation of the role of p53 in chemotherapy resistance of lung cancer cell lines[J].Anticancer Res,2007,27(3A):1361-1364.
[4] Yu J,BaronV,Mercola D,et al.A network of p73,p53 and Egr1 is required for efficient apoptosis in tumor cells[J].Cell Death Differ,2007,14(3):436-446.
[5] Xia HH,Talley NJ.Apoptosis in gastric epithelium induced by Helicobacter pylori infection:implications in gastric carcinogenesis[J].Am J Gastroenterol,2001,96(1):16-26.
[6] Saxena A,Shukla SK,Prasad KN,et al.Analysis of p53,K-ras gene mutation & Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with gastric cancer & peptic ulcer disease at a tertiary care hospital in north India[J].Indian J Med Res,2012,136(4):664-670.
[7] Shiao YH,Rugge M,Correa P,et al.p53 alteration in gastric precancerous lesions[J].Am J Pathol,1994,144(3):511-517.
[8] Shun CT,Wu MS,Lin JT,et al.Relationship of p53 and c-erbB-2 expression to histopathological features,Helicobacter pylori infection and prognosis in gastric cancer[J].Hepatogastroenterology,1997,44(14):604-609.
[9] Xu AG,Li SG,Liu JH,et al.Function of apoptosis and expression of the proteins Bcl-2,p53 and C-myc in the development of gastric cancer[J].World J Gastroenterol,2001, 7(3):403-406.
[10] Wei JX,Noto JM,Zaika E,et al.Sa1896 the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori alters intracellular signaling by inducing truncated forms of p53 tumor suppressor[J].Gastroenterology,2013,144(5):S-329.
(收稿日期:2013-10-10 本文編輯:李亞聰)