寧國慧,趙溫濤,唐向陽
(天津大學(xué)理學(xué)院化學(xué)系,天津 300072)
圖1 3-(2,6-二氯苯基)-5-(1-吡咯烷酮基)-2,3-異唑啉的合成路線
所用試劑為分析純或化學(xué)純,必要時(shí)經(jīng)過干燥或蒸餾處理。
X-4型數(shù)字顯微熔點(diǎn)儀(溫度計(jì)未校正),北京泰克儀器有限公司;AVANCE Ⅲ 400MHz型核磁共振波譜儀(TMS為內(nèi)標(biāo),CDCl3為溶劑)、micrOTOF-Q Ⅱ型高分辨質(zhì)譜儀,Bruker;柱層析硅膠(200~300目),青島海洋化工廠。
1.2.12,6-二氯苯甲醛肟的合成[13]
在裝有機(jī)械攪拌、溫度計(jì)的100 mL反應(yīng)瓶中加入20 mL甲醇、7.00 g(40 mmol) 2,6-二氯苯甲醛、2.23 g(21 mmol)碳酸鈉的水溶液,攪拌下分批加入3.06 g(44 mmol)鹽酸羥胺,控制反應(yīng)溫度不超過30 ℃,TLC跟蹤反應(yīng)進(jìn)程;反應(yīng)結(jié)束后,旋蒸除甲醇,用乙醚萃取,有機(jī)相用飽和食鹽水洗滌,再用無水MgSO4干燥,除去溶劑,得化合物2,6-二氯苯甲醛肟,收率90.2%,熔點(diǎn)146.5~148.2 ℃。
1.2.2氯代2,6-二氯苯甲醛肟的合成[13]
在裝有磁子、溫度計(jì)的50 mL三口瓶中加入1.52 g(8.0 mmol) 2,6-二氯苯甲醛肟和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF) 8.0 mL,在攪拌下分批加入1.18 g(8.8 mmol)N-氯代丁二酰亞胺(NCS),升溫至45 ℃,控制反應(yīng)溫度不超過45 ℃,TLC跟蹤反應(yīng)進(jìn)程;反應(yīng)結(jié)束后,降至室溫,加水稀釋,用乙酸乙酯萃取,有機(jī)相用飽和食鹽水洗滌,再用無水MgSO4干燥,除去溶劑,得粗產(chǎn)品,再經(jīng)柱層析提純,得化合物氯代2,6-二氯苯甲醛肟,收率87.6%,熔點(diǎn)93.8~95.3 ℃。
1.2.4離體生物活性測(cè)試
采用離體平皿法[16-18]。以百菌清為對(duì)照藥,在50 mg·L-1濃度下,對(duì)黃瓜枯萎病菌(Fusariumoxysporium)、花生褐斑病菌(Cercosporaarachidicola)、蘋果輪紋病菌(Physalosporapiricola)、番茄早疫病菌(Alternariasolani)、小麥赤霉病菌(Fusariumgraminearum)、馬鈴薯晚疫病菌(Phytophthorainfestans)、辣椒疫霉病菌(Phytophthoracapsici)、黃瓜灰霉病菌(Botrytiscinerea)、油菜菌核病菌(SclerotiniaSclerotiorum)、水稻紋枯病菌(Rhizoctoniasolani)等10種菌種進(jìn)行抑菌活性實(shí)驗(yàn)。以加入等體積無菌水的培養(yǎng)基為空白對(duì)照,十字交叉法量取菌落直徑,按下式計(jì)算抑制率:
式中:D0為對(duì)照菌落擴(kuò)散直徑;D1為處理菌落擴(kuò)散直徑。
圖2 3-(2,6-二氯苯基)-5-(1-吡咯烷酮基)-2,3-異唑啉的1HNMR(a)、13CNMR(b)和高分辨質(zhì)譜(c)圖譜
Tab.1Thefungicidalactivityinvitroof3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-(1-pyrrolidone)-2,3-isoxazoline/%
供試菌種黃瓜枯萎花生褐斑蘋果輪紋番茄早疫小麥赤霉馬鈴薯晚疫辣椒疫霉黃瓜灰霉油菜菌核水稻紋枯目標(biāo)化合物392435533494435557469473642958百菌清833750923739731810826961964961
由表1可知,目標(biāo)化合物對(duì)供試菌種均表現(xiàn)出了較好的抑菌活性,說明其抑菌活性具有良好的廣譜性。且對(duì)水稻紋枯病菌的抑制率達(dá)到了95.8%,具有進(jìn)一步的研究價(jià)值。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[2]DUBIOS R J,LIN C C,BEISLER J A.Syntheses and biological activites of basically substituted isoalloxazines[J].Journal of Medical Chemical,1978,21(3):301-303.
[3]LIN S T,KUO S H,YANG F M.Reaction of halogenated cyclopropanes and nitrosyl cation:Preparation of isoxazoles[J].Journal of Organic Chemistry,1997,62(15):5229-5231.
[4]BATHICH Y,IMERHASAN M,HENNEBOEHLE M,et al.N-Methylisoxazolinium salts-An inconspicious class of compounds with high potential for organic synthesis[C].Presented at 6.IMINUM-SALZ-TANGUNG(ImSaT 6),Stimpfach-Rec henberg,Germany,2003.Book of Abstracts,99-107.
[5]MICHAEL R B,JOEL M,DONN G W,et al.Substituted aminophenyl isoxazoline derivatives useful as antimicrobials:US,6069141[P].2000-05-05.
[6]BOYCE C B C,WEBB S B.3-Pyridylisoxazolidine fungicide:US,4066770[P].1978-01-03.
的研究進(jìn)展[J].農(nóng)藥研究與應(yīng)用,2010,14(5):1-5.
[9]WITYAK J,SIELECKI T M,PINTO D J,et al.The discovery of potent isoxazoline glycoprotein Ⅱb/Ⅲa receptor antagonists[J].Journal of Medical Chemistry,1997,40(8):1292.
[10]GAO B J,HE S X,GUO J F,et al.Prepration and antibacterial character of a water-insoluble antibacterial material of grafting polyvinylpyridinium on silica gel[J].Materials Letters,2007,61(3):877-883.
[11]STRATTON T R,APPLEGATE B M,YOUNGBLOOD J P.Effect of steric hindrance on the properties of antibacterial and biocompatibal copolymers[J].Biomacromolecules,2011,12(1):50-56.
[12]BLECHER L,LORENZ D H,LOWD H L,et al.Polyvinylpyrrolidone Handbook of Water-soluble Gums and Resins[M].New York,NY:McGraw-Hill Book Company,1980:21-22.
[13]LIU K C,SHELTON B R,HOWE R K.A particularly convenient preparation of benzohydroximinoyl chlorides (nitrile oxide precursors)[J].Journal of Organic Chemistry,1980,45(19):3916-3918.
[14]BORUAH M,KONWAR D.KF/Al2O3:Solid-supported reagent used in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of nitrile oxide[J].Synthetic Communications,2012,42(22):3261-3268.
[15]HOUK K N,SIMS J,WATTS C R,et al.The origin of reactivity,regioselectivity,and periselectivity in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition[J].Journal of American Chemical Society,1973,95(22):7301-7315.
[16]FUNAKI Y,ISHIGURI Y,KATO T,et al.Structure-activity relationships of vinyl triazole fungicides[J].Journal of Pesticde Science,1984,9(2):229-236.
[17]陳年春.農(nóng)藥生物測(cè)定技術(shù)[M].北京:北京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)出版社,1991:161-162.
[18]戴紅,苗文科,劉建兵,等.新型2-取代-1,3-噻唑烷的查爾酮類化合物的合成及其生物活性[J].有機(jī)化學(xué),2012,32(9):1690-1694.