鄢 娜,馮澤國,岳劍虹,趙艷軍,顏光濤
解放軍總醫(yī)院,北京 100853 1麻醉手術(shù)中心;2基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)研究所
右美托咪啶預(yù)處理對大鼠腎缺血再灌注后肝腎抗氧化能力的影響
鄢 娜1,馮澤國1,岳劍虹1,趙艷軍1,顏光濤2
解放軍總醫(yī)院,北京 1008531麻醉手術(shù)中心;2基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)研究所
目的 探究右美托咪啶(dexmedetomidine,DEX)預(yù)處理對大鼠腎缺血再灌注損傷后腎及肝抗氧化能力的影響。方法90只雄性SD大鼠隨機分為3組(n=30),右美托咪啶預(yù)處理組(DEX組),缺血再灌注組(IRI組),假手術(shù)組(Sham組)。DEX組于建模前30 min腹腔注射DEX (100 μg/kg),其余兩組腹腔注射等量0.9%氯化鈉注射液,建立腎缺血再灌注模型,再灌注后2 h、8 h、24 h肝腎組織勻漿檢測超氧化物歧化酶(serum levels of superoxide dismutase,SOD)、一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)、乳酸(lactate dehydrogenases,LD)、還原型谷胱甘肽(reduced glutathione,GSH)及總抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC)。結(jié)果與IRI組相比,DEX組腎勻漿SOD升高,總NO降低,T-AOC升高(P<0.05),LD再灌注8 h后降低明顯(P<0.05);肝SOD升高,總NO升高,T-AOC升高(P<0.05),LD再灌注8 h、24 h降低顯著(P<0.05)。結(jié)論右美托咪啶預(yù)處理可提高大鼠腎缺血再灌注后腎及肝的抗氧化能力,減少乳酸堆積。
右美托咪啶;缺血再灌注損傷;腎;肝;抗氧化;大鼠
急性腎損傷(acute kidney injury,AKI)是大型心血管手術(shù)、器官移植手術(shù)等圍術(shù)期內(nèi)的常見嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥,表現(xiàn)為急進性腎功能惡化,腎缺血再灌注損傷是最重要的原因[1-3]。本實驗旨在討論右美托咪啶預(yù)處理對大鼠腎缺血再灌注損傷后腎及肝的抗氧化能力的影響。
1 實驗動物及材料 選擇健康清潔型成年雄性SD大鼠90只(解放軍總醫(yī)院實驗動物中心提供,許可證號為SCXK(京)2012-0001),體質(zhì)量220 ~ 240 g。適應(yīng)環(huán)境1周,分籠飼養(yǎng),室溫20 ~ 25℃,濕度60% ~ 70%,自由攝食、飲水。注射用鹽酸右美托咪啶200 μg/支(批號:13080834,13082832,江蘇恒瑞醫(yī)藥股份有限公司)。超氧化物歧化酶(serum levels of superoxide dismutase, SOD)、一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)、總抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC)C、乳酸(lactate dehydrogenases,LD)試劑盒均購自南京建成生物工程研究所。
2 分組 90只SD雄性大鼠隨機分為3組(n=30),右美托咪啶預(yù)處理組(DEX組),缺血再灌注組(IRI組),假手術(shù)組(Sham組),每組按再灌注后時間點不同各自分為3個亞組。DEX組統(tǒng)一于建模前30 min腹腔注射DEX 100μg/kg,其余兩組則注射等量的0.9%氯化鈉注射液。
3 腎缺血再灌注損傷大鼠模型制備 參考Sugita等[4]介紹的方法建立腎缺血再灌注損傷模型。術(shù)前禁食12 h,自由飲水,大鼠稱重后,3%硫噴妥鈉50 mg/kg腹腔注射麻醉,待翻正反射消失后,俯臥位于溫度恒定于38℃的體溫毯上,背側(cè)入路,于肋弓下緣0.5 cm、脊柱旁開1 cm處做兩側(cè)縱形切口,分離腎蒂,游離輸尿管,切除右側(cè)腎,左側(cè)腎蒂使用無損傷血管夾夾閉45 min。根據(jù)左腎顏色來判斷缺血情況,確認(rèn)其由鮮紅轉(zhuǎn)為整體腎暗紅色時即可。45 min后松開血管夾進行再灌注,待腎由暗紅色轉(zhuǎn)為鮮紅色,恢復(fù)血液供應(yīng)后再將其還納入腹腔并縫合傷口。Sham組僅切除右腎并分離左側(cè)腎蒂,不進行鉗夾處理。
4 標(biāo)本收集及檢測 每組各隨機選取10只大鼠,于再灌注后2 h、8 h及24 h 3個時間點,麻醉后統(tǒng)一獲取左腎及肝左上葉,置于0.9%氯化鈉注射液中,去除表面殘血后液氮快速凍存。根據(jù)檢測指標(biāo)試劑盒要求制備肝及腎組織勻漿,測定肝及腎SOD、NO、LD及T-AOC含量。
5 統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理 采用SPSS17.0統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件進行分析,計量資料以表示,每組不同時間點指標(biāo)比較采用雙因素方差分析,組間比較采用單因素方差分析,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
1 腎抗氧化能力 與IRI組相比,再灌注后2 h、8 h、24 h,DEX組腎組織勻漿SOD、T-AOC含量均升高(P<0.05),總NO含量下降(P<0.05),LD含量于再灌注后8 h下降,且差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);與Sham組相比,再灌注后2 h、8 h、24 h,DEX組T-AOC含量均升高,且差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見圖1。
2 肝抗氧化能力 與IRI組相比,再灌注后2 h、8 h、24 h,DEX組肝組織勻SOD、總NO、T-AOC含量升高(P<0.05),LD含量降低(P<0.05);與Sham組相比,再灌注后2 h、8 h、24 h,DEX組肝勻漿總NO含量升高(P<0.05),T-AOC含量升高(P<0.05), LD于再灌注后8 h升高明顯(P<0.05)。見圖2。
腎缺血再灌注損傷是臨床大型心血管、移植手術(shù)中常見的臨床問題,嚴(yán)重時可導(dǎo)致急性腎損傷,降低了遠期生存率[2-3,5-6]。腎缺血再灌注損傷引起體內(nèi)炎癥反應(yīng)的發(fā)生,加之再灌注期間體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生高濃度的活性氧簇(reactive oxygen species,ROS),從而導(dǎo)致遠隔臟器,如肝的功能障礙,嚴(yán)重時可導(dǎo)致肝衰竭,增大術(shù)后并發(fā)癥處理難度[7]。有研究表明右美托咪啶對腎缺血再灌注損傷具有保護作用。其抗缺血再灌注損傷作用機制可能與其能減弱交感神經(jīng)興奮性、抑制腎素釋放、在再灌注期間阻止腎血管痙攣而起到增加腎臟血流、提高腎小球率過濾、增加鈉水排泄相關(guān),也與其通過激活相關(guān)促存活通路如PI3K/Akt、ERK1/2及HMGB-1/TLR-4信號通路,起到抗缺血再灌注損傷作用相關(guān)[8-15]。同時其本身具有鎮(zhèn)痛作用減少了非甾體類抗炎藥及嗎啡的使用,降低了由于非甾體類抗炎藥導(dǎo)致的急性腎損傷的風(fēng)險及嗎啡在急性腎損傷患者體內(nèi)堆積所產(chǎn)生的危害[15]。然而關(guān)于DEX是否可以減輕腎缺血再灌注損傷后所致的肝損傷的研究甚少。
本實驗結(jié)果表明,與IRI組相比,DEX組腎的SOD、T-AOC值于再灌注后2 h、8 h及24 h升高,表明DEX預(yù)處理后,大鼠腎的抗氧化能力有所提高;LD含量,IRI組于再灌注后8 h升高(P<0.05),推測DEX預(yù)處理可能通過減輕腎缺氧引起的糖酵解增加,或加強腎排泄消除堆積LD的能力來起到保護作用,致使乳酸在再灌注過程中維持相對平穩(wěn)的水平;腎總NO結(jié)果顯示,DEX預(yù)處理后腎臟總NO含量較IRI組降低,該結(jié)果與圖2中肝總NO含量結(jié)果恰恰相反。肝總NO結(jié)果顯示,DEX預(yù)處理后肝總NO含量較IRI組升高。機體的NO是由L-精氨酸與氧分子在不同一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的催化下生成的,目前研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的NOS有3種,內(nèi)皮型NOS(eNOS)、神經(jīng)型NOS(nNOS)及誘生型NOS(iNOS)。本實驗僅針對肝、腎總NO含量進行測定,而未進行分型測定,故大鼠肝、腎中NO主要來源未知,有待進一步實驗研究探索。圖2結(jié)果表明,與IRI組相比,DEX組肝SOD、T-AOC含量升高(P<0.05),清除氧自由基能力增強;LD結(jié)果表明,大鼠腎缺血再灌注后,肝乳酸增多,DEX可以減輕肝乳酸堆積情況,進而產(chǎn)生肝的保護作用。
圖 1 大鼠腎組織勻漿SOD、 NO、 LA、 T-AOC檢測結(jié)果Fig. 1 Serum SOD, NO, LA levels and T-AOC in renal tissue of ratsP<0.05, vs I/R injury group at different time points; P<0.05, vs RHP at different time points
圖 2 大鼠肝組織勻漿SOD、 NO、 LA、 T-AOC檢測結(jié)果Fig. 2 Serum SOD, NO, LA levels and T-AOC in renal tissue of rats
綜上所述,右美托咪啶預(yù)處理可以提高大鼠腎缺血再灌注后的腎及肝對氧自由基的清除能力,提高總抗氧化能力,減少乳酸堆積情況,進而起到對腎及肝的保護作用。
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Effect of dexmedetomidine pretreatment on antioxidant ability of kidney and liver in rats following renal ischemia/reperfusion injury
YAN Na1, FENG Ze-guo1, YUE Jian-hong1, ZHAO Yan-jun1, YAN Guang-tao2
1Anesthesia and Operation Center;2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
FENG Ze-guo. Email:beijing_301@sina.com
ObjectiveTo study the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) pretreatment on antioxidant ability of kidney and liver in rats following renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.MethodsNinety male SD rats were randomly divided into DEX pretreatment group, I/R injury group, and sham operation group (30 in each group). DEX (100 μg/kg) was injected into the abdominal cavity of rats in DEX pretreatment group 30 min before the model was established. A renal I/R injury model was established for I/R injury group and sham operation group, respectively, by injecting 0.9% sodium chloride (100 μg/kg). Serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO) and lactate dehydrogenases (LD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (T- AOC) in liver and renal tissues were measured 2, 8 and 24 h, respectively, after reperfusion.ResultsThe serum SOD level and T-AOC were higher and the serum NO level was lower in DEX pretreatment group than in I/R injury group (P<0.05). The serum LA level was signifcantly lower while the serum SOD and NO level and T-AOC were signifcantly higher in DEX pretreatment group than in I/ R injury group 8 h after reperfusion (P<0.05) and the serum LA level was signifcantly lower in DEX pretreatment group than in I/ R injury group 8 and 24 h after reperfusion (P<0.05).ConclusionDEX pretreatment can increase the antioxidant ability of kidney and liver in rats following renal I/R injury, thus reducing LA accumulation.
dexmedetomidine; reperfusion injure; kidney; liver; antioxidation; rats
R 361
A
2095-5227(2014)07-0755-04
10.3969/j.issn.2095-5227.2014.07.030
時間:2014-03-10 17:28
http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.3275.R.20140310.1728.005.html
2013-12-20
鄢娜,女,碩士。專業(yè)方向:麻醉學(xué)。Email:yanna871106@163.com
馮澤國,男,碩士生導(dǎo)師,主任醫(yī)師。Email:beijing_301@sina.com