王元芬,牛子儒,郭一帆,谷 芳,劉忠宇,姚元慶
解放軍總醫(yī)院 婦產(chǎn)科,北京 100853
人類白細(xì)胞抗原G在宮頸癌組織中的表達(dá)及臨床意義
王元芬,牛子儒,郭一帆,谷 芳,劉忠宇,姚元慶
解放軍總醫(yī)院 婦產(chǎn)科,北京 100853
目的 探討人類白細(xì)胞抗原G(human leukocyte antigen G,HLA-G)在宮頸癌組織中的表達(dá)及其臨床意義。方法應(yīng)用S-P免疫組織化學(xué)方法檢測(cè)于2006年1月- 2011年12月就診我院的98例宮頸鱗癌患者術(shù)后病理標(biāo)本,并分析HLA-G的表達(dá)與病理參數(shù)之間的關(guān)系。結(jié)果HLA-G分子在宮頸癌組織中表達(dá)率為43.9%(43/98),而在癌旁正常宮頸組織的表達(dá)率為0。HLA-G分子表達(dá)與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、脈管浸潤(rùn)有相關(guān)性(P<0.01)。結(jié)論HLA-G分子在宮頸癌組織中表達(dá)上調(diào),并與宮頸癌的侵襲性生長(zhǎng)相關(guān)。HLA-G分子參與腫瘤細(xì)胞免疫逃逸過程,促進(jìn)腫瘤的發(fā)生和發(fā)展。
宮頸癌;人類白細(xì)胞抗原G;免疫組織化學(xué)
腫瘤微環(huán)境中有多種分子參與腫瘤細(xì)胞免疫逃逸過程,例如血管內(nèi)皮生長(zhǎng)因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、白細(xì)胞介素-10(interleukin-10,IL-10)、轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子-P(transforming growth factor-p,TGF-p)、前列腺素等[1]。近年來,人白細(xì)胞抗原G(human leukocyte antigen G,HLA-G)逐漸成為腫瘤免疫逃逸的研究熱點(diǎn)。HLA-G最早發(fā)現(xiàn)其特異性表達(dá)于母胎界面絨毛膜外滋養(yǎng)層細(xì)胞,在妊娠過程中,阻止母體對(duì)同種半異體的胎兒進(jìn)行免疫排斥反應(yīng),維持妊娠。近年來多項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),HLA-G分子亦表達(dá)于黑色素瘤、乳腺癌、肺癌等30余種腫瘤細(xì)胞表面,提示HLA-G分子可能在腫瘤細(xì)胞的免疫逃逸中發(fā)揮重要作用[2-7]。然而,HLA-G分子在宮頸癌組織中的表達(dá)尚不十分清楚。本研究旨在分析HLA-G分子在宮頸癌組織中的表達(dá)與病理參數(shù)之間的關(guān)系。
1 病例及標(biāo)本來源 98例組織標(biāo)本均為2006年1月- 2011年12月就診于本院并行宮頸癌根治術(shù)患者,根據(jù)2009年國(guó)際婦產(chǎn)科協(xié)會(huì)(Federation International of Gynecology and Obstetrics,F(xiàn)IGO)指南均診斷為ⅠB ~ ⅡA期,術(shù)前未行放、化療。宮頸癌組織蠟塊經(jīng)病理學(xué)證實(shí)組織類型為宮頸鱗癌。同時(shí)取20例宮頸癌旁3 ~ 5 cm宮頸組織,經(jīng)病理學(xué)證實(shí)無(wú)癌細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)。HLA-G表達(dá)陽(yáng)性對(duì)照標(biāo)本取自解放軍總醫(yī)院計(jì)劃生育門診3例孕婦(孕8 ~ 12周)行人流術(shù)后絨毛組織,石蠟包埋成組織蠟塊。
2 試劑 鼠抗人HLA-G單抗,購(gòu)自LifeSpan BioScience公司。即用型小鼠SP-9002檢測(cè)試劑盒購(gòu)自北京中杉金橋生物技術(shù)有限公司。
3 免疫組織化學(xué)S-P法檢測(cè)HLA-G表達(dá) 切片脫蠟,二甲苯(Ⅰ)10 min→二甲苯(Ⅱ)10 min→100%乙醇2 min→95%乙醇2 min→80%乙醇2 min→蒸餾水浸洗2次,將切片放置高壓鍋中??乖迯?fù):加熱蒸餾水至270℃煮沸,切片置于高壓鍋中,待安全閥門抬起后,蓋上散氣閥,待散氣閥轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)后,降至100℃ 2.5 min,關(guān)閉電源,置于冷水中,冷卻15 min。蒸餾水浸洗切片2次。消除內(nèi)源性過氧化物酶:切片置于30% H2O2浸泡15 min,蒸餾水充分浸洗3次。PBS浸洗3次,每次5 min。滴加鼠抗人HLA-G蛋白單克隆抗體(工作濃度:1∶750),4℃過夜。PBS浸洗3次,每次5 min,滴加生物素標(biāo)記的二抗,37℃孵育20 min,PBS浸洗3次,每次5 min。DAB顯色,自來水充分沖洗,蘇木素染液,沖冼,水溶性樹脂膠進(jìn)行封片。
4 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果判定 將癌細(xì)胞膜或細(xì)胞質(zhì)內(nèi)出現(xiàn)棕黃色顯色定為陽(yáng)性表達(dá),每張切片由兩名經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的病理醫(yī)師分別判定。
5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 應(yīng)用SPSS19.0軟件進(jìn)行處理。計(jì)數(shù)資料用χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
1 HLA-G在組織中的表達(dá) 在98例宮頸癌組織中,43例HLA-G分子表達(dá)陽(yáng)性,表達(dá)率為43.9% (43/98),主要定位于細(xì)胞質(zhì)或細(xì)胞膜上。而在20例癌旁正常宮頸組織中無(wú)HLA-G分子的表達(dá)。見圖1 ~圖4。
2 HLA-G分子表達(dá)與病理參數(shù)之間的關(guān)系 98例宮頸癌組織中,HLA-G分子陽(yáng)性表達(dá)率與分化、宮頸肌層浸潤(rùn)無(wú)關(guān)(P>0.05),與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、脈管浸潤(rùn)相關(guān)(P<0.01)。見表1。
圖 1 HLA-G在絨毛膜組織的表達(dá)(×200,陽(yáng)性對(duì)照)Fig. 1 Expression of HLA-G in chorionic tissues(×200, positive control group)
圖 2 宮頸癌組織中陽(yáng)性表達(dá)(×200)Fig. 2 Positive expression in cervical cancer(×200)
圖 3 宮頸癌組織中陰性表達(dá)(×200)Fig. 3 Negative expression in cervical cancer(×200)
圖 4 正常宮頸組織無(wú)表達(dá)(×100)Fig. 4 No expression in normal cervical tissues(×100)
多項(xiàng)研究證實(shí)某些腫瘤細(xì)胞表達(dá)HLA-G分子,通過與免疫細(xì)胞表面的抑制性受體結(jié)合,抑制宿主免疫功能,這可能成為腫瘤免疫逃逸機(jī)制之一[8]。目前已發(fā)現(xiàn)3種可結(jié)合HLA-G分子的殺傷細(xì)胞免疫球蛋白樣受體(killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor,KIR):免疫球蛋白樣轉(zhuǎn)錄體2(immunoglobulin-like transcripts ILT2/CD85j/leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors LILRB1)、免疫球蛋白樣轉(zhuǎn)錄體4(ILT4/CD58d/LILRB2)及殺傷細(xì)胞抑制性受體(KIR2DL4/CD158d)。這3種受體特異性表達(dá)于T淋巴細(xì)胞(ILT2)、NK細(xì)胞(KIR2DL4和ILT2)、單核細(xì)胞、巨噬細(xì)胞及抗原提呈細(xì)胞(ILT2和ILT4)[9]。HLA-G分子的免疫抑制功能主要有:1)通過Fas/ FasL信號(hào)通路,誘導(dǎo)CD8+T細(xì)胞及CD8+NK細(xì)胞凋亡;2)抑制細(xì)胞毒性T細(xì)胞及CD8+NK細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞溶解作用;3)抑制CD4+T細(xì)胞增殖以及幼稚CD4+T細(xì)胞活化;4)HLA-G分子促使T細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化為調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞(regulatory T cell,Treg cell),在腫瘤中Treg細(xì)胞通過細(xì)胞間接觸或分泌可溶性細(xì)胞因子(IL-10、TGF-β等)的途徑,抑制腫瘤特異性CD8+CTL和CD4+T細(xì)胞的免疫活性,抑制NK細(xì)胞的殺傷作用,從而抑制機(jī)體免疫功能[10-13]。
表1 HLA-G分子表達(dá)與病理參數(shù)的關(guān)系Tab. 1 Relationship between HLA-G and clinicopathological characteristics (n, %)
生理狀態(tài)下,HLA-G分子表達(dá)分布具有組織特異性。最早發(fā)現(xiàn)HLA-G表達(dá)于母胎界面絨毛膜外滋養(yǎng)層細(xì)胞,參與母胎界面的免疫耐受過程,抑制母體對(duì)同種半異體的胎兒進(jìn)行免疫排斥反應(yīng),維持妊娠[14]。運(yùn)用RNA印記及RT-PCR證實(shí):HLA-G mRNA廣泛存在于成人組織細(xì)胞,如皮膚、脾、胸腺等。然而與經(jīng)典MHC-Ⅰ類分子相比,在多數(shù)組織中檢測(cè)到的HLA-G mRNA數(shù)量極少[15]。
1998年,Paul等[16]首次報(bào)道惡性黑色素瘤細(xì)胞系表達(dá)HLA-G分子。并且,在對(duì)黑色素瘤患者活檢組織的研究中,在原發(fā)瘤及轉(zhuǎn)移瘤組織中檢測(cè)到HLA-G mRNA的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平和HLA-G分子表達(dá)增高,而癌旁正常皮膚組織及腫瘤壞死部位HLA-G mRNA的水平很低,且未檢測(cè)到HLA-G蛋白表達(dá)。Elliott等[17]的研究中運(yùn)用RT-PCR方法檢測(cè)正常乳腺上皮細(xì)胞系及乳腺癌細(xì)胞系HLA-G mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄水平,結(jié)果正常乳腺上皮細(xì)胞系未檢測(cè)到HLA-G mRNA,而在不同的乳腺癌細(xì)胞系中HLA-G mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄水平不同。Yie等[18-19]研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)90.9%(110/121)食管鱗癌、71%(113/160)胃癌原發(fā)部位有HLA-G分子的表達(dá),而在正常組織中HLA-G表達(dá)陰性。Jung等[20]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)卵巢癌患者中HLA-G mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)水平顯著高于正常卵巢組織。
本次試驗(yàn)結(jié)果證實(shí),在宮頸癌組織中HLA-G分子的陽(yáng)性表達(dá)率為43.9%,而癌旁正常宮頸組織中未發(fā)現(xiàn)HLA-G分子的表達(dá)。這與之前在其他腫瘤中發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)論一致。HLA-G分子與宮頸癌病理參數(shù)關(guān)系研究發(fā)現(xiàn),HLA-G分子的表達(dá)與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、脈管浸潤(rùn)相關(guān),這可能成為宮頸癌轉(zhuǎn)移的一個(gè)前期信號(hào),同時(shí)進(jìn)一步支持HLA-G分子免疫抑制,促進(jìn)腫瘤發(fā)生、發(fā)展的結(jié)論。而鄭妮等[21]研究中顯示,HLA-G在宮頸癌中的表達(dá)與腫瘤分化相關(guān),與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)性無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。對(duì)比兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,結(jié)果不同可能是因?yàn)椴±x擇及例數(shù)不同,鄭妮等試驗(yàn)中選擇54例宮頸鱗癌及腺癌,臨床分期為Ⅰ~Ⅳ期,而本實(shí)驗(yàn)僅選擇了98例早期宮頸鱗癌,臨床分期為ⅠB ~ⅡA期。亦可能是不同實(shí)驗(yàn)室所使用的單克隆抗體不同或敏感度不同。因此,需要更大標(biāo)本量的試驗(yàn)進(jìn)一步研究HLA-G分子在宮頸癌中的表達(dá)、作用機(jī)制及臨床意義。
綜上所述,可通過檢測(cè)宮頸癌患者HLA-G分子的表達(dá),評(píng)估患者的病情變化及預(yù)后。同時(shí),HLA-G分子可作為免疫治療的靶點(diǎn),研發(fā)針對(duì)HLA-G分子特異性的抗體,阻斷HLA-G分子與抑制性受體結(jié)合,從而恢復(fù)或增強(qiáng)機(jī)體抗腫瘤效應(yīng),改善患者預(yù)后及臨床結(jié)局。
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Expression and clinical signifcance of human leukocyte antigen G in cervical cancer
WANG Yuan-fen, NIU Zi-ru, GUO Yi-fan, GU Fang, LIU Zhong-yu, YAO Yuan-qing
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
YAO Yuan-qing. Email:yaoyq@126.com
ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of HLA-G molecule in cervical cancer and its clinical signifcance.MethodsPostoperative pathological samples of 98 patients with cervical cancer admitted to our hospital from January 2006 to December 2011 were detected by immunohistochemical method (S-P method), and the relationship between HLA-G and clinico-pathological characteristics in cervical cancer was analyzed.ResultsThe positive expression rate of HLA-G in cervical cancer was 43.9% (43/98),while no positive expression was found in normal tissues. The expression of HLA-G was correlated with lymphatic metastasis and vascular invasion (P<0.01).ConclusionExpression of HLA-G in cervical cancer tissues is signifcantly higher than that in normal tissues and it relates to the invasive growth of cervical cancer. It is also suggested that HLA-G molecule is closely related to immune evasion which will also promote the development of tumor.
cervical cancer; human leukocyte antigen G; immunohistochemical method
R 737.33
A
2095-5227(2014)07-0741-04
10.3969/j.issn.2095-5227.2014.07.026
時(shí)間:2014-04-18 17:38
http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.3275.R.20140418.1738.001.html
2014-04-02
北京市科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(Z131100006813023)
Supported by Beijing Science and Technology Program(Z131100006813023)
王元芬,女,碩士。研究方向:婦科腫瘤。Email:wyf1988119@163.com
姚元慶,男,博士,主任醫(yī)師,教授。Email:yaoyq@126.com