高原
【摘要】目的:探討全身麻醉插管術后咽痛與月經(jīng)周期的關系。方法:選取46例年齡為18-45歲女性患者記錄末次月經(jīng),分別于術后1小時、6小時及24小時記錄咽痛、吞咽困難、聲嘶的嚴重程度(分為無、輕、重)。結果:51%患者在術后第一個6小時有咽痛。吞咽困難和聲嘶與月經(jīng)周期均無相關性(P=0.30, P=0.55)。結論:月經(jīng)周期與咽痛的發(fā)生率并無相關性。
【關鍵詞】插管法;喉鏡檢查;咽炎;月經(jīng)周期
【中圖分類號】R614.2 【文獻標識碼】B【文章編號】1004-4949(2014)01-0295-01
全身麻醉中通常使用直接喉鏡輔助氣管插管1-3。為了讓聲門的視野更清晰,在使用喉鏡和插管時會施加一些外力。故而常常會損傷到唇、齒、咽、會厭、喉、聲帶、氣管等部位,從而使得患病率升高,甚至致死。全身麻醉患者氣管插管術后最常見的并發(fā)癥之一為咽痛。有報道大約有40%的患者主訴有咽部不適3-14。不同研究中報道的術后咽痛大約為18%-65%6,15-20。盡管喉部不適并非嚴重并發(fā)癥,但是給患者帶來了負面的影響6。有報道的引起咽痛的危險因素有女性患者3,7-9,21-23,術后惡心嘔吐,吸煙史,插管次數(shù)6,9,拔管時間,咳嗽頻率等。此外術中患者體位,置管或術中導管移位會直接導致組織損傷。在女性的月經(jīng)周期中,激素水平也不斷的產(chǎn)生變化。這些變化會導致女性的生活質(zhì)量發(fā)生改變,如情緒的波動,我們稱為經(jīng)前期綜合癥。然而,這種變化會影響痛覺閾值。有報道,在黃體期,對痛覺的敏感性是增加的24。而且不同女性對鎮(zhèn)痛劑的反應各不相同,并且比男性所需的劑量相對要高些24-31。
激素水平的變化對臨床影響的大小及效應仍不清楚。它對痛覺的感受性是隨時間而變化的,因而,時間是個重要的變量32,33。本研究旨在探討月經(jīng)周期與咽喉痛的關系。
1 資料與方法
1.1一般資料 46例非孕且準備實施全身麻醉手術的女性患者,年齡18-45歲,臨床檢查無氣道病變。排除以下情況:近期肺部疾病,吸煙,術前兩周有感冒史,可摘義齒,面部、頸部、口腔和或氣道先天或后天畸形,口瘡或潰瘍,胸頸部手術后,術程超過3小時,懷孕,口服避孕藥,月經(jīng)不調(diào)。
1.2方法
1.2.1分組 根據(jù)時間分為三組:術后1小時,術后6小時,術后24小時。
1.2.2數(shù)據(jù)收集 所有入選對象均記錄末次月經(jīng),分別于術后1小時、6小時及24小時記錄咽痛、吞咽困難、聲嘶的嚴重程度(分為無、輕、重)。
1.2.3 統(tǒng)計學分析 運用SPSS16.0軟件包建立數(shù)據(jù)庫,并用卡方及t檢驗進行統(tǒng)計學分析,P<0.05為具有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2結果
3討論
根據(jù)本文的研究,月經(jīng)周期中激素的變化與咽痛并無相關性。拔管后的第6個小時,51%的患者出現(xiàn)疼痛,這與以往的資料報道是相符的3-14。有趣的是月經(jīng)周期的第6或第7天的患者占更多數(shù),可能原因是此期間患者未來月經(jīng),更方便手術,但是這與咽痛的發(fā)生率無相關性。
拔管后第一個6小時咽痛的發(fā)生率是影響患者預后的因素之一。因為像心率、血壓、出血、止痛藥的應用及副作用(惡心、呼吸暫停)是隨著疼痛的程度而變化的。因而我們建議,提高插管技術,拔管時更小心些能夠減少咽痛的發(fā)生,從而提高患者生存質(zhì)量,同時降低了并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生。
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