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解析同位語從句

2014-07-03 14:37朱章丹
高中生學(xué)習(xí)·高二版 2014年5期
關(guān)鍵詞:同位語主句先行

朱章丹

在復(fù)合句主句中名詞性成分之后與該名詞性成分并列, 補(bǔ)充說明該名詞性成分的有關(guān)情況的名詞性從句, 被稱為同位語從句。同位語從句的先行詞通常為answer, hope, fact, truth, belief, news, idea, promise, information, conclusion, order, suggestion, problem, question, thought, report, belief, decision, doubt, opinion, theory等抽象名詞。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞語通常有連詞that,whether,how, when, where, why, who等。

一、同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞

1. 由that引導(dǎo)

(1)The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不實(shí)。

(2)Ive come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that. 我得出結(jié)論這樣做是不明智的。

(3)The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen. 那筆錢不見了并不意味著是被偷了。

注意 在某些名詞(如demand, wish, suggestion, 等)后面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣。如:

(1)The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出的。

(2)They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. 他們面對(duì)廢除這個(gè)稅的要求。

2. 由whether引導(dǎo)

(1)The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 這個(gè)是對(duì)還是錯(cuò)要看結(jié)果。

(2)We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我們不是在調(diào)查他是否可以信任的問題

注意 whether 可引導(dǎo)同位語從句,但if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。

3. 由連接代詞、連接副詞引導(dǎo)

(1)Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么時(shí)候開始嗎?

(2)I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來。

(3)It is a question how he did it. 那是一個(gè)他如何做的問題。

(4)He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她為什么離開。

(5)You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多著急!

二、關(guān)于分離同位語從句

同位語從句在句子中的位置一般緊跟在名詞之后,但也可以被主句的其他成分隔開,稱為分隔式同位語從句。

(1)The story goes that he beats his wife. 傳說他打老婆

(2)The rumour spread that a new school would be built here. 謠傳這里要蓋一所新學(xué)校。

(3)The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他想到可能敵人已逃離這座城市。

(4)The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village. 不久命令下來,所有居民都必須撤出村子。

三、同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別

1.意義的不同

同位語從句是名詞性的,其功能是用于說明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的,它與被修飾詞語通??梢詣澋忍?hào);而定語從句是形容詞性的,其功能是限制所修飾先行詞,對(duì)先行詞加以限定,并描述先行次的性質(zhì)或者特征,它的作用是將所修飾的名詞與其他類似的東西區(qū)別開來:

We are glad at the news that he will come. 聽到他要來這個(gè)消息我們很高興。(news的內(nèi)容就是that he will come,故that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句)

We are glad at the news that he told us. 聽到他告訴我們的這個(gè)消息我們很高興。(that從句是限制the news的內(nèi)容的,即我們高興只是因?yàn)樗嬖V的這個(gè)news而不是其他的news,故that從句為定語從句)

2. 引導(dǎo)詞的不同

what, how, if, whatever 等可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,但不引導(dǎo)定語從句。

3. 引導(dǎo)詞的功能上的不同

that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí),它不充當(dāng)句子成分,而引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),它作為關(guān)系代詞,要么充當(dāng)定語從句的主語,要么充當(dāng)定語從句的賓語。如上例 that he told us中的that就充當(dāng)told的賓語。

4. 被修飾詞語的區(qū)別

同位語從句所修飾的名詞比較有限,通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等,而定語從句所修飾的名詞則非常廣泛。 另外,when和where 引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),通常只修飾表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的名詞,而它們引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)卻不一定;又如why引導(dǎo)定語從句,它通常只修飾名詞the reason,而它引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)則不一定:

I have no idea when they will come. 我不知道他們什么時(shí)候來。(同位語從句)

Ill never forget the days when I lived there.. 我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我住在那兒的日子。(定語從句)

We dont understand the problem why this is the best choice. 我們不明白這個(gè)問題,為什么這是最好的選擇。

The reason why he didnt come to the meeting is that he is ill. 他未能來開會(huì),原因是他生病了。

1. Its none of your business . (engage)

瑪麗與誰訂婚不關(guān)你的事。

2. Despite the fact , he will never give up. (fail)

盡管他失敗了許多次,但是他是不會(huì)放棄的。

3. Finally,the workers got an answer . (raise)

最后,工人們得到的答復(fù)是政府不能做任何事來提高他們的工資。

4. Is there any possibility at the airport?(pick)

有沒有任何可能性你能到機(jī)場(chǎng)來接我?

1. who will engage to Mary

2. that he has failed for many times

3. that government could do nothing to raise their wages

4. that you could pick me upendprint

在復(fù)合句主句中名詞性成分之后與該名詞性成分并列, 補(bǔ)充說明該名詞性成分的有關(guān)情況的名詞性從句, 被稱為同位語從句。同位語從句的先行詞通常為answer, hope, fact, truth, belief, news, idea, promise, information, conclusion, order, suggestion, problem, question, thought, report, belief, decision, doubt, opinion, theory等抽象名詞。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞語通常有連詞that,whether,how, when, where, why, who等。

一、同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞

1. 由that引導(dǎo)

(1)The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不實(shí)。

(2)Ive come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that. 我得出結(jié)論這樣做是不明智的。

(3)The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen. 那筆錢不見了并不意味著是被偷了。

注意 在某些名詞(如demand, wish, suggestion, 等)后面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣。如:

(1)The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出的。

(2)They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. 他們面對(duì)廢除這個(gè)稅的要求。

2. 由whether引導(dǎo)

(1)The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 這個(gè)是對(duì)還是錯(cuò)要看結(jié)果。

(2)We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我們不是在調(diào)查他是否可以信任的問題

注意 whether 可引導(dǎo)同位語從句,但if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。

3. 由連接代詞、連接副詞引導(dǎo)

(1)Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么時(shí)候開始嗎?

(2)I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來。

(3)It is a question how he did it. 那是一個(gè)他如何做的問題。

(4)He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她為什么離開。

(5)You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多著急!

二、關(guān)于分離同位語從句

同位語從句在句子中的位置一般緊跟在名詞之后,但也可以被主句的其他成分隔開,稱為分隔式同位語從句。

(1)The story goes that he beats his wife. 傳說他打老婆

(2)The rumour spread that a new school would be built here. 謠傳這里要蓋一所新學(xué)校。

(3)The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他想到可能敵人已逃離這座城市。

(4)The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village. 不久命令下來,所有居民都必須撤出村子。

三、同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別

1.意義的不同

同位語從句是名詞性的,其功能是用于說明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的,它與被修飾詞語通常可以劃等號(hào);而定語從句是形容詞性的,其功能是限制所修飾先行詞,對(duì)先行詞加以限定,并描述先行次的性質(zhì)或者特征,它的作用是將所修飾的名詞與其他類似的東西區(qū)別開來:

We are glad at the news that he will come. 聽到他要來這個(gè)消息我們很高興。(news的內(nèi)容就是that he will come,故that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句)

We are glad at the news that he told us. 聽到他告訴我們的這個(gè)消息我們很高興。(that從句是限制the news的內(nèi)容的,即我們高興只是因?yàn)樗嬖V的這個(gè)news而不是其他的news,故that從句為定語從句)

2. 引導(dǎo)詞的不同

what, how, if, whatever 等可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,但不引導(dǎo)定語從句。

3. 引導(dǎo)詞的功能上的不同

that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí),它不充當(dāng)句子成分,而引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),它作為關(guān)系代詞,要么充當(dāng)定語從句的主語,要么充當(dāng)定語從句的賓語。如上例 that he told us中的that就充當(dāng)told的賓語。

4. 被修飾詞語的區(qū)別

同位語從句所修飾的名詞比較有限,通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等,而定語從句所修飾的名詞則非常廣泛。 另外,when和where 引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),通常只修飾表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的名詞,而它們引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)卻不一定;又如why引導(dǎo)定語從句,它通常只修飾名詞the reason,而它引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)則不一定:

I have no idea when they will come. 我不知道他們什么時(shí)候來。(同位語從句)

Ill never forget the days when I lived there.. 我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我住在那兒的日子。(定語從句)

We dont understand the problem why this is the best choice. 我們不明白這個(gè)問題,為什么這是最好的選擇。

The reason why he didnt come to the meeting is that he is ill. 他未能來開會(huì),原因是他生病了。

1. Its none of your business . (engage)

瑪麗與誰訂婚不關(guān)你的事。

2. Despite the fact , he will never give up. (fail)

盡管他失敗了許多次,但是他是不會(huì)放棄的。

3. Finally,the workers got an answer . (raise)

最后,工人們得到的答復(fù)是政府不能做任何事來提高他們的工資。

4. Is there any possibility at the airport?(pick)

有沒有任何可能性你能到機(jī)場(chǎng)來接我?

1. who will engage to Mary

2. that he has failed for many times

3. that government could do nothing to raise their wages

4. that you could pick me upendprint

在復(fù)合句主句中名詞性成分之后與該名詞性成分并列, 補(bǔ)充說明該名詞性成分的有關(guān)情況的名詞性從句, 被稱為同位語從句。同位語從句的先行詞通常為answer, hope, fact, truth, belief, news, idea, promise, information, conclusion, order, suggestion, problem, question, thought, report, belief, decision, doubt, opinion, theory等抽象名詞。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞語通常有連詞that,whether,how, when, where, why, who等。

一、同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞

1. 由that引導(dǎo)

(1)The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不實(shí)。

(2)Ive come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that. 我得出結(jié)論這樣做是不明智的。

(3)The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen. 那筆錢不見了并不意味著是被偷了。

注意 在某些名詞(如demand, wish, suggestion, 等)后面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣。如:

(1)The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出的。

(2)They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. 他們面對(duì)廢除這個(gè)稅的要求。

2. 由whether引導(dǎo)

(1)The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 這個(gè)是對(duì)還是錯(cuò)要看結(jié)果。

(2)We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我們不是在調(diào)查他是否可以信任的問題

注意 whether 可引導(dǎo)同位語從句,但if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。

3. 由連接代詞、連接副詞引導(dǎo)

(1)Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么時(shí)候開始嗎?

(2)I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來。

(3)It is a question how he did it. 那是一個(gè)他如何做的問題。

(4)He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她為什么離開。

(5)You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多著急!

二、關(guān)于分離同位語從句

同位語從句在句子中的位置一般緊跟在名詞之后,但也可以被主句的其他成分隔開,稱為分隔式同位語從句。

(1)The story goes that he beats his wife. 傳說他打老婆

(2)The rumour spread that a new school would be built here. 謠傳這里要蓋一所新學(xué)校。

(3)The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他想到可能敵人已逃離這座城市。

(4)The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village. 不久命令下來,所有居民都必須撤出村子。

三、同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別

1.意義的不同

同位語從句是名詞性的,其功能是用于說明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的,它與被修飾詞語通常可以劃等號(hào);而定語從句是形容詞性的,其功能是限制所修飾先行詞,對(duì)先行詞加以限定,并描述先行次的性質(zhì)或者特征,它的作用是將所修飾的名詞與其他類似的東西區(qū)別開來:

We are glad at the news that he will come. 聽到他要來這個(gè)消息我們很高興。(news的內(nèi)容就是that he will come,故that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句)

We are glad at the news that he told us. 聽到他告訴我們的這個(gè)消息我們很高興。(that從句是限制the news的內(nèi)容的,即我們高興只是因?yàn)樗嬖V的這個(gè)news而不是其他的news,故that從句為定語從句)

2. 引導(dǎo)詞的不同

what, how, if, whatever 等可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,但不引導(dǎo)定語從句。

3. 引導(dǎo)詞的功能上的不同

that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí),它不充當(dāng)句子成分,而引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),它作為關(guān)系代詞,要么充當(dāng)定語從句的主語,要么充當(dāng)定語從句的賓語。如上例 that he told us中的that就充當(dāng)told的賓語。

4. 被修飾詞語的區(qū)別

同位語從句所修飾的名詞比較有限,通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等,而定語從句所修飾的名詞則非常廣泛。 另外,when和where 引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),通常只修飾表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的名詞,而它們引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)卻不一定;又如why引導(dǎo)定語從句,它通常只修飾名詞the reason,而它引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)則不一定:

I have no idea when they will come. 我不知道他們什么時(shí)候來。(同位語從句)

Ill never forget the days when I lived there.. 我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我住在那兒的日子。(定語從句)

We dont understand the problem why this is the best choice. 我們不明白這個(gè)問題,為什么這是最好的選擇。

The reason why he didnt come to the meeting is that he is ill. 他未能來開會(huì),原因是他生病了。

1. Its none of your business . (engage)

瑪麗與誰訂婚不關(guān)你的事。

2. Despite the fact , he will never give up. (fail)

盡管他失敗了許多次,但是他是不會(huì)放棄的。

3. Finally,the workers got an answer . (raise)

最后,工人們得到的答復(fù)是政府不能做任何事來提高他們的工資。

4. Is there any possibility at the airport?(pick)

有沒有任何可能性你能到機(jī)場(chǎng)來接我?

1. who will engage to Mary

2. that he has failed for many times

3. that government could do nothing to raise their wages

4. that you could pick me upendprint

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