李 軍,白樹(shù)榮,林 露,安 虹,孫陽(yáng)陽(yáng),易曉波,劉英海,王軍平,粟永萍
小鼠腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞趨化和吞噬功能中SRC-3的作用研究
李 軍,白樹(shù)榮,林 露,安 虹,孫陽(yáng)陽(yáng),易曉波,劉英海,王軍平,粟永萍
目的 探討類(lèi)固醇受體輔活化子(SRC)-3蛋白在脂多糖誘導(dǎo)小鼠腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞趨化和吞噬功能中的作用。方法 健康SPF級(jí)雌性野生型(SRC-3+/+)小鼠、SRC-3基因敲除(SRC-3-/-)小鼠各5只,分別分離和原代培養(yǎng)腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞,并相應(yīng)分為SRC-3+/+組和SRC-3-/-組。收集并調(diào)整細(xì)胞濃度為1×106/ml,接種于6孔板,1 ml/孔,給予10 μg/ml LPS刺激,分別在刺激前(0 h)、刺激后4 h和12 h收集腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞。通過(guò)Western blot測(cè)定腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞Toll樣受體4(TLR4)的表達(dá),并通過(guò)transwell趨化實(shí)驗(yàn)和中性紅吞噬實(shí)驗(yàn),分別測(cè)定腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞的趨化指數(shù)(CI)和吞噬功能。結(jié)果 LPS誘導(dǎo)前兩組腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞TLR4的蛋白表達(dá)和CI差別無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,但SRC-3-/-組的吞噬功能顯著低于SRC-3+/+組(P<0.01);無(wú)論是SRC-3+/+組,還是SRC-3-/-組,LPS誘導(dǎo)4 h和12 h后,兩組腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞TLR4的表達(dá)和CI均顯著增高(P<0.01),但在相應(yīng)時(shí)間點(diǎn),SRC-3-/-組與SRC-3+/+組相比差別無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。LPS刺激4 h后,兩組吞噬功能均顯著增加(P<0.01),但SRC-3-/-組增加的程度顯著低于SRC-3+/+組(P<0.01);相反,LPS刺激12 h后,兩組吞噬功能均受到不同程度的抑制(P<0.05或P<0.01),且SRC-3-/-組較SRC-3+/+組抑制的程度更低(P<0.01)。結(jié)論 SRC-3調(diào)節(jié)腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞的先天性免疫功能可能與吞噬功能有關(guān),而與其趨化功能無(wú)關(guān)。
腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞;類(lèi)固醇受體輔活化子-3;Toll樣受體4;趨化;吞噬
巨噬細(xì)胞在天然免疫反應(yīng)中起重要作用,受到脂多糖(LPS)、病原體等刺激可以迅速被激活,一方面產(chǎn)生大量細(xì)胞因子,引起全身性炎癥反應(yīng)綜合征(systemic inflammatory response syndrome,SIRS)的發(fā)生發(fā)展,另一方面可通過(guò)趨化功能遷移到感染或受損部位,吞噬異物、清除自身衰老和凋亡細(xì)胞,從而發(fā)揮重要的細(xì)胞免疫作用。類(lèi)固醇受體輔活化子(steroid receptor coactivator,SRC)家族是核受體和一些轉(zhuǎn)錄因子的輔活化子。前期通過(guò)細(xì)菌負(fù)荷實(shí)驗(yàn),我們證實(shí)SRC-3在維持機(jī)體正常的天然免疫方面具有重要作用,其蛋白缺失可降低機(jī)體清除和降解細(xì)菌及產(chǎn)物的能力[1],并抑制LPS誘導(dǎo)的炎性細(xì)胞因子的分泌和釋放,精細(xì)地調(diào)節(jié)腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞的炎癥反應(yīng)功能[2-3]。為了進(jìn)一步闡明SRC-3在巨噬細(xì)胞免疫反應(yīng)中的作用,本研究利用SRC-3基因敲除(SRC-3-/-)小鼠,探討SRC-3蛋白缺失對(duì)腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞趨化和吞噬功能的影響。
1.1 主要儀器 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)超凈工作臺(tái);CO2細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱;Heraeus臺(tái)式低溫高速離心機(jī);Transwell 24孔培養(yǎng)板;Olympus倒置顯微鏡;Beckman DU640分光光度儀;Biorad半干轉(zhuǎn)印電泳儀;Biorad Gel Doc2000凝膠成像分析系統(tǒng)。
1.2 試劑 LPS(Sigma);RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)基(Gibco)、胎牛血清、Hank液(Hyclone)、M-PerTMMammalian Protein Extraction Reagent(Pierce);兔抗Toll樣受體4(Toll-like receptor 4,TLR4)多克隆抗體、兔抗GAPDH多克隆抗體(Santa Cruz);辣根酶標(biāo)記山羊抗兔IgG(H+L)、濃縮型DAB試劑盒(中杉);鼠源單核細(xì)胞趨化蛋白-1(MCP-1)(peprotech)。
1.3 方法
1.3.1 腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞分離培養(yǎng) 健康清潔SRC-3+/+小鼠、SRC-3-/-雌性小鼠(提取尾尖DNA,通過(guò)PCR方法鑒定[4])各5只(從美國(guó)休斯頓貝勒醫(yī)學(xué)院引進(jìn)),3月齡,參照文獻(xiàn)[2]方法分離腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞并接種于6孔板,置于37 ℃、5%CO2細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱中原代培養(yǎng)24 h待用。
1.3.2 腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞分組及處理 將原代培養(yǎng)腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞分為SRC-3+/+組和SRC-3-/-組,每只分別收集并計(jì)數(shù),調(diào)整細(xì)胞濃度為1×106/ml,接種于6孔板,1 ml/孔,無(wú)血清培養(yǎng)2 h后,每孔加入10 μg/ml LPS刺激。分別在LPS刺激前(0 h)、LPS刺激后4 h、12 h收集腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞。
1.3.3 Western blot檢測(cè)腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞TLR4表達(dá)水平 取收集的腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞,按M-PerTMMammalian Protein Extraction Reagent操作說(shuō)明提取總蛋白。Bradford法測(cè)定蛋白濃度,取40 μg蛋白行SDS-PAGE,并半干轉(zhuǎn)印至PVDF膜。PVDF膜在封閉液(0.5% BSA、0.01 mol/L PBS)內(nèi)4 ℃過(guò)夜。分別加入TLR4多克隆抗體(1∶300)、GAPDH多克隆抗體(1∶800),37 ℃孵育2 h,PBST洗膜5 min×3,再相應(yīng)加入辣根酶標(biāo)記山羊抗兔IgG(1∶400),37 ℃孵育1 h,PBST洗膜5 min×3,最后DAB試劑盒顯色。通過(guò)凝膠成像分析系統(tǒng)分析各條帶OD值×面積(Int×mm2),以TLR4與GAPDH的比值表示TLR4的相對(duì)表達(dá)量。
1.3.4 腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞趨化功能檢測(cè) 參照改良Boyden chamber法[5],向transwell趨化小室上室每孔加人100 μl細(xì)胞密度為1×106/ml的腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞懸液,下室加入RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)基580 μl和20 μl MCP-1,置5% CO2、37 ℃培養(yǎng)2 h,取出小室,吸棄上室內(nèi)細(xì)胞懸液,并擦凈上室膜上未遷移細(xì)胞,37 ℃預(yù)熱PBS清洗小室3次。顯微鏡下計(jì)數(shù)小室下表面的巨噬細(xì)胞數(shù),每個(gè)小室隨機(jī)取5個(gè)視野,趨化結(jié)果以高倍視野下(×400)的趨化指數(shù)(chemotactic index,CI)表示,代表下室面每個(gè)高倍視野的平均細(xì)胞數(shù)[6]。
1.3.5 腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞吞噬功能測(cè)定 參照文獻(xiàn)[7],用培養(yǎng)液調(diào)整LPS刺激前后的腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞至3×106/ml,0.1 ml/孔,孵育2 h,棄上清,每孔加0.72 g/L中性紅溶液100 μl,繼續(xù)孵育30 min,棄中性紅,0.01 M PBS洗4次,加入細(xì)胞裂解液200 μl,37 ℃過(guò)夜,檢測(cè)A540值,通過(guò)A540值大小來(lái)反映腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞吞噬能力的強(qiáng)弱。
2.1 LPS誘導(dǎo)腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞TLR4的表達(dá) 正常情況下,兩組腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞TLR4的蛋白表達(dá)差別無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);無(wú)論是SRC-3+/+組還是SRC-3-/-組,LPS誘導(dǎo)4 h和12 h后,兩組腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞TLR4的表達(dá)均顯著增高(P<0.01),但在相應(yīng)時(shí)間點(diǎn),SRC-3-/-組和SRC-3+/+組相比差別無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(圖1)。
圖1 腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞TLR4 Western blot檢測(cè)結(jié)果
1~3:分別表示SRC-3+/+組12 h、4 h、0 h;4~6:分別表示SRC-3-/-組0 h、4 h、12 h
2.2 腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞的趨化功能變化 正常情況下,SRC-3+/+組和SRC-3-/-組腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞的趨化指數(shù)的差別沒(méi)有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;LPS誘導(dǎo)4 h后,兩組腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞的趨化指數(shù)均顯著升高(P<0.01),12 h后均有所下降,但仍顯著高于LPS誘導(dǎo)前(P<0.01);在相應(yīng)時(shí)間點(diǎn),SRC-3-/-組和SRC-3+/+組相比差別無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。見(jiàn)圖2。
圖2 腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞的趨化指數(shù)
2.3 腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞的吞噬功能變化 LPS誘導(dǎo)前,SRC-3-/-組腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞的吞噬功能顯著低于SRC-3+/+組(P<0.01);LPS刺激早期(4 h),兩組腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞吞噬功能均顯著增加(P<0.01),但SRC-3-/-組增加的程度顯著低于SRC-3+/+組(P<0.01);LPS刺激12 h后,無(wú)論是SRC-3+/+組還是SRC-3-/-組,腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞的吞噬功能均受到不同程度的抑制(P<0.05或P<0.01),且SRC-3-/-組較SRC-3+/+組抑制的程度更低(P<0.01)。見(jiàn)表1。
表1 LPS誘導(dǎo)不同時(shí)間后腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞吞噬功能的變化(A540值,n=5)
注:與本組0 h相比,①P<0.05,②P<0.01;與同時(shí)間SRC-3+/+組相比,③P<0.01
巨噬細(xì)胞是機(jī)體免疫系統(tǒng)的重要細(xì)胞,既有吞噬異物的非特異性免疫功能,也可通過(guò)處理和遞呈抗原參與特異性免疫反應(yīng),在天然免疫和獲得性免疫反應(yīng)的始動(dòng)中具有關(guān)鍵性作用。探討SRC-3蛋白在腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞趨化和吞噬功能中的作用,闡明巨噬細(xì)胞活化及隨后免疫抑制的機(jī)理,對(duì)于嚴(yán)重創(chuàng)傷或感染的救治具有重要的臨床意義。
體內(nèi)腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞一般都處于靜止?fàn)顟B(tài),受到刺激后可以迅速被激活,產(chǎn)生大量的細(xì)胞因子,從而導(dǎo)致SIRS的發(fā)生發(fā)展。LPS是腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞激活的重要誘導(dǎo)劑, TLR4是介導(dǎo)LPS信號(hào)跨膜轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)的主要受體,LPS/TLR4/NF-κB信號(hào)通路是重要炎癥通路之一[8]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),LPS誘導(dǎo)4 h和12 h后,SRC-3+/+和SRC-3-/-腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞TLR4的蛋白表達(dá)均顯著增高,但正常情況和LPS刺激下表達(dá)無(wú)顯著差別,表明SRC-3可能并不參與TLR4的蛋白表達(dá),其與腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞的活化無(wú)關(guān)。前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn),SRC-3缺失可減輕LPS誘導(dǎo)的炎癥反應(yīng)[3],提示SRC-3調(diào)控LPS/TLR4/NF-κB信號(hào)通路,可能不在TLR4環(huán)節(jié),而可能在NF-κB水平[9]。
巨噬細(xì)胞遷移到感染或受損部位是細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)免疫反應(yīng)的一個(gè)重要部分,巨噬細(xì)胞的趨化功能反映了其遷移能力,是影響巨噬細(xì)胞在生理和病理情況下發(fā)揮功能的重要因素,對(duì)于細(xì)胞趨化功能的檢測(cè),其中最常用的方法是改良Boyden chamber法[10]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),SRC-3+/+和SRC-3-/-腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞的趨化功能在正常情況下沒(méi)有差別,LPS刺激4 h后顯著升高,12 h后逐漸恢復(fù),SRC-3-/-和SRC-3+/+腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞相比無(wú)顯著差別,表明SRC-3蛋白與腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞的趨化功能無(wú)關(guān),其蛋白缺失并不影響腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞的趨化能力。
吞噬殺菌活性是腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞最基木的功能,通過(guò)吞噬異物、清除自身衰老和凋亡細(xì)胞發(fā)揮重要的細(xì)胞免疫作用,對(duì)機(jī)體自身穩(wěn)態(tài)的平衡有著重要意義。采用中性紅吞噬實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞的吞噬功能,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)正常情況下SRC-3-/-腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞的吞噬功能顯著低于SRC-3+/+細(xì)胞;LPS刺激早期(4 h),兩種腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞吞噬功能均顯著增加,但SRC-3-/-細(xì)胞增加的程度顯著低于SRC-3+/+細(xì)胞;LPS刺激12 h后,腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞的吞噬功能受到顯著抑制,但SRC-3-/-細(xì)胞較SRC-3+/+細(xì)胞抑制的程度更低,表明SRC-3蛋白與腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞的吞噬功能有關(guān),這可能正是其蛋白缺失降低機(jī)體清除細(xì)菌能力的緣故[1,11]。SRC-3蛋白參與腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞的吞噬功能,是否還參與細(xì)菌及產(chǎn)物的處理與降解,目前還不清楚,這需要進(jìn)一步的實(shí)驗(yàn)以證實(shí)。
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Study on the role of steroid receptor coactivator-3 in chemotactic and phagocytic function of mouse peritoneal macrophages
Li Jun1,Bai Shurong1,Lin Lu1,An Hong1,Sun Yangyang1,Yi Xiaobo1,Liu Yinghai1,Wang Junping2,Su Yongping2
1.Department of Anesthesiology,General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command,Chengdu,Sichuan,610083,China;2.Combined Injury Institute of PLA/National Key Laboratory of Trauma,Burn,and Combined Injury,the Third Military Medical University,Chongqing,400038,China
Objective To investigate the effects of steroid receptor coactivator(SRC)-3 on the chemotactic and phagocytic function of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced mouse peritoneal macrophages(PMФ).Methods Healthy SPF-grade wild female type(SRC-3+/+)mice and SRC-3 gene knock-out(SRC-3-/-)mice were used in this study.Their PMФ were isolated and primary cultured,respectively.After the collection,the concentration of PMФ was adjusted to 1×106/ml.PMФ were cultured in 6 orifice plates with 1 ml/orifice and stimulated by 10 μg/ml LPS.Peritoneal macrophages were collected before the stimulation,4 h,and 12 h after the stimulation.The expressions of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)were determined by Western blot assay.The chemotactic index(CI)and phagocytic function of PMФ were examined through the Transwell chemotaxis assay and the phagocytosis of neutral red assay.Results Before LPS induction,there was no significant difference in the protein expression of TLR4 and CI between the two groups,but the phagocytic function in SRC-3-/-group was significantly poorer than that in SRC-3+/+group(P<0.01).The TLR4 expression level and the CI of PMФ in both groups significantly increased 4 and 12 h after the LPS induction(P<0.01),but there was no significant difference between the two groups at the corresponding time points.The phagocytic function of PMФ in both groups increased 4 h after the induction,but the increasing degree in the SRC-3-/-group was significantly lower than that in SRC-3+/+group(P<0.01).On the contrary,the phagocytic function in two groups were both inhibited at different degrees(P<0.05 orP<0.01)12 h after the LPS induction,but the inhibition degree in SRC-3-/-group was lower than that in SRC-3+/+group(P<0.01).Conclusion The innate immunity function of SRC-3 which regulates the peritoneal macrophages may be correlated with the phagocytic function but has no correlation with its chemotactic function.
peritoneal macrophages;steroid receptor coactivator-3;Toll-like receptor 4;chemotaxis;phagocytosis
成都軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院院管課題(2011YG-B09);研究型人才基金和創(chuàng)傷、燒傷與復(fù)合傷國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開(kāi)放基金(SKLKF200910)
610083 成都,成都軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院麻醉科(李 軍,白樹(shù)榮,林 露,安 虹,孫陽(yáng)陽(yáng),易曉波,劉英海);第三軍醫(yī)大學(xué)解放軍復(fù)合傷研究所,創(chuàng)傷、燒傷與復(fù)合傷國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室(王軍平,粟永萍)
粟永萍,E-mail:yongpingsutmmu@yahoo.cn
R 446.63
A
1004-0188(2014)02-0125-04
10.3969/j.issn.1004-0188.2014.02.004
2013-10-31)