尤朝忠 段龍龍
摘 要:在借助系統(tǒng)聚類法(HCA)重建成渝經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)門戶城市空間等級(jí)體系的基礎(chǔ)上,利用改進(jìn)空間引力模型和區(qū)位熵理論分別分析了成渝雙核大都市區(qū)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)8大門戶城市的空間輻射效應(yīng)和各城市的優(yōu)勢(shì)主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)分布態(tài)勢(shì)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):新時(shí)期成渝經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)門戶城市可劃分為以成都重慶雙核大都市區(qū)為帶動(dòng),以綿陽(yáng)自貢次級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)中心、5個(gè)區(qū)域性中心城市和一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)型城市攀枝花為支撐的四級(jí)空間等級(jí)體系,產(chǎn)業(yè)空間布局已經(jīng)具備成渝為雁首,綿陽(yáng)、自貢為“雁身”其余城市為雁尾的雁陣形態(tài),以傳統(tǒng)政策區(qū)為支撐的產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移機(jī)制應(yīng)逐步為經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)和城市群所取代;經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)承接次序應(yīng)由城市空間等級(jí)體系和空間引力輻射程度共同決定,電子信息、汽車與機(jī)械設(shè)備制造、建材冶金、食品飲料、能源化工和農(nóng)副食品加工六大制造業(yè)已各自形成成渝首位城市帶動(dòng)下的產(chǎn)業(yè)空間梯度轉(zhuǎn)移位序。
關(guān)鍵字:成渝經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū);門戶城市;產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移;優(yōu)勢(shì)制造業(yè)
中圖分類號(hào):F061.5 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
1 引言
門戶城市(Gateway City)這一概念最早由地理學(xué)家Retal提出,其功能為區(qū)域鏈接節(jié)點(diǎn)和對(duì)內(nèi)、對(duì)外都具有吸引力和輻射力的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系控制中心[1]。2011年通過(guò)的《成渝經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)區(qū)域規(guī)劃》使得成渝經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)成為名副其實(shí)上的中國(guó)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展第四極,亦成為國(guó)家新一輪西部大開發(fā)的“新引擎”。然而當(dāng)前成都與重慶雙核大都市區(qū)擴(kuò)張迅速、城市膨脹過(guò)快、城市蔓延問題突出,單一圈層攤大餅式城市形態(tài)導(dǎo)致區(qū)域發(fā)展極化,區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不平衡,城市承載壓力過(guò)大,亟需改變單一增長(zhǎng)極發(fā)展模式。為此,四川省于2013年2月出臺(tái)《關(guān)于實(shí)施多點(diǎn)多級(jí)支撐發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的指導(dǎo)意見》,旨在立足成渝經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)城鎮(zhèn)空間體系與城市等級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu),重構(gòu)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)版圖,構(gòu)建區(qū)域多中心發(fā)展形態(tài),通過(guò)雙核大都市區(qū)、城市群、區(qū)域性中心城市、門戶城市建設(shè)帶動(dòng)及輻射全域發(fā)展。本文根據(jù)四川省“十二五”規(guī)劃確定了重點(diǎn)培育的百萬(wàn)人口特大城市作為研究對(duì)象,它們分別為:綿陽(yáng)、達(dá)州、南充、宜賓、自貢、內(nèi)江、瀘州和攀枝花①。
區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論認(rèn)為:產(chǎn)業(yè)支撐是區(qū)域和城市發(fā)展的基石,門戶城市發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵是優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)業(yè)的持續(xù)擴(kuò)張和主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)化轉(zhuǎn)換,區(qū)域內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的核心是區(qū)域空間資源的整合和要素合理配置[2]。因成渝經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)內(nèi)各城市發(fā)展不均衡,所以須根據(jù)產(chǎn)業(yè)垂直分工和比較優(yōu)勢(shì)理論構(gòu)建經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)內(nèi)的產(chǎn)業(yè)空間梯度轉(zhuǎn)移機(jī)制和承接機(jī)制[3]。學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)此研究頗多,如任太增依據(jù)比較優(yōu)勢(shì)理論,設(shè)計(jì)出區(qū)域空間梯度產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移的決定因素體系,并強(qiáng)調(diào)彌補(bǔ)制度環(huán)境短板在加速區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)承接方面的重要性[4];范劍勇通過(guò)構(gòu)建地區(qū)專業(yè)化指數(shù)和對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)集中度指標(biāo)的計(jì)算證實(shí)了區(qū)域一體化進(jìn)程有效增強(qiáng)了制造業(yè)的空間轉(zhuǎn)移同時(shí)亦造成了地區(qū)差異性的形成[5];蔡昉等分析了中國(guó)東中西地區(qū)之間制造業(yè)的重新布局、升級(jí)、轉(zhuǎn)移與承接演化,指出我國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移恰好符合雁陣模型理論[6];賀燦飛等則認(rèn)為我國(guó)的產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移呈現(xiàn)出向市場(chǎng)潛力大和運(yùn)輸成本低的城市轉(zhuǎn)移趨勢(shì)[7];張鵬等通過(guò)分析框架的系統(tǒng)建立驗(yàn)證了政策、空間、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)及生態(tài)是推進(jìn)區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)空間結(jié)構(gòu)重組的五大動(dòng)力[8]。本研究在已有研究基礎(chǔ)上通過(guò)系統(tǒng)聚類、改進(jìn)空間引力模型和區(qū)位熵等理論分析成渝經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)8大門戶城市空間等級(jí)重構(gòu)下的優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)業(yè)空間梯度轉(zhuǎn)移演化過(guò)程,并對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)內(nèi)今后一段時(shí)期的產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移次序和空間方向給出預(yù)測(cè),最后提出加快實(shí)施產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移戰(zhàn)略的政策建議。
2 研究方法與設(shè)計(jì)
2.1 設(shè)定經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力綜合測(cè)定指標(biāo)體系
城市經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力一般受政策、社會(huì)、制度和生態(tài)等因素的多重影響,不同的學(xué)者對(duì)城市經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力內(nèi)涵有不同的理解,所選取的指標(biāo)體系和側(cè)重點(diǎn)便有所差異[8]。本研究立足經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展視角,在指標(biāo)設(shè)計(jì)上以中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院發(fā)布的《中國(guó)城市綜合競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力報(bào)告2013》中所使用的指標(biāo)體系為依據(jù),同時(shí)遵循系統(tǒng)性、可操作性、可比性、靜態(tài)與動(dòng)態(tài)相結(jié)合等測(cè)算原則,重構(gòu)測(cè)度成渝經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)門戶城市經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的指標(biāo)體系[9]。
研究所使用的指標(biāo)體系包括目標(biāo)層,準(zhǔn)則層和指標(biāo)層三個(gè)維度。其中目標(biāo)層為所測(cè)量的城市經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力指數(shù)Y,表示城市發(fā)展的整體經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力水平。準(zhǔn)則層包括經(jīng)濟(jì)總量水平Z1、產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展與結(jié)構(gòu)Z2、公共設(shè)施(服務(wù))供給能力Z3和生態(tài)承載能力Z4四個(gè)維度(表1),其中經(jīng)濟(jì)總量水平衡量目標(biāo)城市經(jīng)濟(jì)一定時(shí)期內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展規(guī)模;產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展與結(jié)構(gòu)表示目標(biāo)城市優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)業(yè)及主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì);公共設(shè)施(服務(wù))供給能力反映目標(biāo)城市公共設(shè)施及服務(wù)建設(shè)和支出情況;生態(tài)承載能力體現(xiàn)目標(biāo)城市自然生態(tài)環(huán)境支撐城市經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的潛力。另外在準(zhǔn)則層之下包含15個(gè)子指標(biāo)設(shè)立指標(biāo)層X,數(shù)據(jù)若無(wú)特殊說(shuō)明均來(lái)自《四川省統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒(2013)》、《重慶統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒(2013)》、《中國(guó)統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒(2013)》等。
2.2 基于改進(jìn)空間引力模型的空間輻射效應(yīng)測(cè)算
2.2.1 傳統(tǒng)空間引力模型的改進(jìn)
交通運(yùn)輸設(shè)施的改善和信息外溢,使各種資源在城市空間分布上表現(xiàn)出很強(qiáng)的階段性與區(qū)域性。要素呈現(xiàn)空間矢量流動(dòng)規(guī)律。因此,在分析一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)內(nèi)多城市間的空間引力時(shí),為使研究具有科學(xué)性和可行性,一般給予假定和約束條件。為此本研究作如下假設(shè):第一,城市系統(tǒng)處于封閉狀態(tài)[10]。假設(shè)成渝經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)為一個(gè)封閉的系統(tǒng),分析區(qū)內(nèi)門戶城市空間引力格局,忽略區(qū)外典型中心城市對(duì)成渝經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)的影響。第二,城市間產(chǎn)業(yè)呈梯度流動(dòng)。根據(jù)前文系統(tǒng)聚類分析的結(jié)果,研究假定產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移呈線性單向流動(dòng),即由高等級(jí)城市流向低等級(jí)城市。同時(shí),同等級(jí)城市間產(chǎn)業(yè)及要素轉(zhuǎn)移則呈線性雙向流動(dòng),使城市關(guān)系變得簡(jiǎn)單清晰。
3.2 成渝經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)門戶城市空間輻射引力排序
成都和重慶作為成渝經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)兩個(gè)超大型中心城市,其工業(yè)總量和人口規(guī)模遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于其他8個(gè)門戶城市,所以本研究只考慮雙核都市區(qū)的制造業(yè)主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)沿線性單向的途徑輻射到低級(jí)門戶城市。此外,為了更好地探求各門戶城市之間制造業(yè)主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)的空間轉(zhuǎn)移與承接,或者雙核都市區(qū)的制造業(yè)主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)向各門戶城市單向輻射的具體情況,研究將測(cè)算的引力值范圍界定為以下三類:T>10,屬于空間引力強(qiáng)輻射;1≤T≤10,屬于空間引力漫輻射;T<1,屬于空間引力弱輻射。成渝經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)10個(gè)城市兩兩之間的空間引力計(jì)算如下(表4)。
若成渝雙核都市區(qū)對(duì)目標(biāo)門戶城市的空間引力屬于一、二類并存,則此門戶城市只作產(chǎn)業(yè)線性偏向承接考慮;若目標(biāo)門戶城市之間的空間引力同屬于二類,則此兩城市間產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移作線性雙向探討;若雙核都市區(qū)對(duì)目標(biāo)門戶城市的空間引力中有一方屬于三類(輻射引力過(guò)?。瑒t引力值為三類的兩城市間將不作產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移與承接討論。雙核都市區(qū)對(duì)目標(biāo)門戶城市的引力排序如下(見表5)。
結(jié)合表4、表5和上文界定的規(guī)則,綿陽(yáng)呈線性偏向承接成都的產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移方式;達(dá)州、南充、瀘州則呈線性偏向承接重慶的產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移態(tài)勢(shì)。此外,自貢與內(nèi)江、自貢與宜賓、瀘州與內(nèi)江、瀘州與宜賓、南充與內(nèi)江等兩兩門戶城市間將表現(xiàn)為線性雙向的產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移模式。誠(chéng)然,攀枝花不僅與成都、重慶的空間引力值均小于1,而且與其他門戶城市同樣如此,再加上其又不在成渝經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)區(qū)域規(guī)劃的范圍內(nèi),所以下文做產(chǎn)業(yè)梯度空間轉(zhuǎn)移研究時(shí),不予考慮。
3.3 成渝雙核基準(zhǔn)下門戶城市優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)業(yè)空間梯度轉(zhuǎn)移位序
考慮到成渝經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)成渝雙核都市區(qū)的首位度和經(jīng)濟(jì)總量水平,其內(nèi)部產(chǎn)業(yè)布局和產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展程度必然遠(yuǎn)優(yōu)于其他7大門戶城市,因此可將成渝自身的優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)業(yè)作為向其他7大門戶城市轉(zhuǎn)移的初始基準(zhǔn)。產(chǎn)業(yè)空間梯度轉(zhuǎn)移的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)包括兩個(gè)方面:其一,城市間產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移應(yīng)符合城市空間等級(jí)體系約束,即低等級(jí)城市單向承接高等級(jí)城市的產(chǎn)業(yè)。其二,城市間產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移的位序根據(jù)空間引力大小確定,即空間引力較高的城市優(yōu)先承接對(duì)方產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移。在同時(shí)滿足上述兩個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的條件下,根據(jù)成渝雙核都市區(qū)位熵計(jì)算結(jié)果及其他7個(gè)門戶城市“十二五”規(guī)劃強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)培育主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)情況確定了6大制造業(yè)作為產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移與承接的研究對(duì)象。產(chǎn)業(yè)空間梯度轉(zhuǎn)移位序結(jié)果如下(見表6)。
根據(jù)分析結(jié)果易知:電子信息、汽車及機(jī)械設(shè)備制造、建材冶金、食品飲料、能源化工、農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品加工成為成渝經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)門戶城市共有的6大優(yōu)勢(shì)制造業(yè),其中成都重慶作為雙核都市區(qū),經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平超前、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)更為高度化,適宜作為6大制造業(yè)區(qū)內(nèi)梯度轉(zhuǎn)移的起始基準(zhǔn),綿陽(yáng)作為成都單向承接且在電子信息、汽車機(jī)械制造、建材、食品飲料和能源化工等產(chǎn)業(yè)上擁有僅次于成都的產(chǎn)業(yè)比較優(yōu)勢(shì),因而可作為承接上述產(chǎn)業(yè)的第二位序城市;自貢在城市等級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)上與綿陽(yáng)并列,但產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)勢(shì)度不如綿陽(yáng),宜作為第三承接位序城市,另外自貢在農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品加工業(yè)較經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)內(nèi)其他門戶城市更有優(yōu)勢(shì),可作為承接重慶方面產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移首選;南充、內(nèi)江、瀘州、宜賓、達(dá)州則分別根據(jù)其6大優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)業(yè)與成渝雙核都市區(qū)之間的空間引力程度依次排序。
4 結(jié)論與政策建議
文章以六大制造業(yè)為例借助系統(tǒng)聚類分析、改進(jìn)空間引力模型和區(qū)位熵理論等分析了成渝經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)雙核基準(zhǔn)下的門戶城市產(chǎn)業(yè)空間剃度轉(zhuǎn)移方向和位序趨勢(shì),得出以下結(jié)論:①目前成渝經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)雙核輻射下的門戶城市已經(jīng)形成四級(jí)等級(jí)體系,除攀枝花功能為轉(zhuǎn)型性門戶城市外,其他門戶城市制造業(yè)空間布局已經(jīng)形成以成渝雙核為“雁頭”,綿陽(yáng)、自貢為“雁身”,其余門戶城市為“雁尾”的雙領(lǐng)頭雁陣態(tài)勢(shì)。②改進(jìn)空間引力模型分析結(jié)果表明:成渝經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)雙核的空間引力輻射已打破傳統(tǒng)的行政區(qū)界限(如重慶對(duì)南充、達(dá)州、瀘州輻射的空間引力值就很高,已然高于成都對(duì)這3個(gè)城市的空間引力值),而且在一定的條件下,在大都市或區(qū)域型中心城市的空間引力輻射范圍內(nèi),可形成新的經(jīng)濟(jì)圈或城市群。然而,攀枝花受成渝雙核的引力輻射太小,其產(chǎn)業(yè)空間布局可劃歸到川滇經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)來(lái)考慮。③在城市空間等級(jí)體系和空間引力輻射的共同作用下,成渝經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)6大主導(dǎo)培育產(chǎn)業(yè)的承接位序已經(jīng)符合新時(shí)期、新形勢(shì)下的產(chǎn)業(yè)空間梯度轉(zhuǎn)移條件,分別形成以電子信息、汽車及機(jī)械設(shè)備制造、建材冶金、食品飲料、能源化工、農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品加工業(yè)為代表的差異化經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)門戶城市優(yōu)勢(shì)制造業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)空間梯度承接位序。
針對(duì)上述研究結(jié)論,研究提出以下政策建議:①就經(jīng)濟(jì)總產(chǎn)值、就業(yè)吸納能力、人口規(guī)模和城市承載能力而言,成都和重慶無(wú)疑是這一經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)內(nèi)的首位城市,其空間引力能夠輻射到整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū),其他次級(jí)城市和節(jié)點(diǎn)城市應(yīng)主動(dòng)接受成渝雙核增長(zhǎng)級(jí)的輻射帶動(dòng),按照空間引力選擇符合自身比較優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)業(yè)主動(dòng)進(jìn)行產(chǎn)業(yè)承接,如南充、達(dá)州、瀘州等城市承接來(lái)自重慶的產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移較成都更有效率。②雖然8大門戶城市隸屬于四川行政區(qū),但下一步城市經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展方向在于組建專業(yè)化分工的區(qū)域大市場(chǎng),因此突破現(xiàn)行行政區(qū)界限進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)內(nèi)資源要素重組成為市場(chǎng)化條件下經(jīng)濟(jì)圈城市群發(fā)育的客觀要求,因而下一步改革的重點(diǎn)在于破除勞動(dòng)力和資本要素的區(qū)域分割,當(dāng)前針對(duì)勞動(dòng)力城鄉(xiāng)轉(zhuǎn)移和跨域轉(zhuǎn)移的配套改革已經(jīng)啟動(dòng),但資本跨域流動(dòng)的機(jī)制尚未建立,因而必須深化區(qū)域合作,弱化地方保護(hù)主義,以達(dá)到成渝經(jīng)濟(jì)共同攀升為目標(biāo)。
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[14] 賀燦飛,潘峰華.產(chǎn)業(yè)地理集中、產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚與產(chǎn)業(yè)集群:測(cè)量與辨識(shí)[J].地理科學(xué)進(jìn)展,2007(3):2-7.
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[17] Zachary P. Neal,F(xiàn)rom Central Places to Network Bases: A Transition in the U.S. Urban Hierarchy, 1900–2000[J]. CITY & COMMUNITY,2011 10(1):49-70.
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[20] 曹衛(wèi)東,朱勝清,等.基于比例性偏離份額模型的區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)分析[J].經(jīng)濟(jì)地理,2013(2):40-44.
Abstract: Baced on reconstructing urban space hierarchy of the gateway cities in Chengdu-chongqing Economic Zone with system clustering method(HCA), and using improved gravity model to analyze the Chengdu-chongqing dual-core metropolitan area space radiation effect on eight gateway cities in economic zone and applying the theory of location entropy respectively advantage of leading industry distribution situation of the gateway cities, the study found that: gateway cities of Chengdu-chongqing economic zone in the new period can be divided into that regarding dual-core metropolitan area, namely Chengdu and Chongqing as the drive, and Mianyang and Zigong as secondary economic center, and five regional central cities and a transformation city(Panzhihua) as a support level 4 space hierarchy. Industrial spatial layout has formed in a shape that Chengdu and Chongqing expressway for the wild goose first, Mianyang, Zigong for "wild goose", and the rest of the cities for the wild goose tail. Industrial transfer mechanism supported by traditional policy area should be gradually replaced with economic zones and cities; Industry undertake order in economic zone should be determined by city space hierarchy and space gravitational radiation degree. Six big advantage leading manufacturing, such as electronic information, automobile and machinery equipment manufacturing, building materials and metallurgy, food and beverage, energy and chemical industry and agricultural food processing, have formed in industrial spatial gradient transfer order led by Chengdu-chongqing which are first city in economic zone.
Key words: Chengdu-chongqing Economic Zone; gateway city; industrial transfer; manufacturing
[6] 蔡昉,王德文,等. 中國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)的大國(guó)雁陣模型分析[J]. 經(jīng)濟(jì)研究,2009(09):4-13.
[7] 李燕,賀燦飛. 1998—2009年珠江三角洲制造業(yè)空間轉(zhuǎn)移特征及其機(jī)制[J]. 地理科學(xué)進(jìn)展,2013(05):777-787.
[8] 張鵬,楊青山,等. 長(zhǎng)吉一體化區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)空間結(jié)構(gòu)的重組動(dòng)力和優(yōu)化[J]. 經(jīng)濟(jì)地理,2013(4):94-100.
[9] 倪鵬飛,等.中國(guó)城市競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力報(bào)告No.11:新基準(zhǔn):建設(shè)可持續(xù)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力理想城市[M]. 北京:社會(huì)科學(xué)文獻(xiàn)出版社,2013:13-25.
[10] 方創(chuàng)琳,張小雷 西隴海蘭新經(jīng)濟(jì)帶節(jié)點(diǎn)城市的發(fā)展方向與產(chǎn)業(yè)分工[J].地理研究,2003(7):456-459.
[11] 朱道才,陸林,等. 基于引力模型的安徽城市空間格局研究[J]. 地理科學(xué),2011(5):551-555.
[12] 郭源園,胡守庚,等. 基于改進(jìn)城市引力模型的湖南省經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)空間格局演變研究[J].經(jīng)濟(jì)地理 2012(12):67-72.
[13] 董春,張玉,等.基于交通系統(tǒng)可達(dá)性的城市空間相互作用模型重構(gòu)方法研究[J].世界地理研究,2013(2):34-42.
[14] 賀燦飛,潘峰華.產(chǎn)業(yè)地理集中、產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚與產(chǎn)業(yè)集群:測(cè)量與辨識(shí)[J].地理科學(xué)進(jìn)展,2007(3):2-7.
[15] 樊福卓.地區(qū)專業(yè)化的度量[J].經(jīng)濟(jì)研究,2007(9):71-75.
[16] 劉新爭(zhēng).比較優(yōu)勢(shì)、勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)與產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移[J].經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家,2012(2):45-50.
[17] Zachary P. Neal,F(xiàn)rom Central Places to Network Bases: A Transition in the U.S. Urban Hierarchy, 1900–2000[J]. CITY & COMMUNITY,2011 10(1):49-70.
[18] Ilya C Daniel B,Multiple pathways to global city formation: A functional approach and review of recent evidence in China[J]. Cities 2013(35): 181–189.
[19] Deborah B, Tang Xiao-Yang. Economic statecraft in Chinas new overseas special economic zones: soft-power, business or resource security?[J]. International Affairs 2012,88(4): 799–816.
[20] 曹衛(wèi)東,朱勝清,等.基于比例性偏離份額模型的區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)分析[J].經(jīng)濟(jì)地理,2013(2):40-44.
Abstract: Baced on reconstructing urban space hierarchy of the gateway cities in Chengdu-chongqing Economic Zone with system clustering method(HCA), and using improved gravity model to analyze the Chengdu-chongqing dual-core metropolitan area space radiation effect on eight gateway cities in economic zone and applying the theory of location entropy respectively advantage of leading industry distribution situation of the gateway cities, the study found that: gateway cities of Chengdu-chongqing economic zone in the new period can be divided into that regarding dual-core metropolitan area, namely Chengdu and Chongqing as the drive, and Mianyang and Zigong as secondary economic center, and five regional central cities and a transformation city(Panzhihua) as a support level 4 space hierarchy. Industrial spatial layout has formed in a shape that Chengdu and Chongqing expressway for the wild goose first, Mianyang, Zigong for "wild goose", and the rest of the cities for the wild goose tail. Industrial transfer mechanism supported by traditional policy area should be gradually replaced with economic zones and cities; Industry undertake order in economic zone should be determined by city space hierarchy and space gravitational radiation degree. Six big advantage leading manufacturing, such as electronic information, automobile and machinery equipment manufacturing, building materials and metallurgy, food and beverage, energy and chemical industry and agricultural food processing, have formed in industrial spatial gradient transfer order led by Chengdu-chongqing which are first city in economic zone.
Key words: Chengdu-chongqing Economic Zone; gateway city; industrial transfer; manufacturing
[6] 蔡昉,王德文,等. 中國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)的大國(guó)雁陣模型分析[J]. 經(jīng)濟(jì)研究,2009(09):4-13.
[7] 李燕,賀燦飛. 1998—2009年珠江三角洲制造業(yè)空間轉(zhuǎn)移特征及其機(jī)制[J]. 地理科學(xué)進(jìn)展,2013(05):777-787.
[8] 張鵬,楊青山,等. 長(zhǎng)吉一體化區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)空間結(jié)構(gòu)的重組動(dòng)力和優(yōu)化[J]. 經(jīng)濟(jì)地理,2013(4):94-100.
[9] 倪鵬飛,等.中國(guó)城市競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力報(bào)告No.11:新基準(zhǔn):建設(shè)可持續(xù)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力理想城市[M]. 北京:社會(huì)科學(xué)文獻(xiàn)出版社,2013:13-25.
[10] 方創(chuàng)琳,張小雷 西隴海蘭新經(jīng)濟(jì)帶節(jié)點(diǎn)城市的發(fā)展方向與產(chǎn)業(yè)分工[J].地理研究,2003(7):456-459.
[11] 朱道才,陸林,等. 基于引力模型的安徽城市空間格局研究[J]. 地理科學(xué),2011(5):551-555.
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Abstract: Baced on reconstructing urban space hierarchy of the gateway cities in Chengdu-chongqing Economic Zone with system clustering method(HCA), and using improved gravity model to analyze the Chengdu-chongqing dual-core metropolitan area space radiation effect on eight gateway cities in economic zone and applying the theory of location entropy respectively advantage of leading industry distribution situation of the gateway cities, the study found that: gateway cities of Chengdu-chongqing economic zone in the new period can be divided into that regarding dual-core metropolitan area, namely Chengdu and Chongqing as the drive, and Mianyang and Zigong as secondary economic center, and five regional central cities and a transformation city(Panzhihua) as a support level 4 space hierarchy. Industrial spatial layout has formed in a shape that Chengdu and Chongqing expressway for the wild goose first, Mianyang, Zigong for "wild goose", and the rest of the cities for the wild goose tail. Industrial transfer mechanism supported by traditional policy area should be gradually replaced with economic zones and cities; Industry undertake order in economic zone should be determined by city space hierarchy and space gravitational radiation degree. Six big advantage leading manufacturing, such as electronic information, automobile and machinery equipment manufacturing, building materials and metallurgy, food and beverage, energy and chemical industry and agricultural food processing, have formed in industrial spatial gradient transfer order led by Chengdu-chongqing which are first city in economic zone.
Key words: Chengdu-chongqing Economic Zone; gateway city; industrial transfer; manufacturing