左 靜 劉 亮 趙 敏 左連富
SRF在胃癌細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)及其意義*
左 靜①劉 亮②趙 敏②左連富②
目的:研究胃癌細(xì)胞中血清應(yīng)答因子(serum response factor,SRF)的表達(dá)水平,探討SRF的表達(dá)與胃癌發(fā)生、發(fā)展關(guān)系。方法:利用RNAi技術(shù)沉默胃癌SGC-7901細(xì)胞SRF基因,熒光顯微鏡檢測轉(zhuǎn)染效率,CCK-8法檢測細(xì)胞增殖情況,Real-time PCR法檢測SRF基因表達(dá)水平,Western blot法檢測SRF蛋白表達(dá)水平,流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測細(xì)胞周期。結(jié)果:RNAi技術(shù)沉默胃癌SGC-7901細(xì)胞SRF基因后SRF蛋白下調(diào)為空白對照組的40.1%,有顯著性差異(P<0.05)。與空白對照組及陰性對照組相比,siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染組細(xì)胞增殖明顯受抑制,抑制率為64.24%,周期阻滯于G0/G1期(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:SRF在胃癌細(xì)胞中表達(dá)可促進(jìn)胃癌細(xì)胞增殖,以此促進(jìn)胃癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展。SRF很可能是胃癌防治的一個(gè)重要靶點(diǎn)。
胃癌 血清應(yīng)答因子 流式細(xì)胞術(shù)
胃癌是常見的惡性腫瘤之一,其預(yù)后差,嚴(yán)重威脅了人們健康。因此胃癌的早期診斷及治療一直是胃腸道腫瘤防治的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)問題。胃癌細(xì)胞中血清應(yīng)答因子(serum response factor,SRF)是一個(gè)重要的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,調(diào)控涉及細(xì)胞增殖、遷移、分化、血管發(fā)生和凋亡等多方面。最近研究[1-2]發(fā)現(xiàn)其在肝癌、大腸癌等組織中高表達(dá),可能參與腫瘤發(fā)生及發(fā)展。本研究利用RNAi技術(shù)沉默胃癌SGC-7901細(xì)胞SRF基因,從而探討SRF與胃癌發(fā)生及發(fā)展的關(guān)系,為臨床上胃癌早期診斷和治療提供靶點(diǎn)。
主要試劑、儀器及細(xì)胞株:SRF(sc-335)抗體購自美國Santa Cruz公司;SABC免疫組織化學(xué)染色試劑盒購自武漢博士德公司;siRNA購自上海吉瑪制藥技術(shù)有限公司;RNAi-Mate轉(zhuǎn)染試劑購自上海吉瑪制藥技術(shù)有限公司;Epics XLⅡ型流式細(xì)胞儀購自美國Beckman Coulter公司。SGC-7901胃癌細(xì)胞株購自中國科學(xué)院上海細(xì)胞庫。
1.2.1 siRNA的設(shè)計(jì)與轉(zhuǎn)染 根據(jù)SRF的mRNA序列,由上海吉瑪制藥技術(shù)有限公司設(shè)計(jì)并制作相應(yīng)的4條siRNA,各組基因序列見表1,常規(guī)細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染??瞻讓φ战M:未經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)染(不加入siRNA和轉(zhuǎn)染劑)。轉(zhuǎn)染組:加入針對SRF的siRNA及轉(zhuǎn)染劑siRNA-Mate。轉(zhuǎn)染對照組:僅加入與轉(zhuǎn)染組等劑量的轉(zhuǎn)染劑siRNA-Mate。陰性對照組:加入針對陰性對照的siRNA及轉(zhuǎn)染劑siRNA-Mate。
1.2.2 Real-time PCR法檢測mRNA的含量 常規(guī)Trizol提取細(xì)胞RNA,按照M-MLV逆轉(zhuǎn)錄酶試劑盒說明書進(jìn)行cDNA的合成,常規(guī)Real-time PCR法進(jìn)行基因合成,GAPDH作為內(nèi)參。以標(biāo)本擴(kuò)增的CT值和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線得出各組所檢目的基因SRF mRNA的相對拷貝數(shù),將各檢測基因與內(nèi)參基因GAPDH相對拷貝數(shù)比較,對比值進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理,并計(jì)算沉默效率(沉默效率=1-實(shí)驗(yàn)組比值/空白對照組比值×100%)。
1.2.3 CCK-8法檢測增殖情況 將常規(guī)培養(yǎng)的細(xì)胞株制成細(xì)胞懸液,加入96孔培養(yǎng)板中,1×104/孔,37℃培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)至次融合,同步化24 h,按照實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)分組,10孔/組;依照前述方法轉(zhuǎn)染siRNA,37℃培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)48 h,加入10 μL/孔CCK-8,37℃培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)3 h,用酶標(biāo)儀測定450 nm吸光度值,并計(jì)算抑制率(抑制率=1-實(shí)驗(yàn)組OD值/空白對照組OD值×100%)。
1.2.4 Western blot法檢測SRF蛋白的表達(dá) 取生長狀態(tài)良好,處于對數(shù)生長期的細(xì)胞,冷PBS洗滌2次,使用RIPA試劑常規(guī)方法提取細(xì)胞蛋白。常規(guī)Western blot法檢測細(xì)胞中SRF蛋白的表達(dá),β-actin為內(nèi)參照。對條帶進(jìn)行掃描,經(jīng)Image J v2.1.4.7圖像分析軟件測量條帶的OD值,各組目的蛋白經(jīng)內(nèi)參平衡(目的蛋白OD值/內(nèi)參蛋白OD值)后,采用與對照組的比值作為該蛋白的相對表達(dá)量。
1.2.5 流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測細(xì)胞周期 細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后,常規(guī)胰酶消化,PBS洗2次,制備單細(xì)胞懸液,調(diào)整細(xì)胞密度至1×106/mL。用70%酒精4℃固定過夜,離心棄上清,PBS漂洗3次。加入400 μL PI染液,避光染色30 min。流式細(xì)胞儀檢測,MultiCycle軟件分析細(xì)胞周期比例。
采用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理。計(jì)量資料以±s表示,各組間采用方差分析,進(jìn)一步兩兩比較采用LSD法,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
轉(zhuǎn)染帶熒光標(biāo)記的siRNA經(jīng)熒光顯微鏡觀察,80%以上的細(xì)胞表達(dá)綠色熒光(圖1),轉(zhuǎn)染效率約80%。
Real-time PCR檢測結(jié)果顯示,對胃癌SGC-7901細(xì)胞株給予siRNA-SRF干擾后,4條siRNA均能下調(diào)SRF mRNA的表達(dá),對照組siRNA-SRF-900、siRNA-SRF-901、siRNA-SRF-1107、siRNA-SRF-1649分別為56.4%、36.4%、25.0%、53.6%,相應(yīng)的沉默效率分別為43.6%、63.6%、75.0%、46.3%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=66.042,P<0.05)。轉(zhuǎn)染對照組、陰性對照組表達(dá)水平分別為94.5%、93.7%,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),其中siRNA-SRF-1107基因沉默效率最高(75.0%)。因此選用siRNA-SRF-1107進(jìn)行后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。
Western blot檢測顯示(圖2),予以siRNA-SRF-1107干擾后,轉(zhuǎn)染組的SRF表達(dá)水平明顯下調(diào)(40.1%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=142.735,P<0.05)。而轉(zhuǎn)染對照組和陰性對照組表達(dá)水平與空白對照組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
表1 同組別小干擾RNA基因序列Table 1 Gene sequences of siRNA in various experiment groups
圖1 熒光顯微鏡檢測siRNA-SRF轉(zhuǎn)染效率Figure 1 Transfection efficiency detected by fluorescence microscope
圖2 Western blot法檢測SRF蛋白表達(dá)Figure 2 SRF expression measured by Western blot
轉(zhuǎn)染48 h以后,空白對照組、轉(zhuǎn)染組、陰性對照組和轉(zhuǎn)染對照組的OD值分別為1.784±0.326、0.638±0.170、1.738±0.261和1.663±0.141。轉(zhuǎn)染入siRNA-SRF-1107后,SGC-7901細(xì)胞株增殖明顯受限,抑制率為64.24%,與空白對照組相比,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。陰性對照組和轉(zhuǎn)染對照組與空白對照組比較,細(xì)胞增殖抑制率分別為2.58%和6.78%,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后,流式細(xì)胞儀檢測空白對照組、轉(zhuǎn)染組、陰性對照組和轉(zhuǎn)染對照組細(xì)胞周期(表2,圖3)??瞻讓φ战M、陰性對照組和轉(zhuǎn)染對照組在G0/G1、S、G2/M期百分比方面差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。而轉(zhuǎn)染siRNA-SRF-1107后,SGC-7901細(xì)胞株G0/G1期百分比明顯增加(P<0.05),提示其被阻滯于G0/G1期。
表2 siRNA-SRF對SGC-7901細(xì)胞周期影響 (±s,n=3)Table 2 Effect of siRNA-SRF on the cell cycle of SGC-7901 cells(±s,n=3)
表2 siRNA-SRF對SGC-7901細(xì)胞周期影響 (±s,n=3)Table 2 Effect of siRNA-SRF on the cell cycle of SGC-7901 cells(±s,n=3)
*:Compared with the blank control,P<0.05
S G0/G1 41.13±6.27 56.35±1.38*41.71±4.56 47.9±6.56 5.729 44.72±0.60 23.90±1.94*43.73±1.41 43.24±2.97 80.883 G2/M 14.15±6.17 19.75±2.27 14.56±5.87 8.86±6.60 2.618 Groups Blank control siRNA-SRF-1107 Mock transfection Negative control F
圖3 siRNA-SRF對SGC-7901細(xì)胞周期影響Figure 3 Effect of siRNA-SRF on cell cycle of SGC-7901 cells
胃癌是最常見的消化道腫瘤之一,其發(fā)病率及病死率高[3-5]。且早期診斷困難,缺乏合理評(píng)估預(yù)后和治療效果的分子生物學(xué)指標(biāo),因此對胃癌發(fā)生、發(fā)展機(jī)制的研究,尤其是特異性分子生物學(xué)指標(biāo)的尋找,一直是臨床關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)問題之一。
SRF屬于MADS盒家族的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子[6],最近研究發(fā)現(xiàn)其在肝癌、大腸癌、甲狀腺癌等組織中高表達(dá)[7-9],可能參與腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展及侵襲、轉(zhuǎn)移。關(guān)于SRF與胃癌發(fā)生、發(fā)展關(guān)系的研究目前鮮見報(bào)道。本實(shí)驗(yàn)主要探討SRF與胃癌發(fā)生及發(fā)展關(guān)系,為臨床上胃癌的早期診斷及治療提供靶點(diǎn),采用RNAi技術(shù)沉默胃癌SGC-7901細(xì)胞株SRF基因,Western blot結(jié)果顯示轉(zhuǎn)染組SRF蛋白表達(dá)水平顯著降低。應(yīng)用針對SRF的siRNA能夠顯著下調(diào)胃癌SGC-7901細(xì)胞株中SRF mRNA和蛋白水平的表達(dá)。
作為轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,SRF在調(diào)控細(xì)胞分化和細(xì)胞周期進(jìn)程方面發(fā)揮著重要作用。有研究[1-2,10]表明在肝癌細(xì)胞株,采用過表達(dá)技術(shù)上調(diào)SRF的表達(dá),能夠使細(xì)胞獲得間質(zhì)細(xì)胞表型,促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞的遷移和侵襲。而使用RNAi技術(shù)沉默SRF則引起相反效應(yīng),細(xì)胞增殖受抑。有研究[11-14]表明SRF是促進(jìn)細(xì)胞增殖的間接調(diào)控因子,而在不同類型或不同來源細(xì)胞中,SRF對增殖調(diào)控作用不盡相同,在心血管、骨骼肌和平滑肌來源細(xì)胞中SRF mRNA表達(dá)的上調(diào)多提示SRF具有促進(jìn)分化和增殖的效應(yīng)[15]。本研究選擇沉默效果最高的siRNA-SRF-1107,有效下調(diào)SRF在胃癌SGC-7901細(xì)胞株mRNA和蛋白的表達(dá)水平。利用CCK-8法檢測細(xì)胞增殖情況,發(fā)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)染組細(xì)胞增殖明顯受抑,而陰性對照組和轉(zhuǎn)染對照組對細(xì)胞增殖無影響,進(jìn)一步提示設(shè)計(jì)的siRNA特異性和靶向性強(qiáng),采用的脂質(zhì)體轉(zhuǎn)染法對細(xì)胞增殖無影響。同時(shí)使用流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測細(xì)胞周期,發(fā)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)染組細(xì)胞被阻滯在G0/G1期,提示SRF可能調(diào)控SGC-7901細(xì)胞周期,與胃癌細(xì)胞增殖密切相關(guān)。
綜上所述,SRF可以通過調(diào)控細(xì)胞周期從而促進(jìn)胃癌發(fā)生及發(fā)展,采用RNAi技術(shù)沉默SRF基因能夠使胃癌SGC-7901細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生周期阻滯作用,使細(xì)胞周期阻滯在G0/G1期,抑制胃癌SGC-7901細(xì)胞的增殖。本實(shí)驗(yàn)為胃癌早期診斷及治療提供了新的靶點(diǎn),對于胃癌早期診斷及治療具有指導(dǎo)意義。
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(2013-08-27收稿)
(2013-10-29修回)
SRF expression and its biological significance in gastric carcinoma cells
Jing ZUO1,Liang LIU2,Min ZHAO2,Lianfu ZUO2
Lianfu ZUO;E-mail:zuolianfu4909@sina.com
1Department of Medical Oncology,2Section of FCM Analysis,Tumor Institute,The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University,Shijiazhuang 050011,China.
Objective:This study aims to explore the relationship between serum response factor(SRF)expression level and gastric cancer progression by detecting SRF expression level in cancer cells.Methods:The SRF gene in SGC-7901 cells was silenced by RNA interference.Transfection efficiency was detected by fluorescence microscopy,cell proliferation by CCK 8 method,SRF gene and protein expression level by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot,and cell cycle by flow cytometry.Results:Cell treatment with siRNA-SRF induced significant reduction in SRF mRNA levels.Western blot analysis showed that SRF protein decreased by 40.1%in the siRNA group compared with that in the control group(P<0.05).Compared with the blank,negative,and mock transfection control groups,cell proliferation of the siRNA-SRF group decreased.The inhibition ratio reached 64.24%,as measured by the CCK-8 assay(P<0.05).Treatment with siRNA could block SGC-7901 cell cycle at G0/G1phase(P<0.05).Conclusion:SRF expression is closely associated with gastric carcinoma cell proliferation.SRF protein level detection can provide a certain reference value in evaluating malignant gastric carcinoma progression.SRF is possibly an important target for the prevention and control of gastric cancers.
gastric carcinoma,serum response factor,flow cytometry
10.3969/j.issn.1000-8179.20131423
①河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)第四醫(yī)院腫瘤內(nèi)科(石家莊市050011);②河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)第四醫(yī)院腫瘤研究所流式細(xì)胞室
*本文課題受河北省普通高等學(xué)校強(qiáng)勢特色學(xué)科腫瘤學(xué)建設(shè)經(jīng)費(fèi)項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):冀教高[2005]52號(hào))資助
左連富 zuolianfu4909@sina.com
This work was supported by a grant from the Hebei Provincial Program for Subjects with High Scholarship and Creative Research Potential([2005]No.52).
(本文編輯:邢穎)
左靜 主治醫(yī)師,博士在讀,主要研究方向?yàn)槭彻馨⑽赴┑幕A(chǔ)與臨床研究。
E-mail:wdh970916@163.com