田璐

摘要：在雅思閱讀考試中，英語比較級(jí)是在某些題型中重點(diǎn)出題的考點(diǎn)。學(xué)生在做題過程中應(yīng)首先把比較級(jí)考點(diǎn)作為優(yōu)先考點(diǎn)和關(guān)鍵詞。本文將從閱讀中各題型分別闡釋比較級(jí)考點(diǎn)的出題特點(diǎn)及答題規(guī)律。

關(guān)鍵詞：比較級(jí)；雅思閱讀

英語中的比較級(jí)主要涉及到形容詞和副詞，有三種比較形式：原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)。比較級(jí)考點(diǎn)在雅思閱讀做題中應(yīng)關(guān)注以下兩點(diǎn)：弄清比較對象，明確比較關(guān)系。

一、比較級(jí)在概述題（Summary）的考查

1.題目：It also seems that these disease are affecting people ______ in life than they did in the past.（劍橋雅思6 Greying Population Stays in the Pink） 原文：The problems doctors accepted as normal in a 65-year-old in 1982 are often not appearing until people are 70 or 75. 本題涉及比較級(jí)考點(diǎn)。根據(jù)題干中的than一詞可以推測出填空處是一副詞的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)句意，與過去相比，這些疾病影響人們亦或更早或更晚。因此猜測答案是earlier或later. 原文中說很多常見病的多發(fā)年齡從65歲推遲到70歲或75歲。65變到了70/75，即later。2.題目：There has been a considerable reduction in the number of elderly people who are disabled， which means that the _____ involved in supporting this section of the population may be less than previously predicted.（劍橋雅思6 Greying Population Stays in the Pink） 原文：The greying of Americas population may prove less of a financial burden than expected.本題中比較級(jí)表達(dá)less than previously predicted是讀題干時(shí)的定位詞，在文中對應(yīng)less than expected。題干中this section of the population對應(yīng)原文中的the greying of Americas population。因此答案為financial burden。

二、比較級(jí)在判斷題（TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN）的考查

1.題目：Lying as a survival skill is more important than detecting a lie. （9分達(dá)人雅思閱讀真題還原與解析How to spot a liar？）原文：But knowing how to catch deceit can be just as important a survival skill as knowing how to tell a lie and get away with it. 本題中比較的兩者分別為測謊（catch deceit）和（how to tell a lie）。原文中兩者關(guān)系為同級(jí)比較（as important as）， 而題目為比較級(jí)關(guān)系。2. 原文： In the late 1970s， the infant mortality rate for the children of illiterate mothers was around 110 death per thousand live births. Those mothers who later went on to learn to read had a similar level of child mortality （105/1000）.For women educated in primary school， however， the infant mortality rate was significantly lower， at 80 per thousand. In 1985， after the National Literacy Crusade had ended， the infant mortality figures for those who remained illiterate and for those educated in primary school remained more or less unchanged.For those women who learnt to read through the campaign， the infant mortality rate was 84 per thousand， an impressive 21 points lower than for those women who were still illiterate.

本文以上比較級(jí)數(shù)據(jù)信息可以通過一個(gè)表格清楚地展現(xiàn)出來：

Mortality rate

Time Illiterate mothers Mothers who later went on to learn to read Mothers educated in primary school

Before the NLC 110/1000 105/1000 80/1000

After the NLC 110/1000 unchanged 84/1000 80/1000 unchangedendprint

題目：20 Before the National Literacy Crusade， illiterate women had approximately the same levels of infant mortality as those who had learnt to read in primary school. 根據(jù)圖表可以發(fā)現(xiàn)illiterate mothers的孩子死亡率為110/1000，而mothers educated in primary school則為80/1000。因此same as相同的表達(dá)明顯錯(cuò)誤，答案為FALSE。

22 The women who had learnt to read through the National Literacy Crusade showed the greatest change in infant mortality levels. 表格第三列在前后數(shù)值有變化，因此該類別母親有最大變化表達(dá)正確。

三、比較級(jí)在選擇題（Multiple Choice）的考查

1.題目： Who were the largest group to record their spiritual trip during the postclassical era？（9分達(dá)人雅思閱讀真題還原與解析2 Travel Books）原文：Millions of Muslims have followed his example. East Asian travelers were not quite so prominent as Muslims during the postclassical era. 本題中兩個(gè)比較對象為穆斯林教徒（Muslims）和東亞各國旅行者（East Asian travelers）。與穆斯林比較，東亞各國旅行者沒有那么突出?？梢娙藬?shù)最多的是穆斯林教徒。

四、比較級(jí)在填空題（Sentence Completion）的考查

1. 題目：The modern human is ____ bigger than before after the industrial revolution.

（9分達(dá)人雅思閱讀真題還原與解析2 Tackling Hunger in Msekeni） 原文：Homo sapiens has grown 50% bigger since the industrial revolution. 比較對象為工業(yè)前后人口數(shù)量，人口數(shù)量增加，且增幅為50% 。endprint