馮偉軍+吳澤勇+王翠媚+等
[摘要] 目的 研究寬蒂與窄蒂腓動(dòng)脈穿支皮瓣的血流動(dòng)力學(xué)的差異。 方法 選成年的健康新西蘭兔30只。采取隨機(jī)原則,分成兩組,每組15只,Ⅰ組設(shè)計(jì)寬蒂腓動(dòng)脈穿支皮瓣模型(蒂寬1cm),Ⅱ組設(shè)計(jì)窄蒂腓動(dòng)脈穿支皮瓣模型(蒂寬0.5cm)。 分別于術(shù)后2h、術(shù)后 1 周、2 周和 3 周時(shí)采用彩色多普勒超聲儀進(jìn)行血流動(dòng)力學(xué)的評(píng)估。 結(jié)果 兩組皮瓣術(shù)后不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)的腓動(dòng)脈血流速度和血流量比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。兩組腓動(dòng)脈血流速度和血流量之間比較,術(shù)后2h時(shí)差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),術(shù)后1、2、3周時(shí)差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。 結(jié)論 寬蒂與窄蒂腓動(dòng)脈穿支皮瓣的腓動(dòng)脈血流速度和血流量接近,兩種皮瓣均能獲得良好的血運(yùn)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 穿支皮瓣;血流動(dòng)力學(xué);腓動(dòng)脈穿支;窄蒂
[中圖分類號(hào)] R622 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 2095-0616(2014)12-22-03
自1989年Koshima首次提出穿支皮瓣的概念,隨著多年來穿支皮瓣的動(dòng)物研究與臨床應(yīng)用研究的日益深入,臨床對(duì)穿支皮瓣的認(rèn)識(shí)越來越全面[1-4]。目前尚未見窄蒂穿支皮瓣動(dòng)物模型的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,也未見窄蒂穿支皮瓣與寬蒂穿支皮瓣血流動(dòng)力學(xué)的比較性研究。本研究通過新西蘭白兔窄蒂腓動(dòng)脈穿支皮瓣的動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,與傳統(tǒng)寬蒂腓動(dòng)脈穿支皮瓣進(jìn)行對(duì)比,觀察其早期皮瓣血運(yùn)情況,旨在為臨床腓動(dòng)脈穿支皮瓣手術(shù)方式的改進(jìn)提供理論依據(jù)。
1 材料與方法
1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物
選成年的健康新西蘭兔30只(雌雄不拘),體重2.5~3.0kg。實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物由廣東醫(yī)學(xué)院實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物中心提供(動(dòng)物許可證號(hào):A2009030)。
1.2 動(dòng)物分組和皮瓣模型的建立
采取隨機(jī)原則,分成兩組,每組15只,Ⅰ組設(shè)計(jì)寬蒂腓動(dòng)脈穿支皮瓣模型(蒂寬1cm),Ⅱ組設(shè)計(jì)窄蒂腓動(dòng)脈穿支皮瓣模型(蒂寬0.5cm)。3%戊巴比妥鈉1mL/kg經(jīng)兔耳緣靜脈注射全身麻醉后,兩側(cè)后肢剪毛,8%硫化鈉脫毛。將兔俯臥置于手術(shù)臺(tái)上,碘酒、酒精消毒后鋪巾,按模型設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行,將腓動(dòng)脈銳性切斷后顯微鏡下原位吻合,于深筋膜下掀起皮瓣后止血,原位縫合。手術(shù)后將兔子常規(guī)分籠飼養(yǎng),后肢不作固定,不限制其活動(dòng)。
1.3 檢測(cè)指標(biāo)
采用彩色多普勒超聲儀完成腓動(dòng)脈血流動(dòng)力學(xué)的評(píng)估。應(yīng)用東芝SSA-790A型彩色多普勒超聲診斷系統(tǒng),探頭頻率8~10MHz,測(cè)量的時(shí)間分別為術(shù)后2h、術(shù)后 1周、2周和 3周,測(cè)量的室內(nèi)溫度在23~25℃。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS12.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,數(shù)據(jù)以()表示,多組間比較,采用方差分析,兩組間比較采用配對(duì)t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
3 討論
隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,車禍致肢體創(chuàng)傷的發(fā)病率逐年增高,因?yàn)檐嚨渹滦⊥茸沲撞康幕颊咭搽S之逐年增加。這些患者除了存在骨折之外,往往同時(shí)還伴有相應(yīng)部位的軟組織挫傷、皮膚缺損,臨床上對(duì)于這類疾病采取皮瓣修復(fù)創(chuàng)面的方法進(jìn)行治療,常用的皮瓣有穿支皮瓣、肌皮瓣、游離軸型皮瓣等,其中腓動(dòng)脈穿支皮瓣一直是修復(fù)足踝部及小腿下段軟組織缺損的常用方法,是目前最理想的臨床應(yīng)用皮瓣之一[5-6]。皮瓣成活主要取決于皮瓣血供,在臨床實(shí)踐中,為了防止皮瓣蒂部臃腫而導(dǎo)致術(shù)后皮瓣瘀血甚至壞死,臨床醫(yī)師常面臨著既要保證皮瓣供血渠道的完整性(即增加蒂部寬度),又要盡可能減少蒂部寬度的二難境地[7-9]。
本實(shí)驗(yàn)首先建立腓動(dòng)脈穿支皮瓣動(dòng)物模型,從動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)角度比較性研究窄蒂腓動(dòng)脈穿支皮瓣和寬蒂腓動(dòng)脈穿支皮瓣血流動(dòng)力學(xué)變化,為臨床上應(yīng)用窄蒂穿支皮瓣的成活率提供實(shí)驗(yàn)研究基礎(chǔ)。應(yīng)用超聲多普勒血流探測(cè)可以準(zhǔn)確了解穿支血流速度,血管內(nèi)血液的流速反映其血管口徑[10-12]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)窄蒂和寬蒂組皮瓣術(shù)后不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)的腓動(dòng)脈血流速度和血流量比較,除了術(shù)后2h時(shí)兩組腓動(dòng)脈血流速度和血流量存在顯著差異之外,術(shù)后1、2、3周時(shí)均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。說明雖然術(shù)后2h時(shí)窄蒂皮瓣組的血液循環(huán)較寬蒂穿支蒂皮瓣組差,但這種差異很快得到改善,術(shù)后1、2、3周時(shí)兩組皮瓣的腓動(dòng)脈血流速度和血流量接近,皮瓣均能獲得良好的血運(yùn),證明了窄蒂并不會(huì)對(duì)皮瓣的成活率帶來不良影響。分析其原因:寬蒂皮瓣雖然增加了進(jìn)入皮瓣的血液量,但是由于皮瓣面積的增加,其皮瓣的血液需求量也隨之增加,因此致使到達(dá)皮瓣遠(yuǎn)端的血液量并不能明顯增多[13-16];而窄蒂皮瓣雖然會(huì)一定程度減少皮瓣的血液流入量,但也會(huì)減少血液的流出量,皮瓣面積減少,其血液需求量也減少,從而維持皮瓣內(nèi)血容量的動(dòng)態(tài)平衡狀態(tài);窄蒂皮瓣內(nèi)血管網(wǎng)并沒有破壞,蒂部的血液仍然能藉此血管網(wǎng)滲入皮瓣各處[17-18]。最關(guān)鍵的是,寬蒂皮瓣并不能延長穿支血管的長度,窄蒂與寬蒂的穿支血管長度是相近的,因此兩者皮瓣遠(yuǎn)端的血供是相近的[18-21]。
綜上所述,本實(shí)驗(yàn)為臨床應(yīng)用窄蒂腓動(dòng)脈穿支皮瓣修復(fù)足踝部及小腿中下段創(chuàng)傷提供了一定實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ),對(duì)于窄蒂穿支皮瓣的臨床推廣應(yīng)用具有重要理論指導(dǎo)意義。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
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[6] Ruan HJ,Schleich AR,Chai YM.The extended peroneal artery perforator flap for lower extremity reconstruction[J].Ann Plast Surg,2010,64(2):451-457.
[7] Chang SM,Yu D,Li JF.The role of the large superficial vein in survival of proximally based versus distally based sural ve-no-neuro-fasciocutaneous flap in a rabbit model[J].Plast Reconstr Surg,2005,115(1):213-218.
[8] 陳琦,趙天蘭.窄蒂皮瓣在修復(fù)面部組織缺損中的應(yīng)用[J].醫(yī)學(xué)信息,2011,8(11):3864-3865.
[9] 李志安,李振武,尹銳鋒,等.腓動(dòng)脈穿支供養(yǎng)的遠(yuǎn)端蒂腓腸神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)血管皮瓣的臨床應(yīng)用[J].中國骨傷,2009,22(7):527-529.
[10] 陳雪松,徐永清,肖茂明.腓動(dòng)脈主穿支彩超定位對(duì)穿支腓腸神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)血管皮瓣的l臨床意義[J].中華整形外科雜志,2010,26(4):417-421.
[12] 蔡曉峰,查月琴,胡建群,等.彩色多普勒超聲在軸型皮瓣設(shè)計(jì)中的臨床應(yīng)用[J].中國醫(yī)學(xué)影像技術(shù),2010,26(11):2168-2171.
[13] Sarikaya A,Aygif AC.Review of monitoring free muscle flap transfers in reconstructive surgery:role of 99mTc sestamibi scintigraphy[J].Nucl Med Commun,2006,27(1):91-98.
[14] Schaverien M,Saint CM.Perforators of the lower leg:analysis of perforator locations and clinical application for pedicled perforator flaps[J].American Society of Plastic Surgeons,2008,122(1):161-170.
[15] BhaRaeharya V,Deshpande SB,Watts RK,et al. Measurement ofperfusion pressure of perforators andits correlation with their internal diameter[J].Br J Plast Surg,2005,58(6):759-764.
[16] Chang SM,Gu YD,Li JF.Comparison of different managements of large superficial veins in distally based fascioeutaneous flaps with aveno-neuro-adipofascial pedicle:an experimental study using a rabbit model[J].Microsurgery,2003,23(6):555-560.
[17] 金玉丹,陳杰明,王綏江,等.蒂部寬度與結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)兔淺靜脈-皮神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)血管遠(yuǎn)端筋膜蒂皮瓣成活的影響[J].廣東醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2011,29(1):13-16.
[18] 張為寶,趙天蘭,余道江,等.通過觀察皮瓣微循環(huán)以預(yù)測(cè)不同長寬比狹長窄蒂任意皮瓣成活面積實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[J].安徽醫(yī)藥,2010,14(3):305-307.
[19] 高慧,胡建群,章宏偉,等.彩色多普勒超聲對(duì)腓動(dòng)脈穿支皮瓣血管的研究[J].南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版),2010,30(4):484-487.
[20] 李學(xué)淵,胡瑞斌,王曉峰,等.腓動(dòng)脈穿支皮瓣的解剖與臨床應(yīng)用[J].解剖與臨床,2011,16(1):16-18.
[21] Jing ZZ,Chang SM,You MR,et al.Venous drainage in retrograde island flap:an experimental study using fluorescence trac-ingtechnique[J].Microsurgery,2010,30(1):50-54.
(收稿日期:2014-03-16)endprint
[4] Tsukino A,Kurachi K,Inamiya T,et al.Preoperative color Doppler assessment in planning of anterolateral thish flaps[J].Plast Reconstr Surg,2004,113(1):241-246.
[5] 周平輝,趙玉振,張寶玉,等.腓腸神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)血管逆行島狀皮瓣修復(fù)足踝部皮膚缺損[J].蚌埠醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2010,35(8):791-793.
[6] Ruan HJ,Schleich AR,Chai YM.The extended peroneal artery perforator flap for lower extremity reconstruction[J].Ann Plast Surg,2010,64(2):451-457.
[7] Chang SM,Yu D,Li JF.The role of the large superficial vein in survival of proximally based versus distally based sural ve-no-neuro-fasciocutaneous flap in a rabbit model[J].Plast Reconstr Surg,2005,115(1):213-218.
[8] 陳琦,趙天蘭.窄蒂皮瓣在修復(fù)面部組織缺損中的應(yīng)用[J].醫(yī)學(xué)信息,2011,8(11):3864-3865.
[9] 李志安,李振武,尹銳鋒,等.腓動(dòng)脈穿支供養(yǎng)的遠(yuǎn)端蒂腓腸神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)血管皮瓣的臨床應(yīng)用[J].中國骨傷,2009,22(7):527-529.
[10] 陳雪松,徐永清,肖茂明.腓動(dòng)脈主穿支彩超定位對(duì)穿支腓腸神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)血管皮瓣的l臨床意義[J].中華整形外科雜志,2010,26(4):417-421.
[12] 蔡曉峰,查月琴,胡建群,等.彩色多普勒超聲在軸型皮瓣設(shè)計(jì)中的臨床應(yīng)用[J].中國醫(yī)學(xué)影像技術(shù),2010,26(11):2168-2171.
[13] Sarikaya A,Aygif AC.Review of monitoring free muscle flap transfers in reconstructive surgery:role of 99mTc sestamibi scintigraphy[J].Nucl Med Commun,2006,27(1):91-98.
[14] Schaverien M,Saint CM.Perforators of the lower leg:analysis of perforator locations and clinical application for pedicled perforator flaps[J].American Society of Plastic Surgeons,2008,122(1):161-170.
[15] BhaRaeharya V,Deshpande SB,Watts RK,et al. Measurement ofperfusion pressure of perforators andits correlation with their internal diameter[J].Br J Plast Surg,2005,58(6):759-764.
[16] Chang SM,Gu YD,Li JF.Comparison of different managements of large superficial veins in distally based fascioeutaneous flaps with aveno-neuro-adipofascial pedicle:an experimental study using a rabbit model[J].Microsurgery,2003,23(6):555-560.
[17] 金玉丹,陳杰明,王綏江,等.蒂部寬度與結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)兔淺靜脈-皮神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)血管遠(yuǎn)端筋膜蒂皮瓣成活的影響[J].廣東醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2011,29(1):13-16.
[18] 張為寶,趙天蘭,余道江,等.通過觀察皮瓣微循環(huán)以預(yù)測(cè)不同長寬比狹長窄蒂任意皮瓣成活面積實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[J].安徽醫(yī)藥,2010,14(3):305-307.
[19] 高慧,胡建群,章宏偉,等.彩色多普勒超聲對(duì)腓動(dòng)脈穿支皮瓣血管的研究[J].南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版),2010,30(4):484-487.
[20] 李學(xué)淵,胡瑞斌,王曉峰,等.腓動(dòng)脈穿支皮瓣的解剖與臨床應(yīng)用[J].解剖與臨床,2011,16(1):16-18.
[21] Jing ZZ,Chang SM,You MR,et al.Venous drainage in retrograde island flap:an experimental study using fluorescence trac-ingtechnique[J].Microsurgery,2010,30(1):50-54.
(收稿日期:2014-03-16)endprint
[4] Tsukino A,Kurachi K,Inamiya T,et al.Preoperative color Doppler assessment in planning of anterolateral thish flaps[J].Plast Reconstr Surg,2004,113(1):241-246.
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(收稿日期:2014-03-16)endprint