国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

全麻不同時(shí)期留置尿管對(duì)成年男性全麻蘇醒期躁動(dòng)影響的對(duì)照研究

2014-10-28 14:41:37周寒梅姜華
特別健康·下半月 2014年8期
關(guān)鍵詞:護(hù)理

周寒梅+姜華

【摘要】目的:觀察不同時(shí)期留置尿管對(duì)全身麻醉后男性患者蘇醒期躁動(dòng)的影響,并總結(jié)護(hù)理經(jīng)驗(yàn)。方法 :選擇我院2012年7月-2012年12月間60例(年齡18~60歲),麻醉分級(jí)(American Society of Anesthesiologists)1~2級(jí)在全身麻醉下接受上腹部手術(shù)的成年男性患者隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組與觀察組,每組各30例。觀察組:留置尿管在全身麻醉前推注鎮(zhèn)靜催眠藥(咪唑安定、舒芬太尼)后患者達(dá)到雷曼鎮(zhèn)靜程度評(píng)分(Ramsay sedation score,RSS)3級(jí)時(shí)留置尿管。對(duì)照組:留置尿管在全身麻醉氣管插管后進(jìn)行。結(jié)果 :兩組患者麻醉蘇醒期躁動(dòng)情況對(duì)比,觀察組輕于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 :對(duì)接受全身麻醉手術(shù)的成年男性導(dǎo)尿時(shí),在患者達(dá)到RAMSAY評(píng)分3級(jí)時(shí)留置尿管比接受全身麻醉后留置尿管可減少患者蘇醒期躁動(dòng)。對(duì)增加患者的滿意度、舒適度,保證患者安全方面具有積極的臨床意義。

【關(guān)鍵詞】留置導(dǎo)尿;留置時(shí)機(jī);蘇醒期躁動(dòng);護(hù)理

Indwelling catheter after Ramsay sedation score reached 3 can reduce adult male patients agitation after general anesthesia

ZHOU Hanmei, JIANG Hua

(Department of Anesthesia, the 3rd peoples hospital of Chengdu, the second affiliated hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University)

【Abstract】 Objective: Observe the different periods of indwelling catheter for adult male patients after general anesthesia whether it can influence the incidence of postoperative agitation in post- anesthesia care unit(PACU), and summarize the nursing experience. Method The study enrolled 60 male adults, age from 18-60 years old, ASA 1-2 degree , were scheduled for undergoing upper abdominal surgery under general anesthesia, necessitating intraoperative urinary catheterization. These patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, a control group and the observation group, 30 cases in each group. Observation group: indwelling catheter before general anesthesia, intravenous sedative-hypnotics (midazolam, sufentanil),after patients reached Ramsay sedation score 3.Control group: indwelling catheter after general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation. Results Postoperative agitation occurred in the control group was more common in the observation group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Indwelling catheter after RAMSAY sedation score reached 3 can reduce adult male patients agitation after general anesthesia, compared to indwell catheter after general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation.

【Key Words】Indwell catheter; Periods of indwelling;catheter;Agitation;Nurse

【中圖分類號(hào)】R472.9+2【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A 【文章編號(hào)】2095-6851(2014)08采用留置導(dǎo)尿術(shù)的目的是為了預(yù)防手術(shù)患者出現(xiàn)尿潴留,便于術(shù)中觀察尿量,了解病情。全身麻醉后進(jìn)行導(dǎo)尿可以減少患者術(shù)前不適及恐懼感,有利于保護(hù)患者的隱私。但是在實(shí)際操作中我們觀察到,這類在全身麻醉后留置導(dǎo)尿管的成年男性患者在全麻蘇醒期尿道刺激癥狀明顯,甚至無法忍受,導(dǎo)致強(qiáng)烈躁動(dòng),對(duì)正常的麻醉蘇醒造成一定的影響。為減少患者全身麻醉蘇醒期躁動(dòng),保證患者安全,增加患者的舒適度、滿意度,現(xiàn)將我院2012年7月-2012年12月間60例在不同時(shí)期留置導(dǎo)尿管的成年男性患者全麻蘇醒期效果進(jìn)行觀察和總結(jié),現(xiàn)將結(jié)果報(bào)告如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

經(jīng)過醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)同意,選擇我院2012年7月-2012年12月間,在全身麻醉下接受上腹部手術(shù),成年男性術(shù)前需導(dǎo)尿的患者60例,排除泌尿系統(tǒng)疾?。凰谢颊呔鶡o心、腦、肺等基礎(chǔ)性疾?。粺o感覺及精神障礙,年齡(18~60歲)ASA分級(jí)1~2級(jí),術(shù)前簽訂知情同意書。所有患者進(jìn)入手術(shù)室前不使用術(shù)前藥,入室后常規(guī)監(jiān)測無創(chuàng)血壓、心電圖、脈搏血氧飽和度,輸入乳酸林格液15 ml·kg-1·h-1。根據(jù)留置尿管的時(shí)間隨機(jī)分為兩組。觀察組30例:全身麻醉誘導(dǎo)前推注鎮(zhèn)靜催眠藥(咪唑安定0.03~0.04 mg·kg-1,舒芬太尼0.1~0.2 μg·kg-1)3~5 min后評(píng)估,使鎮(zhèn)靜程度達(dá)到RSS3級(jí)[1](RSS:1級(jí)清醒:焦慮、不安、激動(dòng)、煩躁;2級(jí)清醒:合作、平靜、定向力好;3級(jí)清醒:僅對(duì)大聲指令有反應(yīng);4級(jí)睡眠:對(duì)眉間輕彈或強(qiáng)聲刺激反應(yīng)迅速;5級(jí)睡眠:對(duì)眉間輕彈或強(qiáng)聲刺激反應(yīng)遲鈍;6級(jí)睡眠:對(duì)眉間輕彈或強(qiáng)聲刺激沒有反應(yīng))后留置導(dǎo)尿。對(duì)照組30例:全身麻醉氣管插管后留置導(dǎo)尿。

1.2 留置尿管方法

以上患者均采用一次性14號(hào)雙腔尿管,術(shù)前護(hù)士以親切的語氣向其解釋留置導(dǎo)尿的過程及目的,并告知患者在麻醉清醒后會(huì)有異物感、憋尿感和輕微的疼痛等不適的感覺,使患者有充分的心理準(zhǔn)備以取得有效的配合。觀察組在全身麻醉前推注鎮(zhèn)靜催眠藥咪唑安定、舒芬太尼后,患者達(dá)到RSS為3級(jí)時(shí)由手術(shù)室巡回護(hù)士按照導(dǎo)尿標(biāo)準(zhǔn)操作規(guī)程留置導(dǎo)尿管;對(duì)照組在全身麻醉氣管插管后由手術(shù)室巡回護(hù)士按照上述標(biāo)準(zhǔn)行留置導(dǎo)尿操作。兩組患者導(dǎo)尿后,均給予相同的導(dǎo)尿后護(hù)理及相應(yīng)的??谱o(hù)理。

1.3 觀察項(xiàng)目

根據(jù)以下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[2]評(píng)價(jià)氣管導(dǎo)管拔除5 min內(nèi)患者躁動(dòng)程度,分為4級(jí):①安靜、合作、基本不躁動(dòng)為0級(jí);②吸痰等刺激時(shí)肢體有躁動(dòng),語言安慰可改善為1級(jí);③無刺激時(shí)即有躁動(dòng),具有反抗行動(dòng)如試圖拔出尿管等,需醫(yī)護(hù)人員制動(dòng)為2級(jí);④掙扎激烈,需多人看護(hù)為3級(jí)。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

應(yīng)用SPSS 10.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件包進(jìn)行分析。正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以x±s表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),等級(jí)資料兩組間比較采用秩和檢驗(yàn),P<0. 05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2結(jié)果

2.1 兩組患者一般資料比較

與對(duì)照組相比,兩組患者在年齡、體重、手術(shù)時(shí)間、出血量的差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05),見表1。

表1 兩組患者一般資料比較

Tab1 The comparison of two groups of patients with general information

組 別 n 年齡/歲 體重/kg 手術(shù)時(shí)間/min 出血量/ml觀察組 30 33±2.5 61±5.3 112±16.7 223±34.5對(duì)照組 30 36±4.2 57±4.6 121±20.4 254±39.7P 0.981 0.234 0.675 0.801

2.2兩組患者蘇醒期情況比較

觀察組患者蘇醒期躁動(dòng)程度與對(duì)照組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表2。

表2兩組患者蘇醒期情況比較

Tab2 The comparison of two groups of patients recovery period

組 別 n蘇醒期躁動(dòng)分級(jí)(氣管導(dǎo)管拔除5 min內(nèi))0 1 2 3對(duì)照組 30 3 7 14 6觀察組3014*10 5*1*p0.0250.0720.0340.041

*與對(duì)照組比較P<0.05

3討論

術(shù)后蘇醒期躁動(dòng)是全身麻醉后十分常見的并發(fā)癥之一,是全麻蘇醒期的一種不恰當(dāng)行為,表現(xiàn)為亢奮、躁動(dòng)和定向障礙并存,出現(xiàn)不適當(dāng)行為。全身麻醉后躁動(dòng)的機(jī)制雖未完全明了[3]。各種有害刺激是誘發(fā)和加重躁動(dòng)的最常見原因。其中疼痛占53.49%、氣管導(dǎo)管刺激占30.23%、尿管刺激占8.91%(三者引起的術(shù)后躁動(dòng)的程度以輕、中度為多數(shù))、心理應(yīng)激占3.48%(以中、重度躁動(dòng)多見)[4]。膀胱三角區(qū)及膀胱壁神經(jīng)豐富,黏膜對(duì)刺激極敏感。男性尿道有兩個(gè)生理彎曲和3個(gè)狹窄段,尿道黏膜神經(jīng)末梢豐富,清醒狀態(tài)下置入尿管時(shí)有明顯疼痛和不適,甚至?xí)斐蓳p傷出血[5]。為了減輕術(shù)前緊張及不適,有報(bào)道[6]認(rèn)為,麻醉后放置尿管可消除或減輕患者的疼痛或不適,更易為患者所接受,但亦有報(bào)道[7]認(rèn)為會(huì)增加全身麻醉蘇醒期躁動(dòng)。但我們通過觀察發(fā)現(xiàn),全身麻醉后對(duì)成年男性進(jìn)行導(dǎo)尿會(huì)導(dǎo)致這類患者在蘇醒期出現(xiàn)較劇烈的躁動(dòng)反應(yīng)。表2中可見對(duì)照組躁動(dòng)反應(yīng)明顯高于觀察組。其具體機(jī)制考慮與患者在RSS為3級(jí)清醒狀態(tài)下接受導(dǎo)尿,大腦皮層有相應(yīng)短暫記憶并在蘇醒期表現(xiàn)為患者接受尿管的存在,其耐受良好。而麻醉后置管的患者在蘇醒期時(shí)對(duì)此類尿道異物無記憶,故其不適大大增加,從而誘發(fā)蘇醒期的躁動(dòng)反應(yīng)。

及時(shí)觀察蘇醒期的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo),適時(shí)予以藥物介入也是防止躁動(dòng)的有效方法。全身麻醉蘇醒期躁動(dòng)處理目前仍然是臨床上的難題,發(fā)生躁動(dòng)的患者主要根據(jù)發(fā)生躁動(dòng)的原因?qū)ΠY處理。

在導(dǎo)尿護(hù)理過程中應(yīng)充分注意以下各方面增強(qiáng)臨床效果減少患者的痛苦及不適:一是全麻手術(shù)前由巡回護(hù)士對(duì)患者進(jìn)行給予留置保留導(dǎo)尿的相關(guān)知識(shí)宣教和心理護(hù)理,提高患者的應(yīng)激適應(yīng)能力,解除患者的焦慮和恐懼心理;二是加強(qiáng)護(hù)理工作者的基本操作技能訓(xùn)練,正確熟練運(yùn)用留置尿管,一般使用14~16號(hào)雙腔尿管;三是在導(dǎo)尿管內(nèi)注入適量無菌生理鹽水,避免套囊過度擴(kuò)張,有利于固定尿管,減少患者的不適及并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生。

在沒有明確躁動(dòng)的發(fā)生原因時(shí),首先注意的是加強(qiáng)護(hù)理,避免由于過度躁動(dòng)導(dǎo)致的安全問題,防止意外事件的發(fā)生?,F(xiàn)代護(hù)理觀強(qiáng)調(diào)“以人為本”,提倡人文關(guān)懷,這就要求護(hù)理工作者要重視服務(wù)對(duì)象的感受,具備以人為本的服務(wù)意識(shí),想方設(shè)法為患者提供優(yōu)質(zhì)服務(wù)。尿管刺激是術(shù)后疼痛及不適的主要原因[8],尿道疼痛和不適易引起患者煩躁不安、從而易導(dǎo)致術(shù)后創(chuàng)面出血,對(duì)患者的病程恢復(fù)極為不利。如何將導(dǎo)尿管引起的不適降至最小是臨床護(hù)理工作者應(yīng)解決的問題,但目前都較為注意插管時(shí)的舒適度而忽略術(shù)后蘇醒期的舒適度。我們的觀察表明,在實(shí)施全身麻醉前給予鎮(zhèn)痛鎮(zhèn)靜藥物,使患者處于一定的鎮(zhèn)靜程度(RSS為2~3級(jí))再給予留置保留尿管可以降低全身麻醉蘇醒期躁動(dòng)的發(fā)生率。

總之,只有不斷探索麻醉后躁動(dòng)的原因才能進(jìn)一步提高麻醉質(zhì)量。對(duì)于成年男性患者,在全身麻醉后置入尿管會(huì)降低全身麻醉蘇醒質(zhì)量,增加醫(yī)療風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。為了更好地保證患者的安全,減少全麻蘇醒期躁動(dòng)發(fā)生,從而增加患者對(duì)手術(shù)治療的滿意度,達(dá)到積極的臨床意義,我們?cè)谂R床工作中對(duì)于留置導(dǎo)尿管的時(shí)機(jī)選擇一定要根據(jù)具體情況選擇適宜的時(shí)間和方式進(jìn)行。

參考文獻(xiàn)

[1]謝燦茂,陳升汶.危重癥加強(qiáng)監(jiān)護(hù)治療學(xué).第1版.北京.人民衛(wèi)生出版社,2011年1月:35.Xie C M,Chen S W. Critically ill intensive care therapeutics. 1st edition.Beijing. People's Health Publishing House, January 2011: 35.

[2]張曉春, 林稱喜, 肖珍玲等. 護(hù)理干預(yù)對(duì)術(shù)前留置尿管患者在麻醉復(fù)蘇期耐受性的影響[J].齊齊哈爾醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào), 2009, 30(6): 737-738.Zhang X C,Lin C X,Xiao Z L,et al.Nursing intervention on preoperative indwelling catheter patients tolerated anesthesia recovery period [J].Journal of Qiqihar Medical College, 2009, 30(6): 737-738.

[3]Jerrold L. Inhalational anesthetics [J].Pediatric Anesthesia, 2004, 14 380-383.

[4]李仁虎,李元海,徐露等. 1200例全麻患者術(shù)后躁動(dòng)原因分析及防治[J].安徽醫(yī)藥, 2011,15(2):186-188.Li R H,Li Y H,Xu L,et al.Cause analysis and control of postoperative restlessness in 1,200 cases of patients who underwent the general anesthesia[J].Anhui Medical and Pharmaceutical Journal, 2011,15(2):186-188.

[5]熊良志,肖峰,馮慧,王燕.麻醉后留置導(dǎo)尿管對(duì)成年男性患者全身麻醉蘇醒質(zhì)量的影響[J].現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué), 2009, 12(37): 404-406.Xiong Z L,Xiao F,F(xiàn)eng H,Wang Y. Indwelling catheter after anesthesia adult male patients with systemic quality of anesthesia [J].Modern medicine Journal,2009, 12(37): 404-406.

[6]王利平,劉沛珍.全程護(hù)理干預(yù)減少全麻手術(shù)患者留置尿管并發(fā)癥的效果觀察[J]..現(xiàn)代護(hù)理,2006,12(13):1195-1196.Wang L P,Liu PZ. The full care interventions to reduce the effects observed in patients with general anesthesia catheter complications[J]. Modern Nursing Journal, 2006,12(13):1195-1196.

[7]Sun JL, Lu Y P,Huang B,et al Effect of a novel analgesic disposable urinary catheter in prevention of restlessness caused by catheter related bladder discomfort in general anesthesia patients in recovery period[J].Chinese Medical Journal.2008,88(25):1750-1752.

[8]劉淑嬌,王宏濤. 全麻手術(shù)病人留置導(dǎo)尿管拔管時(shí)間的探討[J]. 齊魯護(hù)理雜志,2002, 8(8): 619-620.Liu S J, Wang H T. The research of general anesthesia patients with indwelling catheter extubation time [J].Journal of Qilu Nursing,2002, 8(8): 619-620.

[2]張曉春, 林稱喜, 肖珍玲等. 護(hù)理干預(yù)對(duì)術(shù)前留置尿管患者在麻醉復(fù)蘇期耐受性的影響[J].齊齊哈爾醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào), 2009, 30(6): 737-738.Zhang X C,Lin C X,Xiao Z L,et al.Nursing intervention on preoperative indwelling catheter patients tolerated anesthesia recovery period [J].Journal of Qiqihar Medical College, 2009, 30(6): 737-738.

[3]Jerrold L. Inhalational anesthetics [J].Pediatric Anesthesia, 2004, 14 380-383.

[4]李仁虎,李元海,徐露等. 1200例全麻患者術(shù)后躁動(dòng)原因分析及防治[J].安徽醫(yī)藥, 2011,15(2):186-188.Li R H,Li Y H,Xu L,et al.Cause analysis and control of postoperative restlessness in 1,200 cases of patients who underwent the general anesthesia[J].Anhui Medical and Pharmaceutical Journal, 2011,15(2):186-188.

[5]熊良志,肖峰,馮慧,王燕.麻醉后留置導(dǎo)尿管對(duì)成年男性患者全身麻醉蘇醒質(zhì)量的影響[J].現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué), 2009, 12(37): 404-406.Xiong Z L,Xiao F,F(xiàn)eng H,Wang Y. Indwelling catheter after anesthesia adult male patients with systemic quality of anesthesia [J].Modern medicine Journal,2009, 12(37): 404-406.

[6]王利平,劉沛珍.全程護(hù)理干預(yù)減少全麻手術(shù)患者留置尿管并發(fā)癥的效果觀察[J]..現(xiàn)代護(hù)理,2006,12(13):1195-1196.Wang L P,Liu PZ. The full care interventions to reduce the effects observed in patients with general anesthesia catheter complications[J]. Modern Nursing Journal, 2006,12(13):1195-1196.

[7]Sun JL, Lu Y P,Huang B,et al Effect of a novel analgesic disposable urinary catheter in prevention of restlessness caused by catheter related bladder discomfort in general anesthesia patients in recovery period[J].Chinese Medical Journal.2008,88(25):1750-1752.

[8]劉淑嬌,王宏濤. 全麻手術(shù)病人留置導(dǎo)尿管拔管時(shí)間的探討[J]. 齊魯護(hù)理雜志,2002, 8(8): 619-620.Liu S J, Wang H T. The research of general anesthesia patients with indwelling catheter extubation time [J].Journal of Qilu Nursing,2002, 8(8): 619-620.

[2]張曉春, 林稱喜, 肖珍玲等. 護(hù)理干預(yù)對(duì)術(shù)前留置尿管患者在麻醉復(fù)蘇期耐受性的影響[J].齊齊哈爾醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào), 2009, 30(6): 737-738.Zhang X C,Lin C X,Xiao Z L,et al.Nursing intervention on preoperative indwelling catheter patients tolerated anesthesia recovery period [J].Journal of Qiqihar Medical College, 2009, 30(6): 737-738.

[3]Jerrold L. Inhalational anesthetics [J].Pediatric Anesthesia, 2004, 14 380-383.

[4]李仁虎,李元海,徐露等. 1200例全麻患者術(shù)后躁動(dòng)原因分析及防治[J].安徽醫(yī)藥, 2011,15(2):186-188.Li R H,Li Y H,Xu L,et al.Cause analysis and control of postoperative restlessness in 1,200 cases of patients who underwent the general anesthesia[J].Anhui Medical and Pharmaceutical Journal, 2011,15(2):186-188.

[5]熊良志,肖峰,馮慧,王燕.麻醉后留置導(dǎo)尿管對(duì)成年男性患者全身麻醉蘇醒質(zhì)量的影響[J].現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué), 2009, 12(37): 404-406.Xiong Z L,Xiao F,F(xiàn)eng H,Wang Y. Indwelling catheter after anesthesia adult male patients with systemic quality of anesthesia [J].Modern medicine Journal,2009, 12(37): 404-406.

[6]王利平,劉沛珍.全程護(hù)理干預(yù)減少全麻手術(shù)患者留置尿管并發(fā)癥的效果觀察[J]..現(xiàn)代護(hù)理,2006,12(13):1195-1196.Wang L P,Liu PZ. The full care interventions to reduce the effects observed in patients with general anesthesia catheter complications[J]. Modern Nursing Journal, 2006,12(13):1195-1196.

[7]Sun JL, Lu Y P,Huang B,et al Effect of a novel analgesic disposable urinary catheter in prevention of restlessness caused by catheter related bladder discomfort in general anesthesia patients in recovery period[J].Chinese Medical Journal.2008,88(25):1750-1752.

[8]劉淑嬌,王宏濤. 全麻手術(shù)病人留置導(dǎo)尿管拔管時(shí)間的探討[J]. 齊魯護(hù)理雜志,2002, 8(8): 619-620.Liu S J, Wang H T. The research of general anesthesia patients with indwelling catheter extubation time [J].Journal of Qilu Nursing,2002, 8(8): 619-620.

猜你喜歡
護(hù)理
護(hù)理札記
個(gè)體化護(hù)理在感染科中的護(hù)理應(yīng)用
舒適護(hù)理在肝癌介入護(hù)理中的應(yīng)用
舒適護(hù)理在ICU護(hù)理中的應(yīng)用效果
系統(tǒng)護(hù)理干預(yù)在神經(jīng)內(nèi)科對(duì)腦卒中護(hù)理中的應(yīng)用探討
認(rèn)知性心理護(hù)理在老年抑郁癥護(hù)理中的應(yīng)用研究
上消化道出血的護(hù)理與養(yǎng)生
急腹癥的急診觀察與護(hù)理
建立長期護(hù)理險(xiǎn)迫在眉睫
中醫(yī)護(hù)理實(shí)習(xí)帶教的思考
三江| 苏尼特右旗| 嘉义市| 卢龙县| 阳山县| 清河县| 海南省| 海兴县| 武宁县| 资阳市| 禄劝| 新竹县| 和顺县| 柳河县| 休宁县| 通化市| 岫岩| 黄平县| 遵义县| 六盘水市| 京山县| 许昌市| 神池县| 贵德县| 前郭尔| 辰溪县| 平陆县| 漳浦县| 汉阴县| 博客| 靖宇县| 东兴市| 民乐县| 来凤县| 定边县| 定州市| 北宁市| 罗源县| 余姚市| 赤峰市| 手游|