任小強(qiáng) 張建國 辛士永 程濤
[摘要] 目的 研究miR-218在腎透明細(xì)胞癌中的表達(dá)及其與臨床病理之間的關(guān)系。方法 收集2012年3月—2013年5月間在該院就診的46例病理確診為腎透明細(xì)胞癌組織和30例癌旁≥3.0 cm正常腎組織作為對(duì)照組,采用Realtime PCR方法檢測(cè)microRNA-218在腎透明細(xì)胞癌組織和癌旁≥3.0 cm正常腎組織的表達(dá),分析microRNA-218表達(dá)水平與腎透明細(xì)胞癌臨床病理參數(shù)之間的關(guān)系。結(jié)果 與對(duì)照組癌旁正常腎組織相比, miR-218在腎透明細(xì)胞癌組織的的表達(dá)明顯降低 (P<0.001)。同時(shí), miR-218表達(dá)的降低與腫瘤的分期,轉(zhuǎn)移和分化程度有密切關(guān)系。miR-218的表達(dá)與患者的年齡, 性別, 腫瘤位置及腫瘤大小無明顯統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。但是, miR-218的表達(dá)與腫瘤的轉(zhuǎn)移(P=0.007), 腫瘤的 T分期 (P=0.022) 及腫瘤的分級(jí) (P=0.015)有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。結(jié)論 miR-218在腎透明細(xì)胞癌中和腫瘤分期、分化、轉(zhuǎn)移有著很大的相關(guān)性。miR-218在腎透明細(xì)胞癌組織呈下調(diào)表達(dá),其可能成為腎細(xì)胞癌新的潛在的治療靶點(diǎn)及診斷預(yù)后的分子標(biāo)志物。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 腎透明細(xì)胞癌(RCCC); miR-218; 侵襲; 轉(zhuǎn)移
[中圖分類號(hào)] R737.11 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1674-0742(2014)04(b)-0020-02
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the expression of miR-218 in renal clear cell carcinoma and its relationship with clinical pathology. Methods The renal clear cell carcinoma tissue of 46 cases of patients diagnosed with renal clear cell carcinoma in our hospital from March, 2012 to May, 2013 were selected and 30 cases of normal renal tissues ≥ 3.0cm adjacent to carcinoma as the control group. Realtime PCR method was used to detect the expression of microRNA-218 in renal clear cell carcinoma tissue and normal renal tissue ≥ 3.0cm adjacent to carcinoma. The relationship between the expression of microRNA-218 and renal clear cell carcinoma clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. Results Compared with the control tissues, miR-218 expression in the RCCC tissues was significantly lower (P<0.001). Moreover, low miR-218 was closely associated with the stage, metastasis, and the grade of the tumor. The expression of miR-218 with the patient's age and gender, tumor location and tumor size had no statistical significance. But the expression of miR-218 with the tumor metastasis (P=0.007), tumor T staging (P=0.022) and tumor grade (P=0.015), had statistical significance. Conclusion MiR-218 was strongly correlated to RCCC stage, tumor grade, tumor metastasis. MiR-218 was low express in the tissues of RCCC,it may be used as a potential therapeutic target,a diagnostic biomarker and a prognostic predictor in patients with RCCC in future.
[Key words] Renal clear cell carcinoma (RCCC); miR-218; Invasion; Metastasis 隨著目前分子生物學(xué)技術(shù)的突飛猛進(jìn)以及對(duì)惡性腫瘤發(fā)生的細(xì)胞分子水平研究的深入,從基因水平尋找腎癌防治的新途徑成為研究的熱點(diǎn)。MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是在真核生物中發(fā)現(xiàn)的一類內(nèi)源性的具有調(diào)控功能的非編碼RNA,其大小長約20~25個(gè)核苷酸。最近的研究[1]表明miRNA參與各種各樣的調(diào)節(jié)途徑,包括發(fā)育、病毒防御、造血過程、器官形成、細(xì)胞增殖和凋亡等。miRNA在多種腫瘤中存在表達(dá)異常,可以發(fā)揮癌基因或抑癌基因作用,它已經(jīng)顯示出能抑制某些重要腫瘤相關(guān)基因表達(dá),在腫瘤發(fā)生、發(fā)展、預(yù)后中扮演十分重要的角色[2]。目前有關(guān)miR-218的研究報(bào)道不多,miR-218參與了很多腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展。該研究于2012年3月—2013年5月間通過檢測(cè)microRNA-218在腎透明細(xì)胞癌組織中的表達(dá),分析其與臨床病理之間的關(guān)系,探討miR-218對(duì)腎透明細(xì)胞癌組織的影響,從而初步揭示miR-218在腎透明細(xì)胞癌中的生物學(xué)功能。報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 標(biāo)本收集
收集河南科技大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院的46例腎細(xì)胞癌癌組織及30例癌旁≥3.0 cm正常腎組織作為對(duì)照組。所有組織標(biāo)本均經(jīng)病理學(xué)診斷確認(rèn)為腎細(xì)胞癌。其中腎細(xì)胞癌中,低分化11例,中分化17例,高分化18例,根據(jù)TNM分期,臨床Ⅰ期21例, 臨床Ⅱ期13例,臨床Ⅲ期8例 臨床Ⅳ期4例 ,有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的14例,無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的32例,患者年齡28~80歲,平均年齡53.6歲 ,其中男性31例,女性15例。
1.2 RNA提取和 qRT-PCR
選用美國Invotrogen公司的RNA提取試劑盒,抽提組織總RNA。用紫外分光光度計(jì)于 260 和280 nm 波長處測(cè)定 RNA 提取液的吸光度(D)值,檢測(cè) RNA 純度和濃度。用Invitrogen公司NCode miRNA First-Strand cDNA Synthesis 和 qRT-PCR Kits進(jìn)行加PolyA尾巴和反轉(zhuǎn)錄。操作程序?yàn)閷⑾驲NA 10 μL 、5×反轉(zhuǎn)錄緩沖液 4 μL、25 mmol/LMnCl2 2 μL、2 mmol/L ATP 1 μL、Poly A Polymerase 0.4μL、用DEPC 處理后的無酶水補(bǔ)至 20 μL,放置37 ℃15 min, 再取加Poly A后RNA 8 μL、Annealing Buffer 1 μL、 Universal RT Primer(25uM)3 μL,65 ℃孵育5 min,迅速冰浴2~10 min,短暫離心,繼續(xù)向以上反應(yīng)液中加入2xFirst Strand Buffer 10 μL、SuperScriptⅢ RT/RNaseOut Enzyme mix 2 μL輕輕吸打混勻,50 ℃孵育50 min。反應(yīng)結(jié)束后 85 ℃保溫5 min。
使用羅氏公司的7 500型熒光定量PCR儀,采用2-△△CT法進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的相對(duì)定量分析。RealTime反應(yīng)體系為:2x REALSYBRMixture 10 uL、10 umol/Lmir-218 上游引物0.4 μL、10 umol/Lmir-218 下游引物 0.4 μL、反轉(zhuǎn)錄產(chǎn)物 2 μL, 加入滅菌蒸餾水至20 μL。擴(kuò)增程序?yàn)椋?5 ℃ 10 min,(95 ℃15sec,60 ℃60sec)×40個(gè)循環(huán)。以U6 基因表達(dá)作為內(nèi)參。miR-218 的相對(duì)表達(dá)量通過公式2-△△CT計(jì)算,其中 ΔCt = miR-218Ct 值- U6Ct 值。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)方法
采用SPSS17.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。miR-218在腎細(xì)胞癌癌組織與癌旁正常腎組織的表達(dá)差異采用獨(dú)立樣本的t檢驗(yàn)。miR-218的表達(dá)與腎細(xì)胞癌臨床病理學(xué)特征的關(guān)聯(lián)采用非參數(shù)Mann Whitney U檢驗(yàn)。
2 結(jié)果
與對(duì)照組癌旁正常腎組織相比, miR-218在腎透明細(xì)胞癌組織的的表達(dá)明顯降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001,圖A)。同時(shí), miR-218表達(dá)的降低與腫瘤的分期,轉(zhuǎn)移和分化程度有密切關(guān)系(圖B, 圖C,圖D)。miR-218的表達(dá)與患者的年齡(P=0.817), 性別(P=0.951), 腫瘤位置(P=0.914)及腫瘤大?。≒=0.354)差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。但是, miR-218的表達(dá)與腫瘤的轉(zhuǎn)移,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.007), 腫瘤的 T分期,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 (P=0.022)及腫瘤的分級(jí),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.015),見表1。
3 討論
腫瘤的侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移仍是腫瘤高死亡率的主要原因。在最新的一些研究報(bào)告中,MiR -218可以抑制腫瘤的進(jìn)展和侵襲,可以明顯降低人類惡性腫瘤發(fā)生[3]。然而,miR-218在腎癌中的作用尚未進(jìn)一步的研究。
該研究發(fā)現(xiàn),MiR-218在腎透明細(xì)胞癌組織中的表達(dá)是減少的,明顯低于對(duì)照組(P<0.001),尤其是在腫瘤晚期,表達(dá)明顯降低,顯示出它在腫瘤進(jìn)展與侵襲中的作用更加突出。miR-218在腎癌中的這種現(xiàn)象符合之前的研究報(bào)道[4-6]。此外,在腫瘤組中, miR-218在晚期腎透明細(xì)胞癌組織中的表達(dá)水平明顯低于早期腎透明細(xì)胞癌(P<0.001)。低分化腎透明細(xì)胞癌中miR-218的表達(dá)水平明顯低于高/中分化腎透明細(xì)胞癌(P<0.05),有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的腎透明細(xì)胞癌組織中miR-218顯示明顯低表達(dá)(P<0.001)。由于miR-218已經(jīng)被證明在宮頸腺癌以及許多其他惡性腫瘤中與腫瘤的轉(zhuǎn)移及侵襲明顯相關(guān)[7-8],而該研究進(jìn)一步顯示miR-218在腎惡性腫瘤的轉(zhuǎn)移及侵襲中也可能是一個(gè)重要的因素[9]。
綜上,研究發(fā)現(xiàn),miR-218在腎細(xì)胞癌組織中與分期、分化、轉(zhuǎn)移是有密切關(guān)系的,其表達(dá)水平與臨床進(jìn)展呈負(fù)相關(guān),miR-218在腎細(xì)胞癌中作為一個(gè)腫瘤抑制基因,揭示了其可能成為腎癌新的潛在的治療靶點(diǎn)。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
[1] Tu Y, Gao X, Li G, et al. MicroRNA-218 Inhibits Glioma Invasion, Migration, Proliferation, and Cancer Stem-like Cell Self-Renewal by Targeting the Polycomb Group Gene Bmi1[J].Cancer research,2013,73(19):6046-6055.
[2] Chiyomaru T, Enokida H, Kawakami K, et al. Functional role of LASP1 in cell viability and its regulation by microRNAs in bladder cancer[J].Urologic Oncology,2012,30(4):434-443.
[3] 楊衛(wèi)東,王歡,汪靜.miRNAs: 腫瘤診斷治療的潛在新型靶分子[J].現(xiàn)代腫瘤醫(yī)學(xué),2013,21(8):1873-1879.
[4] 黃曉明,陳翔,賈振宇.人工microRNAs在腫瘤基因治療中的研究[J].中國細(xì)胞生物學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2013,35(7):1018-1026.
[5] Guan H, Wei G, Wu J, et al. Down-regulation of miR-218–2 and its host gene SLIT3 cooperate to promote invasion and progression of thyroid cancer[J].Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2013,89(5):2346-2352.
[6] Davis BN, Hata A microRNA in cancer—the involvement of aberrant microRNA biogenesis regulatory pathways[J].Genes Cancer,2010(11):1100-1114.
[7] Hassan MQ, Maeda Y, Taipaleenmaki H, et al. miR-218 Directs a Wnt signaling circuit to promote differentiation of osteoblasts and osteomimicry of metastatic cancer cells[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,2012,287(50):84-92.
[8] Gien LT, Beauchemin MC, Thomas G. Adenocarcinoma: a unique cervical cancer[J].Gynecol Oncol,2010,116:140-146
[9] Li Q, Zhu F, Chen P. miR-7 and miR-218 epigenetically control tumor suppressor genes RASSF1A and Claudin-6 by targeting HoxB3 in breast cancer[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,2012, 424(1):28-33.
(收稿日期:2014-01-05)
[3] 楊衛(wèi)東,王歡,汪靜.miRNAs: 腫瘤診斷治療的潛在新型靶分子[J].現(xiàn)代腫瘤醫(yī)學(xué),2013,21(8):1873-1879.
[4] 黃曉明,陳翔,賈振宇.人工microRNAs在腫瘤基因治療中的研究[J].中國細(xì)胞生物學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2013,35(7):1018-1026.
[5] Guan H, Wei G, Wu J, et al. Down-regulation of miR-218–2 and its host gene SLIT3 cooperate to promote invasion and progression of thyroid cancer[J].Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2013,89(5):2346-2352.
[6] Davis BN, Hata A microRNA in cancer—the involvement of aberrant microRNA biogenesis regulatory pathways[J].Genes Cancer,2010(11):1100-1114.
[7] Hassan MQ, Maeda Y, Taipaleenmaki H, et al. miR-218 Directs a Wnt signaling circuit to promote differentiation of osteoblasts and osteomimicry of metastatic cancer cells[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,2012,287(50):84-92.
[8] Gien LT, Beauchemin MC, Thomas G. Adenocarcinoma: a unique cervical cancer[J].Gynecol Oncol,2010,116:140-146
[9] Li Q, Zhu F, Chen P. miR-7 and miR-218 epigenetically control tumor suppressor genes RASSF1A and Claudin-6 by targeting HoxB3 in breast cancer[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,2012, 424(1):28-33.
(收稿日期:2014-01-05)
[3] 楊衛(wèi)東,王歡,汪靜.miRNAs: 腫瘤診斷治療的潛在新型靶分子[J].現(xiàn)代腫瘤醫(yī)學(xué),2013,21(8):1873-1879.
[4] 黃曉明,陳翔,賈振宇.人工microRNAs在腫瘤基因治療中的研究[J].中國細(xì)胞生物學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2013,35(7):1018-1026.
[5] Guan H, Wei G, Wu J, et al. Down-regulation of miR-218–2 and its host gene SLIT3 cooperate to promote invasion and progression of thyroid cancer[J].Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2013,89(5):2346-2352.
[6] Davis BN, Hata A microRNA in cancer—the involvement of aberrant microRNA biogenesis regulatory pathways[J].Genes Cancer,2010(11):1100-1114.
[7] Hassan MQ, Maeda Y, Taipaleenmaki H, et al. miR-218 Directs a Wnt signaling circuit to promote differentiation of osteoblasts and osteomimicry of metastatic cancer cells[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,2012,287(50):84-92.
[8] Gien LT, Beauchemin MC, Thomas G. Adenocarcinoma: a unique cervical cancer[J].Gynecol Oncol,2010,116:140-146
[9] Li Q, Zhu F, Chen P. miR-7 and miR-218 epigenetically control tumor suppressor genes RASSF1A and Claudin-6 by targeting HoxB3 in breast cancer[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,2012, 424(1):28-33.
(收稿日期:2014-01-05)