朱赟 王小紅
1.浙江省鄞州第二醫(yī)院耳鼻咽喉科,浙江寧波315100;2.浙江省腫瘤醫(yī)院化療中心,浙江杭州310022
喉鱗癌中三磷酸腺苷酶家族蛋白2、抗磷酸化致癌基因和張力蛋白同源的磷酸酶基因的表達(dá)及意義
朱赟1王小紅2
1.浙江省鄞州第二醫(yī)院耳鼻咽喉科,浙江寧波315100;2.浙江省腫瘤醫(yī)院化療中心,浙江杭州310022
目的檢測(cè)喉鱗癌中三磷酸腺苷酶家族蛋白2(ATAD2)、抗磷酸化致癌基因(C-MYC)和張力蛋白同源的磷酸酶基因(PTEN)的表達(dá),分析其臨床價(jià)值。方法收集2012年3月~2014年2月經(jīng)寧波市鄞州第二醫(yī)院診斷并行喉鱗癌根治術(shù)的患者99例,選擇術(shù)中留取的癌組織標(biāo)本作為觀察組,選擇其中78例患者癌旁正常組織標(biāo)本為對(duì)照組。采用免疫組化檢測(cè)二組中ATAD2、C-MYC和PTEN的表達(dá)。結(jié)果觀察組中ATAD2(63.64%比12.82%)和C-MYC(70.71%比16.67%)表達(dá)的陽性率明顯高于對(duì)照組,PTEN的表達(dá)明顯低于對(duì)照組(20.20%比82.50%),差異有高度統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。觀察組中ATAD2、C-MYC和PTEN表達(dá)的陽性率與腫瘤體積、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、脈管浸潤(rùn)和Ki67的表達(dá)有關(guān)(P<0.05)。相關(guān)性分析顯示觀察組中ATAD2與C-MYC的表達(dá)呈正相關(guān)(r=0.43,P<0.05),ATAD2與PTEN的表達(dá)呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.46,P<0.05)。結(jié)論喉鱗癌組織中ATAD2、C-MYC高表達(dá)、PTEN低表達(dá),對(duì)腫瘤的發(fā)生和進(jìn)展有促進(jìn)作用,ATAD2與C-MYC、PTEN可能具有一定的協(xié)同作用。
喉鱗癌;三磷酸腺苷酶家族蛋白2;抗磷酸化致癌基因;張力蛋白同源的磷酸酶基因
喉鱗癌臨床常見,病變發(fā)展過程中基因和蛋白異常表達(dá)是其重要的促進(jìn)因素。三磷酸腺苷酶家族蛋白2(ATAD2)是一種雌、雄激素受體,研究認(rèn)為抗磷酸化致癌基因(C-MYC)可能與多種基因的活化物和調(diào)節(jié)通路有關(guān)[1-2]。近年來研究認(rèn)為ATAD2高表達(dá)可以有效促進(jìn)腫瘤的進(jìn)展[3-4]。張力蛋白同源的磷酸酶基因(PTEN)可以調(diào)節(jié)腫瘤細(xì)胞中DNA合成及細(xì)胞的分化,對(duì)腫瘤進(jìn)展有促進(jìn)作用[5-6]。PTEN是臨床標(biāo)記預(yù)后常用的蛋白,能對(duì)細(xì)胞信號(hào)通路中的信號(hào)分子起作用,并通過誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞周期阻滯和調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞凋亡發(fā)揮抑制腫瘤的作用[7-8]。本研究重點(diǎn)探討喉鱗癌中ATAD2、C-MYC和PTEN的表達(dá),并分析其臨床意義,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下:
1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料
收集2012年3月~2014年2月,寧波市鄞州第二醫(yī)院經(jīng)診斷并行喉鱗癌根治術(shù)的患者99例,選擇術(shù)中留取的癌組織標(biāo)本作為觀察組,選擇其中78例患者的距腫瘤邊緣大于3 cm,并經(jīng)病理證實(shí)為正常鱗狀上皮的喉黏膜組織為對(duì)照組。所有標(biāo)本均經(jīng)病理主治醫(yī)師再次閱片確認(rèn),并排除術(shù)前行放、化療的患者。觀察組中男58例,女41例,年齡40~81歲,平均(62.6± 5.4)歲;對(duì)照組中男40例,女38例,年齡40~79歲,平均(60.5±5.2)歲。兩組性別、年齡的一般資料比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 方法
免疫組化檢測(cè)ATAD2、C-MYC和PTEN蛋白的表達(dá),應(yīng)用免疫組織化學(xué)技術(shù)二步法,DAB染色,嚴(yán)格實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟。ATAD2、C-MYC和PTEN蛋白檢測(cè)結(jié)果的判定方法:ATAD2陽性部位是細(xì)胞核,C-MYC和PTEN陽性部位是細(xì)胞質(zhì)和/或細(xì)胞膜;選擇10個(gè)400倍的高倍視野對(duì)上皮細(xì)胞進(jìn)行觀察,計(jì)算陽性細(xì)胞數(shù)與總細(xì)胞數(shù)的比值,取平均值,≥25%為陽性,<25%為陰性。
采用統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件SAS 6.12對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,正態(tài)分布計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。相關(guān)性分析采用線性相關(guān)性分析法。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 兩組中ATAD2、C-MYC和PTEN蛋白表達(dá)情況
ATAD2和C-MYC在觀察組中的表達(dá)陽性率明顯高于對(duì)照組,PTEN的表達(dá)陽性率明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異有高度統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。見表1。
2.2 觀察組中不同臨床特征ATAD2、CMYC和PTEN表達(dá)情況
觀察組中ATAD2、C-MYC和PTEN的表達(dá)與腫瘤最大徑、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、脈管浸潤(rùn)和Ki67的表達(dá)有關(guān)。見表2。
2.3 觀察組中ATAD2、C-MYC和PTEN表達(dá)的相關(guān)性分析
發(fā)熱是多種疾病所共有的病理過程,除去病因外,對(duì)發(fā)熱本身的治療應(yīng)針對(duì)病情,權(quán)衡利弊。對(duì)一些原因不明的發(fā)熱,不能急于降低體溫,以免掩蓋病情、延誤診斷和抑制機(jī)體的免疫功能。
線性進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析顯示:ATAD2與C-MYC呈正相關(guān)(r=0.43,P=0.0420),ATAD2與PTEN呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.46,P=0.0371)。
喉鱗癌常見于中老年人,腫瘤常由異型增生的鱗狀上皮發(fā)展而來,在此過程中,多種基因和蛋白的表達(dá)出現(xiàn)異常。ATAD2定位在染色體8q24,是ATP酶家族的重要成員[9-10]。目前研究顯示ATAD2蛋白為含有220個(gè)氨基酸的蛋白,其結(jié)構(gòu)中有典型的ATP結(jié)合位點(diǎn),此位點(diǎn)也是ATAD2對(duì)下游蛋白合成與分解重要的調(diào)控點(diǎn)[11-12]。近來多項(xiàng)研究認(rèn)為ATAD2高表達(dá)與腫瘤的進(jìn)展有關(guān)[13-14]。C-MYC是癌基因,可以和DNA進(jìn)行有效地結(jié)合,并調(diào)控轉(zhuǎn)錄因子。也有研究認(rèn)為CMYC是細(xì)胞周期的調(diào)控開關(guān)之一,即決定從G0/G1期進(jìn)入S期[15]。也有觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為C-MYC異常表達(dá)對(duì)細(xì)胞的正常生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育及癌變起重要作用[16]。PTEN作為機(jī)體首先發(fā)現(xiàn)的磷酸酯酶活性的蛋白,可以引起細(xì)胞內(nèi)第二信使磷脂酰肌醇(3,4,5)-三磷酸(PIP3)出現(xiàn)去磷酸化,抑制細(xì)胞的增殖過程[17]。也有研究顯示腫瘤在進(jìn)展中PTEN低表達(dá)時(shí)可以引起內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞遷移能力增強(qiáng)及腫瘤血管的新生,進(jìn)而加速腫瘤進(jìn)展[18]。
表1 兩組三磷酸腺苷酶家族蛋白2、抗磷酸化致癌基因和張力蛋白同源的磷酸酶基因蛋白表達(dá)情況[n(%)]
表2 觀察組中不同臨床特征三磷酸腺苷酶家族蛋白2、抗磷酸化致癌基因和張力蛋白同源的磷酸酶基因表達(dá)情況[n(%)]
免疫組化技術(shù)成熟,其標(biāo)記的蛋白表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確、客觀。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示ATAD2和C-MYC的表達(dá)在觀察組中升高(P<0.05),PTEN的表達(dá)在觀察組中下降(P<0.05),提示ATAD2、C-MYC高表達(dá)、PTEN低表達(dá)促進(jìn)腫瘤的發(fā)生。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示觀察組中ATAD2、C-MYC和PTEN表達(dá)的陽性率與腫瘤體積、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、脈管浸潤(rùn)和Ki67的表達(dá)有關(guān)(P<0.05),提示三者異常表達(dá)促進(jìn)腫瘤的生長(zhǎng)、淋巴結(jié)播散、脈管侵犯和細(xì)胞的增殖過程。由于以上因素均為臨床判斷腫瘤生物學(xué)行為、預(yù)后的重要指標(biāo),因此三者異常表達(dá)可能在一定程度上提示患者預(yù)后情況。本實(shí)驗(yàn)的相關(guān)性分析顯示觀察組中ATAD2和C-MYC的表達(dá)呈正相關(guān)(r=0.43,P<0.05),ATAD2和PTEN的表達(dá)呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.46,P<0.05),提示ATAD2可以調(diào)節(jié)CMYC和PTEN的表達(dá),三者具有一定的協(xié)同作用。有研究顯示ATAD2與C-MYC可能與中介蛋白和活化物相關(guān),即ATAD2與C-MYC對(duì)下游蛋白的調(diào)節(jié)作用可能更趨于一致,引起腫瘤的惡性轉(zhuǎn)化和進(jìn)展[19-20]。也有觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為ATAD2是雌激素受體的共活化物,可以由前列腺素等誘導(dǎo)而激活,激活的ATAD2作用于雌激素受體的下游靶基因,如C-MYC和E2F等,進(jìn)而引起細(xì)胞的增殖,加速腫瘤的生長(zhǎng)和浸潤(rùn)[21]。但是關(guān)于ATAD2、C-MYC和PTEN協(xié)同作用的具體調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制有待更多基礎(chǔ)實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)。
綜上所述,喉鱗癌組織中ATAD2、C-MYC高表達(dá)、PTEN低表達(dá),對(duì)腫瘤的發(fā)生和進(jìn)展有促進(jìn)作用,ATAD2與C-MYC、PTEN可能具有一定的協(xié)同作用。
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Expression and significance of ATAD2,C-MYC and PTEN in laryngeal squamous carcinoma
ZHU Yun1WANG Xiaohong2
1.Department of Otolaryngology,Yinzhou Second Hospital,Zhejiang Province,Ningbo 315100,China;2.Chemotherapy Center,Zhejiang Provincial Tumor Hospital,Zhejiang Province,Hangzhou 310022,China
ObjectiveTo detect the expressions of ATAD2,C-MYC and PTEN in laryngeal squamous carcinonma,analyze their clinical significance.MethodsFrom March 2012 to February 2014,in Yinzhou Second Hospital,99 patients diagnosed and underwent laryngeal squamous carcinoma radical prostatectomy were collected,intraoperative carcinoma tissue samples were selected as observation group,normal tissue adjacent to carcinoma samples of 78 cases from these laryngeal squamous carcinonma patients were selected as control group.Expressions of ATAD2,C-MYC and PTEN were detected by IHC methods in two groups.ResultsThe positive rate of ATAD2(63.64%vs12.82%)and C-MYC (70.71%vs16.67%)were in the observation group higher than those in control group,the positive rate of PTEN in the observation group were lower than that in control group(20.20%vs82.50%),the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01).The positive rate of ATAD2,C-MYC and PTEN were correlated with tumor size,lymph node metastasis,vascular invasion and Ki67 expression(P<0.05).In observation group,there was a positive relationship between ATAD2 and C-MYC(r=0.43,P<0.05),and a negative relationship between ATAD2 and PTEN in observation group (r=-0.46,P<0.05).ConclusionThe higher-expressions of ATAD2 and C-MYC,lower-expression of PTEN can promote occurrence and development in laryngeal squmous carcinoma.ATAD2 and C-MYC,ATAD2 and PTEN may have a syngergistic effect.
Laryngeal squmous carcinoma;ATAD2;C-MYC;PTEN;IHC
R739.65
A
1673-7210(2015)07(b)-0004-04
2015-01-05本文編輯:蘇暢)
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(31370910)。
朱赟(1981.10-),女,碩士;研究方向:耳科學(xué)。
中國(guó)醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報(bào)2015年20期