楊靜 熊秀華
宮頸外切緣陽性的CINⅢ患者僅行宮頸錐切術(shù)的可行性及影響因素
楊靜 熊秀華
目的探討宮頸外切緣陽性的CINⅢ患者僅行宮頸錐切術(shù)的可行性及影響因素。方法將148例宮頸外切緣陽性的CINⅢ患者分成保守組和非保守組兩組,比較72例保守組與76例非保守組宮頸外切緣陽性患者的組織病理學(xué)結(jié)果,再將非保守組又分為LEEP組和CKC組,并對出血量、手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)后出血量、浸潤癌等術(shù)后病理指標(biāo)進(jìn)行比較。結(jié)果保守組與非保守組的復(fù)發(fā)率比較無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,LEEP組與CKC組的出血量、手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)后出血量比較有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,絕經(jīng)狀態(tài)、病變范圍、內(nèi)切緣陽性、宮頸管受累、術(shù)前HPV載量與宮頸錐切術(shù)后殘留病灶相關(guān)(P<0.05);年齡、腺體受累與宮頸錐切術(shù)后殘留病灶無關(guān)(P>0.05)。結(jié)論宮頸外切緣陽性的CINⅢ患者僅行宮頸錐切術(shù)是可行的,并且CKC法較LEEP法更可靠,絕經(jīng)狀態(tài)、病變范圍、內(nèi)切緣陽性、宮頸管受累是手術(shù)的主要影響因素。
宮頸外切緣陽性;CINⅢ;宮頸錐切術(shù)
(The Practical Journal of Cancer,2015,30:1009~1012)
宮頸癌是婦科惡性腫瘤中最常見的1種,在女性惡性腫瘤中發(fā)病率僅次于乳腺癌[1]。但在我國及一些發(fā)展中國家,其發(fā)病率和死亡率均高于乳腺癌,居于第一位。世界范圍內(nèi)統(tǒng)計(jì),每年約有50萬的宮頸癌新發(fā)病例,中國約占1/3,我國每年約有5萬女性死于宮頸癌[2]。因此,及時(shí)、合理的診斷、治療CIN以切斷宮頸癌的病理連續(xù)發(fā)展過程顯得尤為重要,值得我們?nèi)ヌ骄浚?-4]。另外,尋找宮頸外切緣陽性僅行宮頸錐切術(shù)的高危影響因素為患者選擇最佳的治療方式是臨床醫(yī)師一直關(guān)注的問題[5]。本文就宮頸外切緣陽性的CINⅢ僅采用宮頸錐切術(shù)的可行性及影響因素進(jìn)行討論,以期為患者的治療提供可行性依據(jù)。
1.1 臨床資料及實(shí)驗(yàn)分組
選取本院23~68歲宮頸外切緣陽性的CINⅢ患者148例(排除合并患有子宮肌瘤或其他婦科疾病要求直接行全子宮切除患者),隨機(jī)分為兩組,其中72
例行宮頸錐切術(shù)后再行子宮全切術(shù)(保守組),另76例僅行宮頸錐切術(shù)(非保守組),保守組平均年齡39.8歲(23~65歲),保守組平均年齡40.5歲(25~68歲)。保守組又隨機(jī)分為宮頸環(huán)形電切術(shù)(LEEP)組34例(平均年齡38.7歲,25~65歲),冷刀錐切術(shù)(CKC)組42例(平均年齡40.1歲,25~68歲)。
1.2 手術(shù)方法
保守組和非保守組患者均于月經(jīng)干凈并禁性生活后3~7 d手術(shù),所有患者術(shù)前均進(jìn)行白帶常規(guī)、血常規(guī)、凝血三項(xiàng)、免疫三項(xiàng)及心電圖等檢查,排除手術(shù)禁忌證[6]。
非保守組中LEEP組治療方法:常規(guī)消毒外陰、陰道,暴露宮頸,于宮頸處敷5%醋酸溶液并涂抹盧戈氏碘液。根據(jù)宮頸大小及病變范圍選擇不同型號的環(huán)形電刀,環(huán)行切除病變組織,切割寬度應(yīng)超出病變區(qū)域外緣3~5 mm,深度15~20 mm,也可分多次進(jìn)行,直至病變組織全部切除,適度切除部分頸管深部組織,殘端有滲血者以球形或針狀電極止血[7]。CKC組治療方法:需麻醉,在腰硬聯(lián)合麻醉后患者取膀胱截石位,導(dǎo)尿。常規(guī)消毒外陰、陰道,暴露宮頸,經(jīng)碘試驗(yàn)確定病變范圍、形態(tài),于宮頸碘不著色區(qū)域外0.25 cm處,以手術(shù)刀切一環(huán)形切口,向?qū)m頸管方向(不超過子宮頸內(nèi)口)錐形切除病變宮頸[8-9],殘端滲血者采用電凝加碘仿紗布壓迫止血。術(shù)后給予所有患者口服或靜脈滴注抗生素,預(yù)防感染[10]。
保守組患者在行宮頸錐切術(shù)后,再行常規(guī)筋膜外子宮切除手術(shù)。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
非保守組和保守組中觀察指標(biāo)包括:病灶殘余率和復(fù)發(fā)率;非保守組中的LEEP組和CKC組的觀察指標(biāo)還包括:手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、術(shù)后出血量、浸潤癌等指標(biāo)。在對保守治療(宮頸錐切術(shù))切緣陽性影響因素進(jìn)行分析時(shí),還對絕經(jīng)狀態(tài)、腺體受累、病變范圍、宮頸管受累、術(shù)前HPV載量等指標(biāo)進(jìn)行觀察。
2.1 各組一般資料比較
保守組與非保守組CINⅢ患者年齡比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.350),LEEP組與CKC組CINⅢ患者年齡比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.470),見表1。
表1 非保守組和保守組CINⅢ患者的年齡分布特點(diǎn)/例
2.2 僅行宮頸錐切術(shù)的可行性分析
保守組與非保守組CINⅢ患者病灶殘余率比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.015),兩組患者復(fù)發(fā)率比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.152),見表2;LEEP組術(shù)后病理與術(shù)前一致的患者為30例,LEEP組有1例升級為浸潤癌;CKC組術(shù)后病理與術(shù)前一致的患者為37例,CKC組有1例升級為浸潤癌,LEEP組與CKC組在出血量、手術(shù)時(shí)間方面進(jìn)行比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P =0.03),見表3。
表2 2組復(fù)發(fā)情況比較(例,%)
表3 LEEP組和CKC組手術(shù)情況及手術(shù)前后病理比較
2.3 保守治療外切緣陽性多因素分析
112例行宮頸錐切術(shù)的患者中,32例絕經(jīng),44例未絕經(jīng)。統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)檢驗(yàn)顯示,絕經(jīng)狀態(tài)、病變范圍、宮頸管受累、術(shù)前HPV載量與宮頸錐切術(shù)后殘留病灶相關(guān)(P<0.005);年齡、腺體受累與宮頸錐切術(shù)后殘留病灶無關(guān)(P>0.05),見表4。
表4 行宮頸錐切術(shù)患者切緣陽性的多因素分析/例
2.4 術(shù)后隨訪情況
術(shù)后對所有患者進(jìn)行密切隨訪,于術(shù)后3個月開始規(guī)律隨訪,為期3年,3年內(nèi)每3個月行1次宮頸細(xì)胞學(xué)檢查。若液基薄層細(xì)胞學(xué)檢查(TCT)兩次陰性,即改為每半年行1次細(xì)胞學(xué)檢查,必要時(shí)進(jìn)行陰道鏡檢查。對于HPV陽性患者,定期進(jìn)行HPV-DNA檢測。隨訪時(shí)間為3~12個月,平均為9.5個月。隨訪中保守組72例患者中2例復(fù)發(fā),1例為浸潤癌;非保守組中76例切緣陽性的患者中有3例復(fù)發(fā),1例為浸潤癌。
以前在對外切緣陽性CINⅢ患者的治療上,因?yàn)榛颊吆歪t(yī)師等多重原因,導(dǎo)致許多患者,包括一部分未曾生育過的年輕患者子宮被切除。造成生育能力喪失、性生活質(zhì)量下降、卵巢損傷等一系列嚴(yán)重后果,從而進(jìn)一步導(dǎo)致家庭不和諧等附帶的精神上得傷害,給患者術(shù)后的生活造成極大的痛苦。而且外切緣為陽性的患者即使追加子宮切除術(shù),也并不能完全消除術(shù)后的復(fù)發(fā)[2]。臨床資料表明,宮頸錐切術(shù)后的復(fù)發(fā)率為3.0%,子宮全切除術(shù)后的復(fù)發(fā)率為2.7%??梢娮訉m全切除術(shù)并不能降低CIN患者術(shù)后的復(fù)發(fā)率[10-11]。
在本研究中,數(shù)據(jù)顯示,保守組與非保守組術(shù)后的復(fù)發(fā)率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),同時(shí),兩組的病灶殘余率相比,差異也無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)??梢姳J匦灾委熆砂踩珣?yīng)用于宮頸外切緣陽性患者,故規(guī)范的宮頸錐切術(shù)是外切緣陽性CINⅢ患者能否行保守性治療的可行性前提[1,12]。另外從LEEP組和CKC組的數(shù)據(jù)可以看出CKC組雖然手術(shù)困難程度稍高,出血量耗時(shí)較多,但是在術(shù)后恢復(fù)、復(fù)發(fā)率等方面看的話,還是CKC術(shù)式比較安全可靠。
從本研究多因素結(jié)果的數(shù)據(jù)中可以發(fā)現(xiàn),絕經(jīng)狀態(tài)、病變范圍、內(nèi)切緣陽性、宮頸管受累都是宮頸外切緣陽性僅行宮頸錐切術(shù)的高危影響因素(P<0.05),這4種高危因素對預(yù)測外切緣陽性CINⅢ患者可否僅行宮頸錐切術(shù)提供了很大應(yīng)用價(jià)值,同時(shí),也為臨床醫(yī)師對外切緣陽性CINⅢ患者的診斷、治療和預(yù)后提供了參考依據(jù)。
綜上所述,可根據(jù)外切緣陽性CINⅢ患者的絕經(jīng)狀態(tài)、病變范圍、宮頸管受累與否等不同狀況來對患者僅行宮頸錐切術(shù),而不是盲目的保守治療,切除患者子宮,對患者造成不必要的傷害。
[1]Liu Y,Qiu HF,Tang Y,et al.Pregnancy outcome after the treatment of loop electrosurgical excision procedure or coldknifeconization for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia〔J〕.Gynecol Obstet Invest,2014,77(4):240-244.
[2]Baser E,Ozgu E,Erkilinc S,et al.Risk factors for human papillomavirus persistence among women undergoing coldknife conizationfor treatment of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia〔J〕.Gynaecol Obstet,2014,125(3):275-278.
[3]Danhof N,Kamphuis E,Mol B.Loop electrosurgical excision procedure and risk of preterm birth〔J〕.Obstet Gynecol,2014,124(1):163.
[4]Mungo C,Groen RS.Interval from loop electrosurgical excision procedure to pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes〔J〕.Obstet Gynecol,2014,123(4):886.
[5]Conner SN,F(xiàn)rey HA,Cahill AG,et al.Loop electrosurgical excision procedure and risk of preterm birth:a systematic review and meta-analysis〔J〕.Obstet Gynecol,2014,123 (4):752-761.
[6]Huchko MJ,Leslie H,Maloba M,et al.Factors associatedwith recurrence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2+after treatment among HIV-infected women in Western Kenya〔J〕.J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr,2014,66(2):188-192.
[7]Chigbu CO,Onyebuchi AK.Use of a portable diathermy machine for Leep without colposcopy during see-and-treat management of VIA-positive cervical lesions in resourcepoor settings〔J〕.Gynaecol Obstet,2014,125(2):99-102.
[8]Pierce JG Jr,Bright S.Performance of a colposcopic procedure,and cryotherapy of the cervix〔J〕.Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am,2013,40(4):731-757.
[9]Ciavattini A,Stortoni P,Mancioli F,et al.The impact of loop electrosurgical excision procedure(LEEP)for CIN 2,3 on spontaneous preterm delivery in twin pregnancies by assisted reproductive technique:preliminary data〔J〕.Matern Fetal Neonatal Med,2014,27(11):1169-1171.
[10]Wang S,Wang Z,Wang J.et al.Clinical analysis of 56 patients with cervical cancer after cold knife conization〔J〕.Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi,2014,94(15):1169-1172.
[11]Kabzińska-Turek M,Basta A,Stangel-Wójcikiewicz K,et al.Evaluation of the recurrence and residual lesions incidence after loop electroexcisional procedure and cold knife conisation〔J〕.Przegl Lek,2012,69(9):658-662.
[12]Dimitrov G,Talevska B,Nikolovski S,et al.HPV status after cold knife conization〔J〕.Akush Ginekol(Sofiia),2013,52(2):65-68.
The Feasibility and Influence Factors of Cervical Conization for CINⅢPatients with Positive Cervical Excision Margin
YANG Jing,XIONG Xiuhua.Beijing Pinggu Hospital,Beijing,101200
ObjectiveTo explore the feasibility and influence factors of cervical conization for CINⅢpatients with positive cervical excision margin.Methods148 cases of CINⅢpatients with positive cervical excision margin were divided into the conservative group(n=72)and non-conservative group(n=76),histopathological results of the 2 group s were compared.The non-conservative group was divided into the LEEPgroup and CKC group,bleeding volume in surgery,operative time,postoperation bleeding,postoperative infiltrating carcinoma were compared.ResultsThere had no significant difference in recurrence rate between the 2 group s,bleeding volume in surgery,operative time,postoperative bleeding between the LEEPgroup and CKC group had statistically significant difference,menopausal status,scope of lesions,positive cutting edge,cervical tube involvement,preoperative HPV loads were associated with cervical cone cutting postoperative residual lesions(P<0.005);Age,gland involvement were not associated with postoperative residual lesions of cervical conization(P>0.05).ConclusionCervical conization for CINⅢpatients with positive cervical excision margin is feasible,and CKC method is more reliable compared with LEEP,menopausal status,scope of lesions,positive cutting edge,cervical involvement are the main influence factors of the operation.
Positive cervical excision margin;CINⅢ;Cervical conization
10.3969/j.issn.1001-5930.2015.07.021
R737.33
:A
:1001-5930(2015)07-1009-04
2014-09-17
2015-04-21)
(編輯:吳小紅)
101200北京市平谷區(qū)醫(yī)院婦科