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術(shù)中磁共振技術(shù)輔助手術(shù)治療腦深部膠質(zhì)瘤的療效分析

2015-08-29 01:20馬曉東余新光余鵬霄徐維林張宏偉
關(guān)鍵詞:術(shù)者膠質(zhì)瘤磁共振

張 猛,馬曉東,余新光,余鵬霄,王 強(qiáng),徐維林,張宏偉

1解放軍總醫(yī)院 神經(jīng)外科,北京 100853;2廣州軍區(qū)第四二五醫(yī)院,海南三亞 572000

術(shù)中磁共振技術(shù)輔助手術(shù)治療腦深部膠質(zhì)瘤的療效分析

張 猛1,2,馬曉東1,余新光1,余鵬霄1,王 強(qiáng)1,徐維林1,張宏偉1

1解放軍總醫(yī)院 神經(jīng)外科,北京 100853;2廣州軍區(qū)第四二五醫(yī)院,海南三亞 572000

目的 分析術(shù)中磁共振技術(shù)在腦深部膠質(zhì)瘤輔助手術(shù)中的療效。方法 回顧性研究解放軍總醫(yī)院2005年1月- 2014年12月450例腦深部膠質(zhì)瘤病例,比較術(shù)中磁共振組與傳統(tǒng)顯微手術(shù)結(jié)合功能導(dǎo)航組全切率的差異。結(jié)果 不同部位腦深部膠質(zhì)瘤的手術(shù)方式偏好不同。兩組中未見年齡、性別及病理分級(jí)差異。術(shù)中磁共振組于丘腦基底節(jié)區(qū)(75.6%)、胼胝體區(qū)(83.8%)、腦室及周邊區(qū)(76%)的全切率分別高于對(duì)應(yīng)的傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)組(71.0%、76.9%、50%),但除腦室及周邊區(qū)外,兩組其他部位全切率差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。高級(jí)別及低級(jí)別腦深部膠質(zhì)瘤全切率差異也未見統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。結(jié)論 術(shù)中磁共振輔助技術(shù)在腦室及周邊區(qū)可實(shí)現(xiàn)較高的全切率。

術(shù)中磁共振;神經(jīng)導(dǎo)航;腦深部膠質(zhì)瘤;外科手術(shù)

網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版時(shí)間:2015-04-28 11:30 網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版地址:http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.3275.R.20150428.1130.001.html

腦深部膠質(zhì)瘤為神經(jīng)外科難治性疾病之一,腫瘤常與重要的神經(jīng)、血管、功能區(qū)關(guān)系密切,具有位置深、手術(shù)路徑遠(yuǎn)的特點(diǎn),全切腫瘤較為困難,反復(fù)或盲目探查牽拉易造成較重的神經(jīng)組織損傷,增加手術(shù)并發(fā)癥。文獻(xiàn)表明,腫瘤的切除程度直接影響患者的預(yù)后生存[1-5]。如何準(zhǔn)確定位病灶、掌握腫瘤與神經(jīng)、血管、功能區(qū)的位置關(guān)系、評(píng)估術(shù)中腫瘤的切除程度,成為腦深部膠質(zhì)瘤手術(shù)的關(guān)鍵。近年來,隨著術(shù)中磁共振與神經(jīng)導(dǎo)航等神經(jīng)影像學(xué)的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用,腦深部膠質(zhì)瘤的治療取得了良好效果。本文通過回顧性分析腦深部膠質(zhì)瘤的全切率,比較術(shù)中磁共振技術(shù)輔助手術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)顯微手術(shù)間或結(jié)合神經(jīng)功能導(dǎo)航的手術(shù)療效差異。

資料和方法

1 資料收集 收集解放軍總醫(yī)院2005年1月-2014年12月經(jīng)手術(shù)治療、圍術(shù)期未出現(xiàn)死亡的術(shù)后病理確診為腦深部膠質(zhì)瘤450例患者。經(jīng)術(shù)中磁共振技術(shù)輔助手術(shù)治療的248病例為研究組,經(jīng)傳統(tǒng)顯微手術(shù)間或結(jié)合神經(jīng)導(dǎo)航的202病例為對(duì)照組。

2 臨床治療 所有病例由我科全體醫(yī)師討論并結(jié)合患者及家屬個(gè)人意愿決定手術(shù)方式策略。17位副主任醫(yī)師及以上資質(zhì)的醫(yī)師擔(dān)任術(shù)者,術(shù)前全部進(jìn)行MRI掃描(含功能磁共振)制訂手術(shù)計(jì)劃。450例手術(shù)均使用顯微鏡(OPMI Pentero,Carl Zeiss,Germany)。結(jié)合神經(jīng)導(dǎo)航的患者于手術(shù)開始后注冊(cè)顯微鏡以實(shí)現(xiàn)鏡下導(dǎo)航。

3 傳統(tǒng)顯微手術(shù)結(jié)合神經(jīng)功能導(dǎo)航 對(duì)照組采用的導(dǎo)航工作處理系統(tǒng)站為VectorVision?sky神經(jīng)導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng),處理軟件為iplan2.6版本(BrainLAB,F(xiàn)eldkirchen,Germany)。麻醉成功后頭架固定頭部,將參考架(示蹤器)固定于頭架側(cè)方,定位標(biāo)記注冊(cè)信息,待顯示病變?nèi)S空間位置和鄰近結(jié)構(gòu)并經(jīng)驗(yàn)證后,根據(jù)顯示信息設(shè)計(jì)手術(shù)入路和切口。術(shù)中及時(shí)利用導(dǎo)航探針探查腫瘤及周圍結(jié)構(gòu)。

4 術(shù)中磁共振手術(shù) 研究組采用手術(shù)系統(tǒng)(IMRIS,Canada)配備雙房式1.5 T高場(chǎng)強(qiáng)超導(dǎo)磁體磁共振機(jī)器(Siemens Espree,Siemens,Erlangen,Germany)。術(shù)中進(jìn)行核磁掃描進(jìn)行腦移位的糾正。當(dāng)術(shù)者根據(jù)鏡下肉眼所見結(jié)合導(dǎo)航信息認(rèn)為腫瘤切除達(dá)術(shù)前計(jì)劃時(shí)暫時(shí)中止手術(shù),行術(shù)中磁共振檢查。掃描結(jié)果認(rèn)為腫瘤切除滿意則停止手術(shù),否則繼續(xù)手術(shù)直至腫瘤切除滿意。

5 切除程度評(píng)估 術(shù)后行MRI檢查,留存DICOM影像數(shù)據(jù)的病例采用BrainLAB軟件計(jì)算腫瘤體積;僅留存膠片或者JPG格式影像資料的病例采用多田公式計(jì)算腫瘤體積;不能以上述方法計(jì)算體積的以手術(shù)記錄描述為準(zhǔn)。手術(shù)切除程度=(術(shù)前腫瘤體積-術(shù)后殘余腫瘤體積)/術(shù)前腫瘤體積× 100%。切除程度≥90%認(rèn)為達(dá)到腫瘤全切,<90%者被認(rèn)為達(dá)到腫瘤次全切或部分切除。本研究最終根據(jù)腫瘤全切率評(píng)價(jià)手術(shù)療效。

6 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用SPSS16.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。計(jì)數(shù)資料分析采用χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

結(jié) 果

1 兩組一般資料比較 兩組性別、年齡及病理分級(jí)差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。兩組腫瘤位置分布不均勻,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.000)。見表1。

2 兩組手術(shù)療效分析 按部位及病理分級(jí)進(jìn)行兩組全切率的比較。在腦室及周邊膠質(zhì)瘤中,術(shù)中磁共振組有較高的全切率(P=0.033)。丘腦基底節(jié)區(qū)、侵及胼胝體膠質(zhì)瘤術(shù)中磁共振組全切率高于對(duì)照組,但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。島葉相關(guān)區(qū)、中腦至延髓膠質(zhì)瘤兩組的全切率相當(dāng)。低級(jí)別膠質(zhì)瘤術(shù)中磁共振組全切率高于傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)組,但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。見表2。

表 1 腦深部膠質(zhì)瘤兩種手術(shù)組一般資料比較Tab. 1 Comparison of baseline data of deep-seated gliomas between the two groups (n, %)

表 2 兩組中按部位及病理分級(jí)的全切率比較Tab. 2 Comparison of TRR of each region and pathological grade between the two groups (%, n)

討 論

1996年,Black等[6]首次將術(shù)中磁共振應(yīng)用于顱腦腫瘤的手術(shù)治療中。Nagelhus Hernes等[7]、Rasmussen等[8]整合術(shù)中超聲與功能性磁共振(functional MRI,fMRI)影像,糾正了術(shù)中腦移位誤差,降低掃描次數(shù),縮短手術(shù)時(shí)間,實(shí)現(xiàn)了最大程度切除腫瘤的目標(biāo)。我科在國(guó)內(nèi)率先開展術(shù)中磁共振手術(shù),在總結(jié)既往治療經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,認(rèn)為相對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)顯微手術(shù)及功能神經(jīng)導(dǎo)航技術(shù)而言,術(shù)中磁共振技術(shù)在深部膠質(zhì)瘤的手術(shù)治療中具有其不可比擬的優(yōu)勢(shì)[9-10]。首先,通過核磁掃描術(shù)中可以實(shí)時(shí)評(píng)估腫瘤切除情況,尤其可以發(fā)現(xiàn)因腫瘤位置深而在術(shù)者視野內(nèi)難以暴露的“死角”。被發(fā)現(xiàn)的殘余腫瘤可以在手術(shù)導(dǎo)航計(jì)劃中標(biāo)注更新,并將更新的計(jì)劃重新顯示于鏡下,從而實(shí)時(shí)指引術(shù)者抵達(dá)殘余腫瘤所在空間位置,繼而尋求腫瘤的最大化切除。該優(yōu)勢(shì)已被多項(xiàng)研究數(shù)據(jù)所證實(shí)[11-16]。其次,當(dāng)腫瘤毗鄰如錐體束等重要結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),隨著手術(shù)在此方向上的深入,術(shù)者往往在保留功能與腫瘤最大化切除這兩方面進(jìn)行謹(jǐn)慎地權(quán)衡。此時(shí)術(shù)中磁共振可以實(shí)時(shí)獲得腫瘤切除的進(jìn)展情況,明確目前腫瘤切除已達(dá)的空間位置,提供最重要的參考信息供術(shù)者進(jìn)行術(shù)中手術(shù)策略的抉擇。再次,術(shù)中可以行DTI等特殊序列磁共振掃描,熟練的手術(shù)計(jì)劃編制醫(yī)師可以在術(shù)中快速地再次重建白質(zhì)纖維束等重要神經(jīng)結(jié)構(gòu)并更新手術(shù)計(jì)劃,從而有效解決術(shù)中腦組織與術(shù)前重建纖維束產(chǎn)生移位的問題[17-19]。而且,對(duì)于突然出現(xiàn)的術(shù)中不明原因腦腫脹,可行術(shù)中磁共振檢查,快速排除或定位術(shù)區(qū)遠(yuǎn)隔部位血腫。

韓國(guó)慶[20]對(duì)比研究了腦深部各部位膠質(zhì)瘤,但島葉膠質(zhì)瘤未在統(tǒng)計(jì)之列,認(rèn)為得出不同病理級(jí)別的腫瘤切除程度無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,腦干膠質(zhì)瘤的全切比例高于其研究中其他部位,即全切率不高。兩結(jié)論基本與本研究的觀點(diǎn)一致,也報(bào)告了術(shù)中磁共振組與導(dǎo)航手術(shù)組的腫瘤切除程度無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異的情況。本研究中,中腦至延髓膠質(zhì)瘤手術(shù)全切率較低,可能與該部位毗鄰生命中樞等禁區(qū)有關(guān)。鑒于解放軍總醫(yī)院醫(yī)療資源的限制,對(duì)于深在和(或)毗鄰重要功能區(qū)的腫瘤,偏重選擇將此類中更困難的病例安排于術(shù)中磁共振房間進(jìn)行手術(shù)。這類腫瘤往往體積巨大、侵犯廣泛,本身就不容易全切除,更不必說采用傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)方式。相對(duì)而言,較多早期、腫瘤切除容易的病例則在傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)組中出現(xiàn)。因此,可能造成兩組的島葉相關(guān)區(qū)、丘腦基底節(jié)區(qū)、侵及胼胝體區(qū)膠質(zhì)瘤的全切率均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。盡管丘腦基底節(jié)區(qū)、侵及胼胝體區(qū)膠質(zhì)瘤的全切率升高不明顯,實(shí)際情況可能是相比術(shù)前估計(jì)切除較易腫瘤而言,應(yīng)用術(shù)中磁共振技術(shù)輔助手術(shù)治療深在而巨大的膠質(zhì)瘤依然能夠達(dá)到全切的效果。另外,功能導(dǎo)航應(yīng)用于傳統(tǒng)顯微手術(shù)中也可能提高了該組手術(shù)的全切率,使兩組的全切率差異縮小。因此,雖然5個(gè)部位中僅腦室及周邊區(qū)的腫瘤全切率在兩組中有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,并不能否認(rèn)術(shù)中磁共振技術(shù)在腦深部膠質(zhì)瘤手術(shù)治療中的優(yōu)勢(shì)。本回顧性研究中研究對(duì)象在暴露因素中不可控的偏倚分布可能導(dǎo)致了比較兩組全切率后產(chǎn)生較多陰性統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)結(jié)果,故針對(duì)腦深部膠質(zhì)瘤術(shù)中磁共振輔助技術(shù)的手術(shù)療效需更具有說服力的前瞻性研究[21]。

總之,術(shù)中磁共振無論在低級(jí)別還是高級(jí)別的腦深部膠質(zhì)瘤手術(shù)治療中都具有重要的作用,雖然該設(shè)備價(jià)格昂貴,但鑒于術(shù)中磁共振輔助技術(shù)在腦室及周邊較高的全切率,此項(xiàng)技術(shù)在手術(shù)效果及治療獲益方面仍值得臨床推廣應(yīng)用。

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Efficacy of intraoperative MRI in treatment of patients with deep-seated gliomas

ZHANG Meng1,2, MA Xiaodong1, YU Xinguang1, YU Pengxiao1, WANG Qiang1, XU Weilin1, ZHANG Hongwei1
1Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;2425th Hospital of Chinese PLA Guangzhou Military Region, Sanya 572000, Hainan Province, China
Corresponding author: MA Xiaodong. Email: xiaodongm@hotmail.com

Objective To analyze the efficacy of intraoperative MRI technique in treatment of patients with deep-seated gliomas. Methods Four hundred and fifty cases with deep-seated gliomas in Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2005 to December 2014 were collected and retrospectively studied to compare the total resection rate (TRR) between conventional microsurgery combined with functional neural navigation group and intraoperative MRI group. Results Preferential options of surgical technique were found among the various locations of deep-seated gliomas. There was no difference in age, gender and pathological grade between the two groups. TRR of intraoperative MRI group was higher in the region of thalamus-basal ganglia (75.6%), callosum(83.8%) and surroundings of ventricle (76%) than those of conventional groups (71.0%, 76.9%, 50.0%), no statistically significant differences were found except for ventricle and surrounding regions. Also, TRR was of no statistically significant difference between the two groups neither in high grade gliomas nor in low grade gliomas. Conclusion Intraoperative MRI achieves higher TRR in the region of surroundings of ventricle.

intraoperative magnetic resonance image; neuronavigation; deep-seated gliomas; surgery

R 739.41

A

2095-5227(2015)07-0691-04

10.3969/j.issn.2095-5227.2015.07.014

2015-03-17

張猛,男,在讀碩士,醫(yī)師。研究方向:神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)瘤。Email: owens_s@163.com

馬曉東,男,博士,主任醫(yī)師,博士生導(dǎo)師,副主任。Email: xiaodongm@hotmail.com

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