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磁共振波譜成像對(duì)椎基底動(dòng)脈供血不足的應(yīng)用價(jià)值

2015-10-17 03:32賀春妮
關(guān)鍵詞:枕葉小腦代謝物

賀春妮,李 軍

(濱州醫(yī)學(xué)院煙臺(tái)附屬醫(yī)院放射科,山東 煙臺(tái) 264100)

磁共振波譜成像對(duì)椎基底動(dòng)脈供血不足的應(yīng)用價(jià)值

賀春妮,李軍

(濱州醫(yī)學(xué)院煙臺(tái)附屬醫(yī)院放射科,山東 煙臺(tái)264100)

目的:應(yīng)用磁共振波譜技術(shù)(MRS)探討椎基底動(dòng)脈供血不足(VBI)患者的枕葉及小腦代謝物變化。方法:選取9例經(jīng)臨床和MRA診斷為VBI患者和7名年齡相匹配的健康志愿者(對(duì)照組),采用化學(xué)位移成像采集枕葉及小腦的MRS數(shù)據(jù),測量VBI患者及正常對(duì)照組的代謝物比值NAA/Cr、NAA/Cr2、Cho/Cr、Cho/Cr2、NAA/Cho,采用Mann-Whitney U檢驗(yàn)比較兩組間MRS代謝參數(shù)之間的差異;并統(tǒng)計(jì)兩組間Lac峰出現(xiàn)的例數(shù),應(yīng)用Fisher確切概率法比較有無差異。結(jié)果:VBI患者組枕葉的NAA/Cr、NAA/Cr2、Cho/Cr、Cho/Cr2、NAA/Cho與對(duì)照組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P>0.05);VBI患者組小腦的NAA/Cr低于對(duì)照組(0.83±0.15比0.98±0.14,P=0.043),NAA/Cr2、Cho/Cr、Cho/Cr2、NAA/Cho與對(duì)照組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P>0.05);9例VBI患者中4例在小腦可探測到Lac峰,1例在枕葉可探測到Lac峰,對(duì)照組均未探測到Lac峰,差別具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.034)。結(jié)論:應(yīng)用MRS技術(shù)可敏感的探測VBI患者腦組織代謝物的變化,有助于從生化角度評(píng)價(jià)VBI導(dǎo)致的腦損害。

椎底動(dòng)脈供血不足;磁共振波譜學(xué)

椎-基底動(dòng)脈供血不足(VBI)是指由于椎基底動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)血供障礙所引起的以眩暈、復(fù)視、頭痛為主要癥狀,呈一過性發(fā)作或間歇性復(fù)發(fā)的臨床綜合征[1],常見于中老年人。本研究旨在探討VBI患者枕葉及小腦組織代謝物的變化,從而從生化角度評(píng)價(jià)VBI導(dǎo)致的腦損害。

1 資料與方法

1.1一般資料

收集自2013年9月—2014年3月經(jīng)臨床及MRA診斷為VBI的患者9例,其中男5例,女4例,年齡53~90歲,平均68歲。入組標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[2-4]:①神經(jīng)功能缺損的癥狀和體征,必須能定位于特定的椎-基底動(dòng)脈血管分布區(qū);②發(fā)作突然,數(shù)分鐘達(dá)到高峰,一般24 h內(nèi)緩解,病史中至少有兩次短暫發(fā)作并伴隨以腦干為主的其他癥狀和體征;③短暫發(fā)作的間歇期不能有異常神經(jīng)癥狀和體征(患者以前已有腦梗死者例外);④MRA示椎-基底動(dòng)脈不同程度的狹窄;⑤除外其它全身性疾病如低血壓、貧血、血液病等。對(duì)照組來自濱州醫(yī)學(xué)院煙臺(tái)附屬醫(yī)院職工家屬和門診體檢健康人,共7例,其中男4例,女3例,年齡66~80歲,平均73歲,頭MRI未見異常。

1.2掃描方法

應(yīng)用德國西門子Avanto 1.5T超導(dǎo)型磁共振掃描儀,采用頭顱8通道正交線圈,常規(guī)行T1WI(TR 450 ms,TE 15 ms)、T2WI(TR 3 000 ms,TE 100 ms)、T2FLAIR(TR 8 000 ms,TE 120 ms)掃描,并行3DTOF MRA成像,以矢狀位T2WI作為MRS的定位圖像,獲取點(diǎn)解析波譜分析(PRESS)的多體素三維1H-MRS數(shù)據(jù),掃描參數(shù):TR=1 500 ms,TE=135 ms,F(xiàn)OV=16 mm×16 mm,層厚=15 mm,Vol R-L=40 mm,A-P=30 mm,F(xiàn)-H=60 mm,NEX=4。感興趣區(qū)(ROI)置于枕骨前方、頂枕溝下方和第三、四腦室后方的枕葉以及小腦組織(圖1),盡量避開顱骨及腦脊液等結(jié)構(gòu),周圍施加6個(gè)飽和帶,以避免周圍組織對(duì)測量值的影響。波譜儀自帶軟件計(jì)算出代謝物N-乙酰天門冬氨酸酸(NAA)2.02 ppm、膽堿(Cho)3.20 ppm、肌酸(Cr)3.02 ppm等物質(zhì)的波峰下面積,并能自動(dòng)給出各種代謝物信號(hào)強(qiáng)度的相對(duì)比值包括NAA/Cr、NAA/Cr2、Cho/Cr、Cho/Cr2、NAA/Cho。

圖1 1例正常志愿者M(jìn)RS定位圖(圖1a)及枕葉MRS圖(圖1b)、小腦MRS圖(圖1c),示感興趣區(qū)(ROI)置于枕骨前方、頂枕溝下方的枕葉以及小腦組織。Figure 1. Location map of MRS(Figure 1a)and MRS diagrams in the occipital lobe(Figure 1b)and cerebellum(Figure 1c)for a normal volunteer.The region of interest(ROI)was placed in front of the occipital bone,below the parieto-occipital sulcus in order to include both the occipital lobe and cerebellum.

1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

運(yùn)用SPSS 17.0軟件包進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,采用Mann-Whitney U檢驗(yàn)比較兩組間MRS代謝參數(shù)之間的差異,應(yīng)用Fisher確切概率法評(píng)價(jià)兩組間Lac峰出現(xiàn)的例數(shù)。P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1VBI患者組與對(duì)照組枕葉代謝參數(shù)比較

見表1。VBI患者組枕葉的NAA/Cr、NAA/Cr2、Cho/Cr、Cho/Cr2、NAA/Cho與對(duì)照組差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P>0.05)。

表1 VBI患者與正常對(duì)照組枕葉MRS代謝參數(shù)比較(±s)

表1 VBI患者與正常對(duì)照組枕葉MRS代謝參數(shù)比較(±s)

注:Mann-Whitney U檢驗(yàn)。

代謝物比值 VBI患者(9例) 正常對(duì)照組(7例) P值NAA/Cr 1.53±0.92 1.51±0.12 0.915 NAA/Cr2 1.54±0.19 1.70±0.22 0.112 Cho/Cr 0.67±0.07 0.65±0.12 0.832 Cho/Cr2 0.70±0.09 0.76±0.10 0.243 NAA/Cho 2.31±0.24 2.47±0.23 0.089

2.2VBI患者組與對(duì)照組小腦代謝參數(shù)比較

見表2。VBI患者小腦的NAA/Cr低于對(duì)照組(0.83±0.15比 0.98±0.14,P=0.043),NAA/Cr2、Cho/ Cr、Cho/Cr2、NAA/Cho與對(duì)照組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P>0.05)。

表2 VBI患者與正常對(duì)照組小腦MRS代謝參數(shù)比較(±s)

表2 VBI患者與正常對(duì)照組小腦MRS代謝參數(shù)比較(±s)

注:Mann-Whitney U檢驗(yàn)。

代謝物比值 VBI患者(9例) 正常對(duì)照組(7例) P值NAA/Cr 0.83±0.15 0.98±0.14 0.043 NAA/Cr2 1.32±0.13 1.35±0.14 0.683 Cho/Cr 0.82±0.13 0.80±0.05 0.606 Cho/Cr2 1.38±0.12 1.29±0.27 0.142 NAA/Cho 1.05±0.98 1.06±0.82 0.536

2.3VBI患者與正常對(duì)照組探測到Lac峰的例數(shù)比較

見表3。

表3 VBI患者與正常對(duì)照組的枕葉及小腦探測到Lac峰的例數(shù)

9例VBI患者中4例在小腦可探測到Lac峰,1例在枕葉可探測到Lac峰,對(duì)照組均未探測到Lac峰,差別具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.034)。

2.4VBI患者的MRA及枕葉、小腦的MRS表現(xiàn)

MRA均示后循環(huán)系統(tǒng)動(dòng)脈血管不同程度狹窄,MRS成像示部分VBI患者小腦NAA峰較正常對(duì)照組有所減低,在枕葉或小腦并可探測到Lac峰(圖2,3)。

圖2 1例VBI患者M(jìn)RA圖(圖2a)及枕葉MRS圖(圖2b)、小腦MRS圖(圖2c),示左側(cè)大腦后動(dòng)脈狹窄,枕葉MRS未見明顯異常,小腦MRS示NAA峰輕度下降,并出現(xiàn)Lac峰?!D3 1例VBI患者M(jìn)RA圖(圖3a)及枕葉MRS圖(圖3b)、小腦MRS圖(圖3c),示右側(cè)大腦后動(dòng)脈狹窄,枕葉出現(xiàn)Lac峰,小腦MRS示NAA峰輕度下降,亦出現(xiàn)Lac峰。Figure 2. Brain MRA(Figure 2a)and MRS diagrams in the occipital lobe(Figure 2b)and cerebellum(Figure 2c)for a case of VBI.Stenosis in the left posterior cerebral artery is shown.The occipital MRS reveals no obvious abnormalities,but the cerebellar MRS shows slightly decreased NAA peak and the appearance of Lac peak. Figure 3. Brain MRA(Figure 3a)and MRS diagram for the occipital lobe(Figure 3b)and cerebellum(Figure 3c)for a case of VBI.Stenosis in the right posterior cerebral artery is found.Lac peak appears in the occipital lobe.Cerebellar MRS shows slightly decreased NAA peak and a Lac peak.

3 討論

椎-基底動(dòng)脈屬后腦循環(huán),約占腦血流量的10%~15%[5]。從解剖學(xué)上看,椎-基底動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)細(xì)長、血流速度慢,易受椎體及其附屬結(jié)構(gòu)的壓迫和(或)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化所致血管本身的損害,引起血管狹窄或閉塞[6-7]。此外,全身血液動(dòng)力學(xué)的異常和血液流變學(xué)的改變也影響椎-基動(dòng)脈系統(tǒng)供血[8]。VBI是老年人眩暈的主要原因。

MRA可無創(chuàng)性顯示腦動(dòng)脈血管,對(duì)診斷VBI具有重要價(jià)值[9],VBI常見的MRA表現(xiàn)為后循環(huán)血管迂曲變細(xì)、管壁毛糙、分支細(xì)少及管腔狹窄等,可以敏感的顯示血管狹窄的程度,但不能顯示相應(yīng)腦組織由于缺血導(dǎo)致的腦損害。MRS可敏感顯示腦組織功能代謝改變,尤其是在某些疾病早期未導(dǎo)致腦組織解剖形態(tài)學(xué)改變而僅僅出現(xiàn)功能性改變情況下[10-11],本研究通過MRS發(fā)現(xiàn)VBI患者組小腦的NAA峰輕度下降,NAA/Cr較正常對(duì)照組輕度下降,考慮系由于VBI發(fā)作時(shí)短暫供血不足導(dǎo)致相應(yīng)小腦的神經(jīng)元代謝受損、突觸效能降低所致。另外,本研究同時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)部分VBI患者在枕葉或小腦可探測到明顯的Lac峰,Lac峰為無氧代謝產(chǎn)物,主要由于缺氧所致,可見于腦梗死或惡性腫瘤等,MRS能敏感探測VBI導(dǎo)致的腦組織早期缺氧缺血性改變。

總之,磁共振波譜成像能無創(chuàng)性顯示活體組織的生化和代謝功能,通過枕葉及小腦組織代謝物的變化包括神經(jīng)元活性的改變及有無出現(xiàn)乳酸峰等,有助于從生化角度評(píng)價(jià)VBI導(dǎo)致的腦損害,對(duì)疾病的診斷、分度及臨床預(yù)后均具有重要意義。

[1]羅毅.椎-基底動(dòng)脈供血不足的臨床診斷[J].中華老年心腦血管病雜志,2005,7(3):145-147.

[2]Kocer A,Kocer E,Besir H,et al.Low scores on the Benton Facial Recognition Test associated with vertebrobasilar insufficiency[J].Med Hypotheses,2013,80(5):527-529.

[3]Fox MW,Piepgras DG,Bartleson JD.Anterolateral decompression of the atlantoaxial vertebral artery for symptomatic positional occlusion of the vertebral artery:case report[J].J Neurosurg,1995,83(4):737-740.

[4]De Marchis GM,Kohler A,Renz N,et al.Posterior versus anterior circulation strokes:comparison of clinical,radiological and outcome characteristics[J].J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat,2011,82(1):33-37.

[5]Stayman A,Nogueira RG,Gupta R.Diagnosis and management of vertebrobasilar insufficiency[J].Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med,2013,15(2):240-251.

[6]Hutting N,Verhagen AP,Vijverman V,et al.Diagnostic accuracy of premanipulative vertebrobasilar insufficiency tests:a systematic review[J].Man Ther,2013,18(3):177-182.

[7]Bernard B,Jean M,Paul A,et al.Functional anatomy of auditory brain-stemnuclei:Applicationtotheanatomicalbasisof brainstem auditory evoked potential[J].Auris Nuris Larynx,2001,28(1):85-94.

[8]邵永,李曉光.MRI與MRA對(duì)椎基底動(dòng)脈供血不足患者的診斷價(jià)值[J].中國實(shí)用醫(yī)刊,2013,40(22):22-23.

[9]信宏,朱艷春,王勝文,等.椎基底動(dòng)脈供血不足患者椎動(dòng)脈MRA的改變及臨床[J].中風(fēng)與神經(jīng)疾病雜志,2007,24(4):500.

[10]Schneider JI,Olshaker JS.Vertigo,vertebrobasilar disease,and posterior circulation ischemic stroke[J].Emerg Med Clin N Am,2012,30(3):681-693.

[11]Albuquerque FC,Hu YC,Dashti SR,et al.Craniocervical arterial dissections as sequelae of chiropractic manipulation:patterns of injury and management[J].J Neurosurg,2011,115(6):1197-1205.

Application value of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vertebrobasilar blood supply insufficiency

HE Chun-ni,LI Jun
(Department of Radiology,Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University,Yantai Shandong 264100,China)

Objective:To explore changes of metabolite levels in the occipital lobe and cerebellum for patients with vertebral-basilar insufficiency(VBI)by magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS).Methods:The study group consisted of nine patients diagnosed with VBI by clinical and MRA methods.Seven age-matched healthy subjects were recruited in the control group.MRS by multi-voxel chemical shift imaging was performed.The metabolite ratios of occipital lobe and cerebellum involving NAA/Cr,NAA/Cr2,Cho/Cr,Cho/Cr2and NAA/Cho were estimated.The Mann-Whitney U test was performed to compare the differences between the two groups.The appearance of Lac peak was noted between two groups and Fisher's exact test was performed to compare the differences.Results:There was no statistical difference for the ratios of NAA/Cr2,Cho/Cr2,NAA/Cho in occipital lobe(P>0.05).The ratio of NAA/Cr in cerebellum with VBI was found decreased compared to normal control subjects(0.83±0.15 vs 0.98±0.14,P=0.043).There was no statistical difference for the ratios of NAA/Cr2,Cho/Cr2,NAA/ Cho in cerebellum(P>0.05).Lac peaks were detected in the cerebellum in four VBI cases and in the occipital lobe in one VBI case.and no Lac peak was detected in the control group with statisticaldifference(P=0.034).Conclusion:MRS is a useful tool for evaluation of major changes of metabolite levels in brain and may contribute to evaluate the damage caused by VBI biochemically.

Vertebrobasilar insufficiency;Magnetic resonance spectroscopy

?綜述?

R743;R445.2

A

1008-1062(2015)05-0359-03

2014-09-29;

2014-11-06

賀春妮(1980-),女,山東牟平人,主治醫(yī)師。

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