張琪琪等
摘要:以成熟的、生長狀況相似的劍麻(Agave sisalana Perr. ex Engelm.)葉片為研究對象,利用WD-200B微機控制電子萬能試驗機,采用單因素試驗法測得不同影響因素下最大切割應(yīng)力,并分析了切割速度、切割部位、切割葉面、切割方式、切割角度、含水率對切割應(yīng)力的影響。結(jié)果表明,切割劍麻主要影響因素有切割角度、切割方式以及切割葉面部位。在100 mm/min速度下切割收集的劍麻根部的側(cè)面部位,側(cè)切較正切和背切的剪切應(yīng)力小為0.521 MPa; 在250 mm/min速度下取不同含水率最高時應(yīng)力最小為0.476 MPa;取側(cè)面部位削切的角度為30°~45°區(qū)間內(nèi),應(yīng)力區(qū)間為0.330~0.352 MPa。該結(jié)果為劍麻的收割機械研制時切割位置、切割時間、切割器及刀具的設(shè)計、電動機功率的選取等方面提供數(shù)據(jù)支持。
關(guān)鍵詞:劍麻(Agave sisalana Perr. ex Engelm.);切割應(yīng)力;力學(xué)性能
中圖分類號:S225 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2015)16-4044-05
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.16.055
Mechanical Properties of Sisal Cutting Stress
ZHANG Qi-qi, LAI Wen-yu, WANG Tao
(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China)
Abstract: Studying the mechanical properties of Sisal leaf gives basic idea of Sisal harvester design and development. To analyze the properties of Sisal leaf shear stress under different stress conditions, we took cutting speed,leaf height,cutting position of leaf surface,cutting mode,cutting angle and moisture content as factors. Mature Sisal leaves with identical growing condition as the research object was chose. Using computer control electronic universal testing machine, the maximum shear stress was supposed to be measured and the effect was analyzed through single-factor controlled experiment. The results showed that the main factors affecting cutting sisal were cutting angle,cutting mode and cutting position of leaf surface. The lower part of the fresh leaves with the highest moisture content was chose. The shear stress was measured in three different parts of sisal leaf —the side,front and the back part. The stress at the side was minimum, which was 0.521 MPa with lower part of the Sisal leave edge being cut. The stress was 0.476 MPa under maximum moisture content. If the cutting angle towards the side part lay within range of 35°~40°,the corresponding stress varied from 0.330 to 0.352 Mpa. The analytical results offered the experimental data required for sisal harvester technology development.
Key words:Agave sisalana Perr. ex Engelm.;cutting stress;mechanical properties
劍麻(Agave sisalana Perr. ex Engelm.)是極具特色的熱帶經(jīng)濟作物,隸屬于龍舌蘭科,原產(chǎn)地是墨西哥尤卡坦半島,現(xiàn)主要種植于南美洲、非洲、亞洲等地。劍麻在中國的面積和產(chǎn)量分別處于世界第5位和第2位,單位面積產(chǎn)量也是世界平均水平的4倍以上,居世界第1位[1]。目前,我國劍麻加工原材料需求量大,每年進口的數(shù)量仍呈現(xiàn)增加趨勢。劍麻莖粗而短,葉片無葉柄,硬而狹長,呈放射狀展開,且葉片強度較大,因此劍麻葉片的收割十分困難。而國內(nèi)的劍麻生產(chǎn)機械化和自動化水平很低,基本上仍是由人工完成的,收割勞動強度大,勞動成本高,越來越難找到割葉操作工人是劍麻產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的瓶頸,因此實現(xiàn)機械化收割劍麻葉片是當前急需解決的技術(shù)難題[2,3]。切割劍麻的切割器及其刀片的研制就成為機械收割劍麻的關(guān)鍵,劍麻切割力學(xué)特性研究對切割器及刀片的設(shè)計研制極為重要。國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對于農(nóng)作物的秸稈進行了大量的力學(xué)性能研究,高欣[4]對不同種類、不同節(jié)間、不同加載速度的玉米秸稈進行了拉伸、彎曲、剪切的力學(xué)試驗;潘紅瑋等[5]研究了不同預(yù)處理后劍麻纖維的性能特點;張西良等[6]對黃瓜藤秸稈力學(xué)特性進行了研究;Holt等[7]研究了農(nóng)業(yè)纖維棉力學(xué)性能。然而,國內(nèi)外關(guān)于劍麻的力學(xué)性能研究較少,本研究對劍麻的力學(xué)性能進行深入分析與討論,利用單因素試驗分析了劍麻的力學(xué)性能和理化性能指標的相關(guān)性,為相關(guān)配套收割機械的切割器、切割刀片、動力裝置的功率匹配等設(shè)計研制提供可靠的參考,為進一步設(shè)計劍麻收割機械等相關(guān)的農(nóng)業(yè)機械設(shè)備提供充足的理論數(shù)據(jù)支持。