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流式細(xì)胞術(shù)分析比較癌癥患者新鮮和凍存復(fù)蘇后外周血淋巴細(xì)胞亞群的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究

2015-12-02 03:03魏天雪于鴻何春瑩劉玉俠
中國現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生 2015年29期
關(guān)鍵詞:流式細(xì)胞術(shù)

魏天雪 于鴻 何春瑩 劉玉俠

[摘要] 目的 建立標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的實(shí)驗(yàn)和分析方法,采用流式細(xì)胞術(shù)比較分析癌癥患者新鮮和凍存復(fù)蘇后的外周血淋巴細(xì)胞亞群的差異。 方法 于2014年6~12月收集肺惡性腫瘤患者靜脈血樣本(2 mL/樣本),每個(gè)樣本取300 μL全血用于淋巴細(xì)胞亞群分析;剩余全血經(jīng)裂解紅細(xì)胞后凍存 (40%或90%胎牛血清)。30 d后復(fù)蘇細(xì)胞,流式細(xì)胞術(shù)分析淋巴細(xì)胞亞群變化。 結(jié)果 復(fù)蘇并培養(yǎng)24 h后,癌癥患者PBMC的存活率分別為(67.70±2.80)%(90% FCS) 和(80.47±3.32)% (40% FCS,P=0.0069)。新鮮和凍存的的外周血CD3+、CD3+CD4+、CD3+CD8+、CD3-CD16+56+、CD3+CD16+56+和CD4+CD25+ T細(xì)胞的百分率之間無顯著差異(P>0.05,n=8,40%FCS)。 結(jié)論 短期凍存癌癥患者的PBMC可用于后續(xù)檢測T淋巴細(xì)胞亞群,尤其對于晚期癌癥患者而言,可避免多次采血造成的負(fù)擔(dān)同時(shí)提高實(shí)驗(yàn)的一致性。此外,本實(shí)驗(yàn)建立的方法也可用于臨床抗腫瘤免疫治療和其他免疫監(jiān)測。

[關(guān)鍵詞] PBMC;細(xì)胞凍存和復(fù)蘇;淋巴細(xì)胞亞群;流式細(xì)胞術(shù)

[中圖分類號(hào)] R329.2;R697.3 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2015)29-0029-03

Comparative analysis of lymphocyte subsets between fresh and frozen cancer patients PBMC by flow cytometry

WEI Tianxue YU Hong HE Chunying LIU Yuxia

Jilin Tumor Institute, Changchun 130012,China

[Abstract] Objective To develop a protocol to comparative analysis of lymphocyte subsets between fresh and cryopreserved cancer patients PBMC for immunological studies by flow cytometry. Methods Blood samples (2 mL/sample) from lung malignant tumor patients were collected by venipuncture from June to December 2014. For each sample, 300 μL of fresh whole blood was immediately used for lymphocyte subsets analysis. While the remaining were lysed and the isolated PBMC were cryopreserved with 40% or 90% FCS. Following storage for 30 days, the samples were removed and quickly thawed in 37℃ water bath. After cultured for 24 h, the cells were stained with antibodys. The analysis was performed using an Epics XL/MCL flow cytometry(Beckman Coulter). Results After separating, the cell recovery of PBMC was(67.70±2.80)% of 90% FCS vs (80.47±3.32)% of 40% FCS(P=0.0069). There were no significant differences in the frequencies of CD3+,CD3+CD4+,CD3+CD8+,CD3-CD16+56+,CD3+CD16+56+,and CD4+CD25+ T cells between the fresh and frozen PBMC(P>0.05,n=8,40% FCS). Conclusion The results of the present study suggest that frozen PBMC may be used to evaluate T cell subset frequencies and facilitate longitudinal assays on the same subject,especially in elderly frail malignant tumor patients. This protocol allows assays to be performed in batches with an adequate control. In addition, the approach we developed here can be further applied to clinical use involved in antitumor immunotherapy and immunosurveillance.

[Key words] Peripheral blood mononuclear cell; Cell cryopreservation and recovery; Lymphocyte subsets; Flow cytometry

惡性腫瘤患者常伴有免疫功能紊亂[1],臨床檢測患者的各淋巴細(xì)胞亞群的表型和功能,對于評估患者的自身免疫狀態(tài)、配合制定臨床治療方案,具有重要的實(shí)踐意義[2]。此外,檢測淋巴細(xì)胞亞群也可以幫助深入分析免疫細(xì)胞的分化途徑及其免疫反應(yīng)中的作用,對于從基礎(chǔ)研究到臨床應(yīng)用免疫治療也具有重要的指導(dǎo)作用[1]。本研究采用流式細(xì)胞技術(shù)檢測癌癥患者外周血中CD3+、CD4+、CD8+及NK細(xì)胞(自然殺傷細(xì)胞),調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞(CD4+ CD25+)的百分比,并與同一樣本經(jīng)凍存復(fù)蘇后的檢測結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較,旨在建立簡便可行的方法動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測淋巴細(xì)胞亞群變化,進(jìn)而將這一技術(shù)方法應(yīng)用于臨床免疫治療中,以減輕腫瘤患者在接受治療和監(jiān)測過程中的負(fù)擔(dān)[3]。

1 材料與方法

1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料

IMDM培養(yǎng)基(Gibco)、DMSO (Gibco)、胎牛血清 (Hyclone)、CD45-FITC/CD4-RD1/CD8-ECD/CD3-PC5 (6607013)、CD3-FITC/CD16+56-PE(A07735)、CD4-FITC(A07750)、CD25-PE (A07774),OptiLyse@C Lysis Solution(A11895)均為Beckman Coulter公司產(chǎn)品。

1.2 標(biāo)本采集和處理

血液樣本來自吉林省腫瘤醫(yī)院于2014年6~12月的住院患者,取經(jīng)診斷為肺腺癌的患者靜脈血2 mL,EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸)鉀鹽抗凝,立即送檢。實(shí)驗(yàn)室做好樣本的登記和編號(hào),在流式試管內(nèi)加相應(yīng)抗體10 μL,加入待測血100 μL,混勻后室溫避光20~30 min充分反應(yīng)。加OptiLyse@C Lysis Solution震蕩混勻,加磷酸鹽緩沖液和甲醛固定液,震蕩混勻后上機(jī)檢測。采用Beckman Coulter Epics XL-MCL流式細(xì)胞儀檢測外周血中CD3+、CD3+CD4+、CD3+CD8+、CD3+CD16+56+、CD3-CD16+56+、CD4+ CD25+細(xì)胞的百分率。Expo32 ADC軟件獲取數(shù)據(jù),收集5000~10000個(gè)細(xì)胞,Expo32 V1.2軟件分析數(shù)據(jù)。

1.3 PBMC的凍存[4]

將上述每個(gè)樣本中剩余的外周血在無菌條件下,置于10 mL無菌離心管中,加入8 mL紅細(xì)胞裂解液 (自制),混勻待紅細(xì)胞裂解后,300×g離心5 min,棄上清,用生理鹽水洗1遍,計(jì)數(shù)并調(diào)整細(xì)胞濃度為5×106/mL,用配置好的凍存液(40%/90% FCS,10% DMSO)懸浮細(xì)胞,-20℃中放置4 h后,-80℃凍存?zhèn)溆谩?/p>

1.4 PBMC的復(fù)蘇

凍存1個(gè)月的外周血PBMC于37℃水浴迅速復(fù)蘇,生理鹽水洗一遍后,用含有10%胎牛血清的IMDM培養(yǎng)基懸浮細(xì)胞,37℃、5%CO2飽和濕度條件下培養(yǎng)24 h,300×g離心5 min,臺(tái)盼藍(lán)拒染法計(jì)數(shù)活細(xì)胞并調(diào)整細(xì)胞濃度為1×106/mL,按1.2所述方法標(biāo)記細(xì)胞并上機(jī)檢測。

1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

采用SPSS17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件分析采用,計(jì)量資料比較采用配對t檢驗(yàn),組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),以(x±s)表示,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 PBMC凍存前后細(xì)胞存活率的比較

本研究中凍存PBMC所用的FCS濃度分別為40%和90%,本實(shí)驗(yàn)比較了含兩種濃度FCS的凍存液對PBMC的保護(hù)作用。表1總結(jié)了肺癌患者外周血凍存前后的有核細(xì)胞數(shù)變化情況。細(xì)胞復(fù)蘇并培養(yǎng)24 h后,癌癥患者PBMC的存活率分別為 (67.70±2.80)% (90% FCS)和(80.47±3.32)%(40% FCS),二者比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.0069),提示40℅FCS+10%DMSO+50%IMDM凍存液對于短期保存PBMC效果較好,可應(yīng)用于后續(xù)的其他實(shí)驗(yàn)。

表1 外周血凍存前后的有核細(xì)胞數(shù)比較(x±s,×106/mL,n=8)

2.2 PBMC凍存前后淋巴細(xì)胞亞群分布的比較

表2總結(jié)了新鮮和凍存復(fù)蘇后的肺癌患者外周血CD3+總T淋巴細(xì)胞、CD3+CD4+ T輔助/誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞、CD3+CD8+ 抑制/細(xì)胞毒細(xì)胞、CD3-CD16+56+ NK細(xì)胞、CD3+CD16+56+ NK樣T淋巴細(xì)胞、調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞(CD4+ CD25+)的百分率,經(jīng)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析凍存前后各項(xiàng)檢測指標(biāo)之間無顯著差異。各參數(shù)的平均熒光強(qiáng)度之間也沒有顯著差異 (圖1)。

表2 肺癌患者外周血凍存前后淋巴細(xì)胞亞群檢測結(jié)果

(x±s,%,n=8, 40%FCS)

3 討論

機(jī)體的免疫功能異常與惡性腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、轉(zhuǎn)移及預(yù)后密切相關(guān),在抗腫瘤免疫應(yīng)答中也起著重要作用[5]。淋巴細(xì)胞亞群是反映細(xì)胞免疫功能的重要指標(biāo),其中T細(xì)胞起中心調(diào)控作用,CD3+總T細(xì)胞又分為CD4+輔助/誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞和CD8+抑制/細(xì)胞毒細(xì)胞。此外,NK細(xì)胞、巨噬細(xì)胞等其他細(xì)胞也具有重要的免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用。臨床檢測癌癥患者各淋巴細(xì)胞亞群的表達(dá)水平,可以動(dòng)態(tài)分析臨床治療過程中患者機(jī)體免疫功能的變化,尤其對于應(yīng)用免疫療法的患者而言,客觀評價(jià)免疫治療的臨床療效一直是我們需要面對的關(guān)鍵問題[6]。

細(xì)胞凍存是細(xì)胞保存的主要方法之一,利用凍存技術(shù)可以使細(xì)胞保持生長活力和特性不變。已有的報(bào)道對于PBMC的凍存方法有多種,本實(shí)驗(yàn)在查閱大量文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上[7-10],采用90%FCS+10%DMSO和40%FCS+10%DMSO+50%IMDM這兩種不同的凍存液對外周血PBMC進(jìn)行凍存,一個(gè)月后復(fù)蘇細(xì)胞,經(jīng)活細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)和流式檢測分析淋巴細(xì)胞亞群在凍存前后的變化,結(jié)果表明40℅FCS+10℅DMSO+50℅IMDM凍存液回收細(xì)胞效率較好,凍存對外周血細(xì)胞數(shù)沒有明顯影響,并且凍存前后CD3+、CD3+ CD4+、CD3+ CD8+和NK等細(xì)胞百分率也沒有明顯變化。說明我們建立的方法簡便易行,可后續(xù)用于實(shí)際臨床監(jiān)測和抗腫瘤免疫治療中。

近年來腫瘤生物治療研究得到廣泛關(guān)注,主要集中在樹突狀細(xì)胞、細(xì)胞因子誘導(dǎo)的殺傷細(xì)胞(CIK)、NK細(xì)胞、TIL細(xì)胞(腫瘤浸潤細(xì)胞)、CAR-T細(xì)胞(嵌合抗原受體T細(xì)胞)等抗腫瘤免疫效應(yīng)細(xì)胞的誘導(dǎo)、擴(kuò)增和回輸?shù)取ER床治療能否有效首先在于獲得足量、高活性的免疫效應(yīng)細(xì)胞。腫瘤患者往往免疫系統(tǒng)受到抑制,細(xì)胞免疫功能低下,尤其是晚期患者,自體的PBMC在數(shù)量和質(zhì)量上都難以體外擴(kuò)增免疫效應(yīng)細(xì)胞,影響了生物治療的進(jìn)行。本研究建立的方法可用于凍存患者PBMC,在患者狀況良好時(shí)采集和凍存PBMC,然后按照臨床治療方案,適時(shí)復(fù)蘇用于誘導(dǎo)擴(kuò)增免疫效應(yīng)細(xì)胞;也可以用此方法凍存經(jīng)誘導(dǎo)、擴(kuò)增后的各種免疫效應(yīng)細(xì)胞,擇機(jī)回輸,為腫瘤患者實(shí)施個(gè)體化治療[11]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)在此基礎(chǔ)上檢測了腫瘤患者誘導(dǎo)培養(yǎng)的CIK細(xì)胞凍存前后表型和體外抗腫瘤活性變化,也獲得了預(yù)期實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果(另文報(bào)道)。

目前,臨床還沒有特定的預(yù)測免疫反應(yīng)的參數(shù)和分析方法,根據(jù)SITC/FDA/NCI的推薦和共識(shí),現(xiàn)在主要的免疫學(xué)評價(jià)包括評價(jià)抗原特異性T細(xì)胞的存在、頻率和功能;非抗原特異性淋巴細(xì)胞,如NK細(xì)胞的頻率和活化;調(diào)節(jié)性細(xì)胞,如Tregs和MDSCs的頻率和功能以及抗體的檢測等。具體指標(biāo)包括T細(xì)胞亞群、T細(xì)胞分化狀態(tài)、T細(xì)胞浸潤的瘤內(nèi)標(biāo)記、免疫抑制分子(誘導(dǎo)型一氧化氮合酶、PD-L1/B7H1和STAT3等)、IFN-γ(γ干擾素)、VEGF(血管內(nèi)皮生長因子)、LDH(乳酸脫氫酶)、趨化因子等[12-14]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)只是檢測了各淋巴細(xì)胞亞群的相對比例,沒有分析其絕對值和功能,因此尚需進(jìn)一步完善實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)、建立標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化操作規(guī)程、擴(kuò)大檢測指標(biāo)范圍、延長PBMC凍存時(shí)間、培訓(xùn)出有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的技術(shù)人員,以盡早為臨床免疫治療和免疫監(jiān)測提供方法和實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。

[參考文獻(xiàn)]

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[9] Cao LF,Krymskaya L,Tran V,et al. Development and application of a multiplexable flow cytometry-based assay to quantify cell-mediated cytolysis[J]. Cytometry A,2010,77(6):534-545.

[10] Kalina T,F(xiàn)lores-Montero J,van der Velden VH,et al. EuroFlow standardization of flow cytometer instrument settings and immunophenotyping protocols[J]. Leukemia,2012,26(9):1986-2010.

[11] Wang WJ,Tao Z,Gu W,et al. Variation of blood T lymphocyte subgroups in patients with non- small cell lung cancer[J]. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev,2013,14(8):4671-4673.

[12] Zaritskaya L,Shafer-Weaver KA,Gregory MK,et al. Application of a flow cytometric cytotoxicity assay for monitoring cancer vaccine trials[J]. J Immunother,2009,32(2):186-194.

[13] Britten CM,Gouttefangeas C,Welters MJ,et al. The CIMT-monitoring panel:a two-step approach to harmonize the enumeration of antigen-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes by structural and functional assays[J]. Cancer Immunol Immunother,2008,57(3):289-302.

[14] Karag?觟z B,Bilgi O,Gümüs M,et al. CD8+CD28-cells and CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in the peripheral blood of advanced stage lung cancer patients[J]. Med Oncol,2010,27(1): 29-33.

[15] Chen C,Chen D,Zhang Y,et al. Changes of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ and CD8+CD28-regulatory T cells in non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing surgery[J]. Int Immunopharmacol,2014,18(2):255-261.

(收稿日期:2015-06-26)

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