王曉建 ,黃畢,樊曉寒,蘇文君,張良,路天怡,田力,楊艷敏,惠汝太,張澍
急性主動(dòng)脈夾層患者主動(dòng)脈組織和血漿中微小核糖核酸的差異表達(dá)*
王曉建 ,黃畢,樊曉寒,蘇文君,張良,路天怡,田力,楊艷敏,惠汝太,張澍
目的:本研究旨在尋找新的可作為急性主動(dòng)脈夾層(AAD)診斷標(biāo)志物的微小核糖核酸(miRNAs)。
方法:入選4例A型AAD患者的升主動(dòng)脈病變組織標(biāo)本(AAD1組)和4例無(wú)心血管疾病的器官捐贈(zèng)者的升主動(dòng)脈組織標(biāo)本(NC1組);入選20例A型AAD患者(AAD2組)和20例無(wú)心血管疾病正常對(duì)照者(NC2組)并分別采集血漿,兩組病例對(duì)照的年齡、性別嚴(yán)格匹配。利用miRNA芯片技術(shù),檢測(cè)四組受試者的升主動(dòng)脈組織和血漿miRNAs表達(dá)譜,整合兩組分析結(jié)果,確定AAD患者組織和血漿均差異表達(dá)的miRNAs。
結(jié)果:主動(dòng)脈組織miRNA芯片結(jié)果顯示,AAD患者中30個(gè)miRNAs表達(dá)顯著改變,其中13個(gè)表達(dá)上調(diào),17個(gè)表達(dá)下調(diào)。血漿miRNA芯片分析顯示,AAD患者有93個(gè)miRNA差異表達(dá),其中33個(gè)表達(dá)上調(diào),60個(gè)表達(dá)下調(diào)。整合兩個(gè)表達(dá)譜,共有4個(gè)miRNAs(miR-4313、-933、-1281和-1238)在血漿和組織均顯著升高。其中,AAD1組較NC1組、AAD2組較NC2組miR-4313分別上調(diào)1.5倍和42.4倍, miR-933分別上調(diào)10.4倍和26.8倍,miR-1281分別上調(diào)1.7倍和17.8倍,miR-1238分別上調(diào)1.3倍和13.8倍。
結(jié)論:通過(guò)miRNA芯片分析,我們篩選到4個(gè)在AAD患者主動(dòng)脈組織和血漿中均升高的miRNAs。這些miRNA可能是診斷AAD的生物標(biāo)志物,但需大樣本驗(yàn)證。
miRNA芯片;急性主動(dòng)脈夾層;miRNA差異表達(dá)
Methods: Our work included 2 sets of groups.①AAD 1 tissue group, containing the aortic tissue of A type AAD patients and Control 1 group, containing the aortic tissue of the subjects without cardiovascular disease. n=4 in each group.②AAD 2 plasma group, containing the plasma of A type AAD patients and Control 2 group, containing the plasma of the subjects without cardiovascular disease. n=20 in each group. The age and gender were strictly matched between the patients and control subjects. The miRNAs expression in ascending aortic tissue and plasma were examined by microarray analysis in 4 groups, and the results in 2 sets of groups were integrated to identify the differential expression of miRNAs in AAD patients.
Results: The microarray analysis indicated that in AAD patients, the aortic tissue had 30 differentially expressed
miRNAs, 13 of them were up-regulated and 17 were down-regulated; plasma had 93 differentially expressed miRNAs, 33 of them were up-regulated and 60 were down-regulated. With integrated analysis, 4 miRNAs expressions were increased in both aortic tissue and plasma as miR-4313, miR-933, miR-1281 and miR-1238. Compared with Control 1 group and Control 2 group, AAD 1 group and AAD 2 group showed up-regulated miR-4313 at 1.5-fold and 42.4-fold, up-regulated miR-933 at 10.4-fold and 26.8-fold, up-regulated miR-1281 at 1.7-fold and 17.8-fold, up-regulated miR-1238 at 1.3-fold and 13.8-fold respectively.
Conclusion: There were 4 differentially expressed miRNAs in both aortic tissue and plasma in AAD patients, which might be the potential biomarkers of AAD, while large sample investigation is needed.
(Chinese Circulation Journal, 2015,30:154.)
急性主動(dòng)脈夾層(AAD)是心血管疾病的危急重癥,具有發(fā)病突然、進(jìn)展迅速、死亡率高的特點(diǎn)。由于缺乏特異的臨床表型,AAD初診誤診率往往超過(guò)25%,甚至達(dá)到50%[1-6]。診斷延誤與預(yù)后密切相關(guān),未及時(shí)診治的主動(dòng)脈夾層患者3天和2周死亡率分別高達(dá)50%和80%[7,8]。因此,提高主動(dòng)脈夾層診斷水平是改善患者預(yù)后的關(guān)鍵。血漿生物標(biāo)志物具有操作便捷、價(jià)格便宜等特點(diǎn),在主動(dòng)脈夾層診斷中被日益重視。D-二聚體、平滑肌肌球蛋白重鏈(SM-MHC)、腦型肌酸激酶(CK-BB)、Calponin是已發(fā)現(xiàn)的AAD血漿標(biāo)志物[9-12]。這些因子在AAD患者血漿中顯著升高,具有一定的指示意義,但由于敏感性或特異性不高,尚不能成為診斷AAD理想的生物標(biāo)志物。微小核糖核酸(miRNAs)是一類長(zhǎng)約21~23個(gè)堿基的單鏈非編碼小分子RNA,與疾病密切相關(guān)并在血漿中穩(wěn)定存在[13,14]。目前已有多個(gè)miRNA被證實(shí)為心血管疾病的分子標(biāo)示物,但miRNA與AAD的研究較少。本研究擬通過(guò)分析AAD患者和正常對(duì)照者主動(dòng)脈組織和外周血miRNA的表達(dá)差異,篩選可能作為AAD診斷的生物標(biāo)志物,為AAD的診治提供新思路和新策略。
主動(dòng)脈組織樣本的選取及采集:2011-01至2011-05期間,采集我院4例A型AAD患者(AAD1組)的升主動(dòng)脈病變組織標(biāo)本。患者均為男性,平均年齡(49.1±4.9)歲。AAD患者均經(jīng)過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描攝影術(shù)(CT)確診,并排除馬凡綜合征、Loeys-Dietz綜合征及家族性主動(dòng)脈夾層瘤?;颊邚陌l(fā)病至手術(shù)時(shí)間不超過(guò)24小時(shí)。術(shù)中取出典型病變組織標(biāo)本,立即分為1 cm3的小塊,置于冰浴的無(wú)RNA酶凍存管中,液氮速凍,即刻轉(zhuǎn)移至-80℃冰箱中保存?zhèn)溆?。正常?duì)照的組織標(biāo)本來(lái)自4例無(wú)心血管疾病的器官捐贈(zèng)者(NC1組),均為男性,平均年齡(47.9±6.7)歲。升主動(dòng)脈組織標(biāo)本的采集和保存方法同前。
血漿樣本的選取及采集:2011-01至2011-09,選取我院入選急性A型AAD患者20例(AAD2組),平均年齡(53.3±13.5)歲,男性14例(70%);同時(shí)選取超聲心動(dòng)圖和心電圖檢查確認(rèn)無(wú)心血管病疾病者20例(NC2組)作為對(duì)照,男性14例(70%),平均年齡(51.9±11.2)歲。AAD患者診斷排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)同前,且從發(fā)病至采血不超過(guò)24小時(shí)。采集兩組受試者的4 ml靜脈血,乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)抗凝,4℃低溫離心機(jī)離心(2 000 g,10分鐘),分離血漿,-80℃儲(chǔ)存?zhèn)溆?。本?xiàng)目全部研究?jī)?nèi)容均獲得阜外心血管病醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)同意,所有受試者均簽署知情同意書(shū)。
總RNA提取及質(zhì)檢:①組織樣本:使用mirVanaTMmiRNA Isolation Kit (AM1560, Ambion, Austin, TX, USA)提取總RNA。抽提所得總RNA經(jīng)Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100 (Agilent technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) 檢測(cè)濃度和純度,變性瓊脂糖凝膠電泳檢測(cè)完整性。AAD1組4例患者樣本和NC1組4例正常對(duì)照樣本的總RNA的OD260/OD280均在2.0~2.1之間,28 s和18 s條帶清晰,且28 s/18 s>2。 ② 血漿樣本:從AAD2組和NC2組每個(gè)受試者的血漿中取10 μl,將各組的20位受試者血漿分別混合。使用mirVanaTMPARISTMKit(AM1556, Ambion, Austin, TX, USA) 提取血漿總RNA。Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100檢測(cè)濃度和純度。兩組的總RNA的OD260/OD280均在1.9~2.1之間。
芯片實(shí)驗(yàn):① 組織樣本:采用Agilent human miRNA (8×60 K) V16.0芯片 (Agilent technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA)檢測(cè)AAD1組和CN1組組織樣本miRNA表達(dá)譜,樣本經(jīng)熒光標(biāo)記后,在滾動(dòng)雜交爐中與芯片雜交,采用Agilent Microarray Scanner掃描芯片結(jié)果,用Feature Extraction software 10.7讀取數(shù)據(jù),采用Gene Spring Software 11.0進(jìn)行歸一化處理。②血漿樣本:采用Agilent human miRNA(8×60 K)V19.0芯片檢測(cè)AAD2組和NC2組血漿樣本分別混合后miRNA表達(dá)譜。所有操作同前。組織和血漿樣本的miRNA芯片實(shí)驗(yàn)由上海伯豪生物技術(shù)有限公司完成。
統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析:數(shù)據(jù)分析包括芯片數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析、差異表達(dá)miRNA靶基因分析。以對(duì)照組主動(dòng)脈組織樣本中各miRNA表達(dá)量的數(shù)學(xué)均數(shù)為正常值,主動(dòng)脈夾層患者組織樣本分別與之比較。差異表達(dá)的miRNAs的篩選標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為:表達(dá)倍數(shù)變化量(foldchange)≥1.3倍(上調(diào))或≤0.27倍(下調(diào)),且P<0.05。
四組受試者的基線資料比較:AAD1組與NC1組、AAD2組與NC2組的年齡、性別完全匹配,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。AA2組較NC2組的高血壓患者比例高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),四組的動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化患者比例差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。表1
表1 四組受試者的基線資料比較 [例(%)]
AAD1組與NC1組主動(dòng)脈組織miRNA差異表達(dá)的結(jié)果:30個(gè)miRNAs在AAD1組中差異表達(dá)(圖1),13個(gè)miRNAs表達(dá)上調(diào),17個(gè)miRNAs表達(dá)下調(diào)。miRNAs差異表達(dá)量增加或降低數(shù)倍至數(shù)百倍不等,上調(diào)量最大的miRNA是has-miR-31,較NC1組表達(dá)增加496倍,下調(diào)最大的miRNA是has-miR-936,較NC1組下調(diào)超過(guò)300(1/0.003)倍。表2
圖1 AAD1組與NC1組的主動(dòng)脈組織差異表達(dá)miRNA的火山圖
表2 AAD1組與NC1組主動(dòng)脈夾層組織中miRNA差異表達(dá)的miRNAs
AAD2組與NC2組血漿miRNA表達(dá)的結(jié)果: 93個(gè)miRNAs在AAD2組中差異表達(dá),33個(gè)表達(dá)上調(diào),60個(gè)表達(dá)下調(diào)。表達(dá)差異最顯著的有20個(gè)miRNAs(表3)。上調(diào)最顯著的是has-miR-4313,AAD2較NC2組增加42.2倍;下調(diào)最顯著的是hasmiR-4454,AAD2組僅為NC2組的1/100。
表3 AAD2組與NC2組患者血漿中miRNA差異表達(dá)最顯著的20個(gè)miRNAs
AAD1組組織差異表達(dá)miRNA與AAD2組血漿差異表達(dá)miRNA整合分析結(jié)果:共發(fā)現(xiàn)了4個(gè)在組織和血漿中均差異表達(dá)的miRNAs,分別是hasmiR-4313、has-miR-933、has-miR-1281和hasmiR-1238(表4)。這4個(gè)miRNAs在AAD1組合AAD2組的組織和血漿中均表達(dá)上調(diào),其中上調(diào)量較高的是has-miR-4313和has-miR-933。AAD1組較NC1組、AAD2組較NC2組has-miR-4313分別上調(diào)1.5倍和42.4倍,has-miR-933分別上調(diào)10.4倍和26.8倍。
表4 AAD1組和AAD2組差異表達(dá)的miRNAs整合分析結(jié)果
本研究利用miRNA芯片分析了四組受試者的主動(dòng)脈組織和血漿中miRNA表達(dá)曾找到了四個(gè)在組織和血漿中均差異表達(dá)的miRNAs。這四個(gè)miRNA既與主動(dòng)脈夾層的病變密切相關(guān),亦在外周血顯著升高,很可能成為新的AAD診斷生物標(biāo)志物。
近年來(lái),多項(xiàng)研究表明miRNAs在血管性疾病的發(fā)生、發(fā)展中發(fā)揮重要的作用。全身敲除miRNAs成熟所必須的Dicer酶,小鼠在胚胎期即出現(xiàn)血管生成障礙[15],血管平滑肌特異性敲除Dicer基因,小鼠會(huì)出現(xiàn)腹腔出血和胚胎期死亡[16]。因此,miRNAs在血管發(fā)育過(guò)程中起重要調(diào)節(jié)作用。此外,miRNAs已被證實(shí)參與血管平滑肌細(xì)胞從收縮型向合成型的表型轉(zhuǎn)化。過(guò)表達(dá)miR-143和mir-145可促進(jìn)血管平滑肌細(xì)胞收縮表型的形成,而抑制miR-143和miR-145促進(jìn)合成型表型的形成[17,18]。Leeper等[19]發(fā)現(xiàn),過(guò)表達(dá)miR-21后可抑制腹主動(dòng)脈瘤的進(jìn)展,相反,抑制miR-21可促進(jìn)腹主動(dòng)脈瘤的進(jìn)展[20]。
miRNAs在病灶部位的表達(dá)與疾病進(jìn)程密切相關(guān),由于其在血漿中穩(wěn)定存,病灶部位的miRNA表達(dá)改變會(huì)直接反應(yīng)到外周血miRNA水平,進(jìn)而可作為診斷疾病、判斷治療反應(yīng)或預(yù)測(cè)預(yù)后的血清標(biāo)志物[21-25]。多個(gè)miRNAs已被證實(shí)對(duì)心血管疾病如心肌梗死、心力衰竭及心律失常等的診斷具有重要價(jià)值[14,26],但miRNAs在主動(dòng)脈疾病方面的研究還很少。Liao等[27]對(duì)6例主動(dòng)脈夾層患者和6例正常對(duì)照通過(guò)芯片分析差異表達(dá)的miRNAs,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)主動(dòng)脈夾層患者18個(gè)miRNAs上調(diào),56個(gè)miRNAs下調(diào)。胡孜陽(yáng)等[28]對(duì)5例主動(dòng)脈夾層患者和4例正常對(duì)照進(jìn)行主動(dòng)脈組織的miRNAs差異表達(dá)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)主動(dòng)脈夾層患者有3個(gè)miRNA表達(dá)上調(diào),2個(gè)miRNAs表達(dá)下調(diào)。這些研究均表明在AAD的病變血管中miRNA表達(dá)發(fā)生顯著改變,但是AAD患者血漿中miRNA是否有改變,miRNA在AAD的臨床診斷及預(yù)后方面是否具有價(jià)值,目前尚不明確。
本研究首次同時(shí)分析AAD患者病變血管組織和外周血血漿中miRNA表達(dá)差異,篩選出了4個(gè)患者主動(dòng)脈組織和血漿均表達(dá)上調(diào)的miRNAs。生物信息學(xué)分析提示,這些miRNAs預(yù)測(cè)的靶蛋白廣泛參與膠原、蛋白聚糖代謝、細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)及炎癥等多個(gè)與主動(dòng)脈夾層的發(fā)病機(jī)制密切相關(guān)的分子通路。因此,這些差異表達(dá)的miRNAs不僅是潛在的AAD的血清標(biāo)志物,也很可能參與了AAD的發(fā)病過(guò)程。
我們的研究雖然有了明確的提示,但也存在一些局限性,例如樣本數(shù)較少、只關(guān)注了AAD發(fā)病急性期的血漿水平等。既往的研究提示,miRNA芯片技術(shù)雖然可用來(lái)高通量篩選差異miRNAs,但存在一定的假陽(yáng)性,需經(jīng)大樣本的驗(yàn)證以減少假陽(yáng)性。將來(lái),我們課題組將擴(kuò)大樣本量,進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證這些miRNAs鑒別診斷AAD的特異性和敏感性。在AAD發(fā)病的不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)上收集血漿,確定miRNA表達(dá)變化的時(shí)間窗。另外,值得注意的是,雖然本研究發(fā)
現(xiàn)AAD患者和正常對(duì)照miRNAs表達(dá)有差異,但距臨床應(yīng)用尚有較長(zhǎng)距離。由于影像學(xué)技術(shù)對(duì)AAD的診斷具有較高的敏感性和特異性,影像學(xué)方法診斷和排除AAD仍是首選。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)AAD患者主動(dòng)脈組織和血漿均表達(dá)上調(diào)的4個(gè)miRNAs,可能對(duì)鑒別診斷急性AAD有一定幫助,但需要更大樣本量的研究予以證實(shí)。
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Differential Expression of microRNAs in Aortic Tissue and Plasma in Patients With Acute Aortic Dissection
WANG Xiao-jian, HUANG Bi, FAN Xiao-han, SU Wen-jun, ZHANG Liang, LU Tian-yi, TIAN Li, YANG Yan-min, HUI Ru-tai, ZHANG Shu.
State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing (100037), China
Objective: We want to identify the new microRNAs (miRNAs) biomarker for diagnosing the patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD).
miRNA chips; Acute aortic dissection; miRNA differential expression
2014-06-04)
(編輯:曹洪紅)
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(81170286,81300184)
100037 北京市,中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院 北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院 國(guó)家心血管病中心 阜外心血管病醫(yī)院 心血管疾病國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室 (王曉建、惠汝太), 心律失常中心(樊曉寒、張澍) ,急重癥中心(黃畢、田力、楊艷敏) ,心外科(張良、蘇文君、路天怡)
王曉建 副研究員 博士 主要從事心血管疾病遺傳學(xué)及轉(zhuǎn)化醫(yī)學(xué)研究 Email:wang_xiaojian@vip.163.com 通訊作者:樊曉寒
Email:ehan4348ff@gmail.com
R541
A
1000-3614(2015)02-0154-05
10.3969/j.issn.1000-3614.2015.02.015